OpenFPGA/openfpga/src/fabric/build_top_module_connection.cpp

/********************************************************************
 * This file include most utilized functions for building connections
 * inside the module graph for FPGA fabric
 *******************************************************************/
/* Headers from vtrutil library */
#include "vtr_assert.h"
#include "vtr_time.h"

/* Headers from openfpgashell library */
#include "command_exit_codes.h"

/* Headers from openfpgautil library */
#include "openfpga_side_manager.h"

/* Headers from vpr library */
#include "build_routing_module_utils.h"
#include "build_top_module_connection.h"
#include "build_top_module_utils.h"
#include "module_manager_utils.h"
#include "openfpga_device_grid_utils.h"
#include "openfpga_naming.h"
#include "openfpga_physical_tile_utils.h"
#include "openfpga_reserved_words.h"
#include "openfpga_rr_graph_utils.h"
#include "pb_type_utils.h"
#include "rr_gsb_utils.h"
#include "vpr_utils.h"

/* begin namespace openfpga */
namespace openfpga {

/********************************************************************
 * Add module nets to connect a GSB to adjacent grid ports/pins
 * as well as connection blocks
 * This function will create nets for the following types of connections
 * between grid output pins of Switch block and adjacent grids
 * In this case, the net source is the grid pin, while the net sink
 * is the switch block pin
 *
 *    +------------+                +------------+
 *    |            |                |            |
 *    |    Grid    |                |    Grid    |
 *    |  [x][y+1]  |                | [x+1][y+1] |
 *    |            |----+      +----|            |
 *    +------------+    |      |    +------------+
 *           |          v      v         |
 *           |       +------------+      |
 *           +------>|            |<-----+
 *                   |   Switch   |
 *                   |   Block    |
 *           +------>|   [x][y]   |<-----+
 *           |       +------------+      |
 *           |          ^     ^          |
 *           |          |     |          |
 *    +------------+    |     |     +------------+
 *    |            |----+     +-----|            |
 *    |    Grid    |                |    Grid    |
 *    |   [x][y]   |                |  [x+1][y]  |
 *    |            |                |            |
 *    +------------+                +------------+

 *
 *******************************************************************/
static void add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_sb(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids, const RRGraphView& rr_graph,
  const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb, const RRGSB& rr_gsb,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& sb_instance_ids,
  const bool& compact_routing_hierarchy) {
  /* Skip those Switch blocks that do not exist */
  if (false == rr_gsb.is_sb_exist()) {
    return;
  }

  /* We could have two different coordinators, one is the instance, the other is
   * the module */
  vtr::Point<size_t> instance_sb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_sb_x(),
                                            rr_gsb.get_sb_y());
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_gsb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());

  /* If we use compact routing hierarchy, we should find the unique module of
   * CB, which is added to the top module */
  if (true == compact_routing_hierarchy) {
    vtr::Point<size_t> gsb_coord(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());
    const RRGSB& unique_mirror = device_rr_gsb.get_sb_unique_module(gsb_coord);
    module_gsb_coordinate.set_x(unique_mirror.get_x());
    module_gsb_coordinate.set_y(unique_mirror.get_y());
  }

  /* This is the source cb that is added to the top module */
  const RRGSB& module_sb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(module_gsb_coordinate);
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_sb_coordinate(module_sb.get_sb_x(),
                                          module_sb.get_sb_y());

  /* Collect sink-related information */
  std::string sink_sb_module_name =
    generate_switch_block_module_name(module_sb_coordinate);
  ModuleId sink_sb_module = module_manager.find_module(sink_sb_module_name);
  VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(sink_sb_module));
  size_t sink_sb_instance =
    sb_instance_ids[instance_sb_coordinate.x()][instance_sb_coordinate.y()];

  /* Connect grid output pins (OPIN) to switch block grid pins */
  for (size_t side = 0; side < module_sb.get_num_sides(); ++side) {
    SideManager side_manager(side);
    for (size_t inode = 0;
         inode < module_sb.get_num_opin_nodes(side_manager.get_side());
         ++inode) {
      /* Collect source-related information */
      /* Generate the grid module name by considering if it locates on the
       * border */
      vtr::Point<size_t> grid_coordinate(
        rr_graph.node_xlow(
          rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        rr_graph.node_ylow(
          rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)));
      std::string src_grid_module_name =
        generate_grid_block_module_name_in_top_module(
          std::string(GRID_MODULE_NAME_PREFIX), grids, grid_coordinate);
      ModuleId src_grid_module =
        module_manager.find_module(src_grid_module_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(src_grid_module));
      size_t src_grid_instance =
        grid_instance_ids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()];
      size_t src_grid_pin_index = rr_graph.node_pin_num(
        rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode));

      t_physical_tile_type_ptr grid_type_descriptor =
        grids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()].type;
      size_t src_grid_pin_width =
        grid_type_descriptor->pin_width_offset[src_grid_pin_index];
      size_t src_grid_pin_height =
        grid_type_descriptor->pin_height_offset[src_grid_pin_index];
      BasicPort src_grid_pin_info =
        vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_port_info(grid_type_descriptor,
                                                          src_grid_pin_index);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == src_grid_pin_info.is_valid());
      int subtile_index = vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_subtile_index(
        grid_type_descriptor, src_grid_pin_index);
      VTR_ASSERT(OPEN != subtile_index &&
                 subtile_index < grid_type_descriptor->capacity);
      std::string src_grid_port_name = generate_grid_port_name(
        src_grid_pin_width, src_grid_pin_height, subtile_index,
        get_rr_graph_single_node_side(
          rr_graph, rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        src_grid_pin_info);
      ModulePortId src_grid_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(src_grid_module, src_grid_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(src_grid_module,
                                                             src_grid_port_id));
      BasicPort src_grid_port =
        module_manager.module_port(src_grid_module, src_grid_port_id);

      /* Collect sink-related information */
      vtr::Point<size_t> sink_sb_port_coord(
        rr_graph.node_xlow(
          module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        rr_graph.node_ylow(
          module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)));
      std::string sink_sb_port_name = generate_sb_module_grid_port_name(
        side_manager.get_side(),
        get_rr_graph_single_node_side(
          rr_graph, module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        grids, vpr_device_annotation, rr_graph,
        module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode));
      ModulePortId sink_sb_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(sink_sb_module, sink_sb_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(sink_sb_module,
                                                             sink_sb_port_id));
      BasicPort sink_sb_port =
        module_manager.module_port(sink_sb_module, sink_sb_port_id);

      /* Source and sink port should match in size */
      VTR_ASSERT(src_grid_port.get_width() == sink_sb_port.get_width());

      /* Create a net for each pin */
      for (size_t pin_id = 0; pin_id < src_grid_port.pins().size(); ++pin_id) {
        ModuleNetId net = create_module_source_pin_net(
          module_manager, top_module, src_grid_module, src_grid_instance,
          src_grid_port_id, src_grid_port.pins()[pin_id]);
        /* Configure the net sink */
        module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, sink_sb_module,
                                           sink_sb_instance, sink_sb_port_id,
                                           sink_sb_port.pins()[pin_id]);
      }
    }
  }
}

/********************************************************************
 * Add module nets to connect a GSB to adjacent grid ports/pins
 * as well as connection blocks
 * This function will create nets for the following types of connections
 * between grid output pins of Switch block and adjacent grids
 * In this case, the net source is the grid pin, while the net sink
 * is the switch block pin
 *
 * In particular, this function considers the duplicated output pins of grids
 * when creating the connecting nets.
 * The follow figure shows the different pin postfix to be considered when
 * connecting the grid pins to SB inputs
 *
 *    +------------+                +------------+
 *    |            |                |            |
 *    |    Grid    |                |    Grid    |
 *    |  [x][y+1]  |lower      lower| [x+1][y+1] |
 *    |            |----+      +----|            |
 *    +------------+    |      |    +------------+
 *           |lower     v      v         |upper
 *           |       +------------+      |
 *           +------>|            |<-----+
 *                   |   Switch   |
 *                   |   Block    |
 *           +------>|   [x][y]   |<-----+
 *           |       +------------+      |
 *           |          ^     ^          |
 *           |lower     |     |          |upper
 *    +------------+    |     |     +------------+
 *    |            |----+     +-----|            |
 *    |    Grid    |upper     upper |    Grid    |
 *    |   [x][y]   |                |  [x+1][y]  |
 *    |            |                |            |
 *    +------------+                +------------+
 *
 *******************************************************************/
static void add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_sb_with_duplicated_pins(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids, const RRGraphView& rr_graph,
  const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb, const RRGSB& rr_gsb,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& sb_instance_ids,
  const bool& compact_routing_hierarchy) {
  /* Skip those Switch blocks that do not exist */
  if (false == rr_gsb.is_sb_exist()) {
    return;
  }

  /* We could have two different coordinators, one is the instance, the other is
   * the module */
  vtr::Point<size_t> instance_sb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_sb_x(),
                                            rr_gsb.get_sb_y());
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_gsb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());

  /* If we use compact routing hierarchy, we should find the unique module of
   * CB, which is added to the top module */
  if (true == compact_routing_hierarchy) {
    vtr::Point<size_t> gsb_coord(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());
    const RRGSB& unique_mirror = device_rr_gsb.get_sb_unique_module(gsb_coord);
    module_gsb_coordinate.set_x(unique_mirror.get_x());
    module_gsb_coordinate.set_y(unique_mirror.get_y());
  }

  /* This is the source cb that is added to the top module */
  const RRGSB& module_sb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(module_gsb_coordinate);
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_sb_coordinate(module_sb.get_sb_x(),
                                          module_sb.get_sb_y());

  /* Collect sink-related information */
  std::string sink_sb_module_name =
    generate_switch_block_module_name(module_sb_coordinate);
  ModuleId sink_sb_module = module_manager.find_module(sink_sb_module_name);
  VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(sink_sb_module));
  size_t sink_sb_instance =
    sb_instance_ids[instance_sb_coordinate.x()][instance_sb_coordinate.y()];

  /* Create a truth table for the postfix to be used regarding to the different
   * side of switch blocks */
  std::map<e_side, bool> sb_side2postfix_map;
  /* Boolean variable "true" indicates the upper postfix in naming functions
   * Boolean variable "false" indicates the lower postfix in naming functions
   */
  sb_side2postfix_map[TOP] = false;
  sb_side2postfix_map[RIGHT] = true;
  sb_side2postfix_map[BOTTOM] = true;
  sb_side2postfix_map[LEFT] = false;

  /* Connect grid output pins (OPIN) to switch block grid pins */
  for (size_t side = 0; side < module_sb.get_num_sides(); ++side) {
    SideManager side_manager(side);
    for (size_t inode = 0;
         inode < module_sb.get_num_opin_nodes(side_manager.get_side());
         ++inode) {
      /* Collect source-related information */
      /* Generate the grid module name by considering if it locates on the
       * border */
      vtr::Point<size_t> grid_coordinate(
        rr_graph.node_xlow(
          rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        rr_graph.node_ylow(
          rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)));
      std::string src_grid_module_name =
        generate_grid_block_module_name_in_top_module(
          std::string(GRID_MODULE_NAME_PREFIX), grids, grid_coordinate);
      ModuleId src_grid_module =
        module_manager.find_module(src_grid_module_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(src_grid_module));
      size_t src_grid_instance =
        grid_instance_ids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()];
      size_t src_grid_pin_index = rr_graph.node_pin_num(
        rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode));

      t_physical_tile_type_ptr grid_type_descriptor =
        grids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()].type;
      size_t src_grid_pin_width =
        grid_type_descriptor->pin_width_offset[src_grid_pin_index];
      size_t src_grid_pin_height =
        grid_type_descriptor->pin_height_offset[src_grid_pin_index];

      BasicPort src_grid_pin_info =
        vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_port_info(grid_type_descriptor,
                                                          src_grid_pin_index);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == src_grid_pin_info.is_valid());
      int subtile_index = vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_subtile_index(
        grid_type_descriptor, src_grid_pin_index);
      VTR_ASSERT(OPEN != subtile_index &&
                 subtile_index < grid_type_descriptor->capacity);

      /* Pins for direct connection are NOT duplicated.
       * Follow the traditional recipe when adding nets!
       * Xifan: I assume that each direct connection pin must have Fc=0.
       * For other duplicated pins, we follow the new naming
       */
      std::string src_grid_port_name;
      if (0. ==
          find_physical_tile_pin_Fc(grid_type_descriptor, src_grid_pin_index)) {
        src_grid_port_name = generate_grid_port_name(
          src_grid_pin_width, src_grid_pin_height, subtile_index,
          get_rr_graph_single_node_side(
            rr_graph, rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
          src_grid_pin_info);
      } else {
        src_grid_port_name = generate_grid_duplicated_port_name(
          src_grid_pin_width, src_grid_pin_height, subtile_index,
          get_rr_graph_single_node_side(
            rr_graph, rr_gsb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
          src_grid_pin_info, sb_side2postfix_map[side_manager.get_side()]);
      }
      ModulePortId src_grid_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(src_grid_module, src_grid_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(src_grid_module,
                                                             src_grid_port_id));
      BasicPort src_grid_port =
        module_manager.module_port(src_grid_module, src_grid_port_id);

      /* Collect sink-related information */
      vtr::Point<size_t> sink_sb_port_coord(
        rr_graph.node_xlow(
          module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        rr_graph.node_ylow(
          module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)));
      std::string sink_sb_port_name = generate_sb_module_grid_port_name(
        side_manager.get_side(),
        get_rr_graph_single_node_side(
          rr_graph, module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode)),
        grids, vpr_device_annotation, rr_graph,
        module_sb.get_opin_node(side_manager.get_side(), inode));
      ModulePortId sink_sb_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(sink_sb_module, sink_sb_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(sink_sb_module,
                                                             sink_sb_port_id));
      BasicPort sink_sb_port =
        module_manager.module_port(sink_sb_module, sink_sb_port_id);

      /* Source and sink port should match in size */
      VTR_ASSERT(src_grid_port.get_width() == sink_sb_port.get_width());

      /* Create a net for each pin */
      for (size_t pin_id = 0; pin_id < src_grid_port.pins().size(); ++pin_id) {
        ModuleNetId net = create_module_source_pin_net(
          module_manager, top_module, src_grid_module, src_grid_instance,
          src_grid_port_id, src_grid_port.pins()[pin_id]);
        /* Configure the net sink */
        module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, sink_sb_module,
                                           sink_sb_instance, sink_sb_port_id,
                                           sink_sb_port.pins()[pin_id]);
      }
    }
  }
}

/********************************************************************
 * This function will create nets for the connections
 * between grid input pins and connection blocks
 * In this case, the net source is the connection block pin,
 * while the net sink is the grid input
 *
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *    |            |      |                  |      |            |
 *    |    Grid    |<-----| Connection Block |----->|    Grid    |
 *    |  [x][y+1]  |      |  Y-direction     |      | [x+1][y+1] |
 *    |            |      |    [x][y+1]      |      |            |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *          ^
 *          |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+
 *    | Connection |      |                  |
 *    |    Block   |      |  Switch Block    |
 *    | X-direction|      |      [x][y]      |
 *    |   [x][y]   |      |                  |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+
 *          |
 *          v
 *    +------------+
 *    |            |
 *    |    Grid    |
 *    |   [x][y]   |
 *    |            |
 *    +------------+
 *
 *
 *    Relationship between source connection block and its unique module
 *    Take an example of a CBY
 *
 *    grid_pin name should follow unique module of Grid[x][y+1]
 *    cb_pin name should follow unique module of CBY[x][y+1]
 *
 *    However, instace id should follow the origin Grid and Connection block
 *
 *
 *    +------------+             +------------------+
 *    |            |             |                  |
 *    |    Grid    |<------------| Connection Block |
 *    |  [x][y+1]  |             |  Y-direction     |
 *    |            |             |    [x][y+1]      |
 *    +------------+             +------------------+
 *                                         ^
 *                                        || unique mirror
 *    +------------+             +------------------+
 *    |            |             |                  |
 *    |    Grid    |<------------| Connection Block |
 *    |  [i][j+1]  |             |  Y-direction     |
 *    |            |             |    [i][j+1]      |
 *    +------------+             +------------------+
 *
 *******************************************************************/
static void add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_cb(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids, const RRGraphView& rr_graph,
  const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb, const RRGSB& rr_gsb,
  const t_rr_type& cb_type, const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& cb_instance_ids,
  const bool& compact_routing_hierarchy) {
  /* We could have two different coordinators, one is the instance, the other is
   * the module */
  vtr::Point<size_t> instance_cb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_cb_x(cb_type),
                                            rr_gsb.get_cb_y(cb_type));
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_gsb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());

  /* Skip those Connection blocks that do not exist */
  if (false == rr_gsb.is_cb_exist(cb_type)) {
    return;
  }

  /* Skip if the cb does not contain any configuration bits! */
  if (true == connection_block_contain_only_routing_tracks(rr_gsb, cb_type)) {
    return;
  }

  /* If we use compact routing hierarchy, we should find the unique module of
   * CB, which is added to the top module */
  if (true == compact_routing_hierarchy) {
    vtr::Point<size_t> gsb_coord(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());
    const RRGSB& unique_mirror =
      device_rr_gsb.get_cb_unique_module(cb_type, gsb_coord);
    module_gsb_coordinate.set_x(unique_mirror.get_x());
    module_gsb_coordinate.set_y(unique_mirror.get_y());
  }

  /* This is the source cb that is added to the top module */
  const RRGSB& module_cb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(module_gsb_coordinate);
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_cb_coordinate(module_cb.get_cb_x(cb_type),
                                          module_cb.get_cb_y(cb_type));

  /* Collect source-related information */
  std::string src_cb_module_name =
    generate_connection_block_module_name(cb_type, module_cb_coordinate);
  ModuleId src_cb_module = module_manager.find_module(src_cb_module_name);
  VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(src_cb_module));
  /* Instance id should follow the instance cb coordinate */
  size_t src_cb_instance =
    cb_instance_ids[instance_cb_coordinate.x()][instance_cb_coordinate.y()];

  /* Iterate over the output pins of the Connection Block */
  std::vector<enum e_side> cb_ipin_sides = module_cb.get_cb_ipin_sides(cb_type);
  for (size_t iside = 0; iside < cb_ipin_sides.size(); ++iside) {
    enum e_side cb_ipin_side = cb_ipin_sides[iside];
    for (size_t inode = 0; inode < module_cb.get_num_ipin_nodes(cb_ipin_side);
         ++inode) {
      /* Collect source-related information */
      RRNodeId module_ipin_node = module_cb.get_ipin_node(cb_ipin_side, inode);
      vtr::Point<size_t> cb_src_port_coord(
        rr_graph.node_xlow(module_ipin_node),
        rr_graph.node_ylow(module_ipin_node));
      std::string src_cb_port_name = generate_cb_module_grid_port_name(
        cb_ipin_side, grids, vpr_device_annotation, rr_graph, module_ipin_node);
      ModulePortId src_cb_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(src_cb_module, src_cb_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(src_cb_module,
                                                             src_cb_port_id));
      BasicPort src_cb_port =
        module_manager.module_port(src_cb_module, src_cb_port_id);

      /* Collect sink-related information */
      /* Note that we use the instance cb pin here!!!
       * because it has the correct coordinator for the grid!!!
       */
      RRNodeId instance_ipin_node = rr_gsb.get_ipin_node(cb_ipin_side, inode);
      vtr::Point<size_t> grid_coordinate(
        rr_graph.node_xlow(instance_ipin_node),
        rr_graph.node_ylow(instance_ipin_node));
      std::string sink_grid_module_name =
        generate_grid_block_module_name_in_top_module(
          std::string(GRID_MODULE_NAME_PREFIX), grids, grid_coordinate);
      ModuleId sink_grid_module =
        module_manager.find_module(sink_grid_module_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(sink_grid_module));
      size_t sink_grid_instance =
        grid_instance_ids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()];
      size_t sink_grid_pin_index = rr_graph.node_pin_num(instance_ipin_node);

      t_physical_tile_type_ptr grid_type_descriptor =
        grids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()].type;
      size_t sink_grid_pin_width =
        grid_type_descriptor->pin_width_offset[sink_grid_pin_index];
      size_t sink_grid_pin_height =
        grid_type_descriptor->pin_height_offset[sink_grid_pin_index];
      BasicPort sink_grid_pin_info =
        vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_port_info(grid_type_descriptor,
                                                          sink_grid_pin_index);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == sink_grid_pin_info.is_valid());
      int subtile_index = vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_subtile_index(
        grid_type_descriptor, sink_grid_pin_index);
      VTR_ASSERT(OPEN != subtile_index &&
                 subtile_index < grid_type_descriptor->capacity);
      std::string sink_grid_port_name = generate_grid_port_name(
        sink_grid_pin_width, sink_grid_pin_height, subtile_index,
        get_rr_graph_single_node_side(
          rr_graph, rr_gsb.get_ipin_node(cb_ipin_side, inode)),
        sink_grid_pin_info);
      ModulePortId sink_grid_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(sink_grid_module, sink_grid_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(
                           sink_grid_module, sink_grid_port_id));
      BasicPort sink_grid_port =
        module_manager.module_port(sink_grid_module, sink_grid_port_id);

      /* Source and sink port should match in size */
      VTR_ASSERT(src_cb_port.get_width() == sink_grid_port.get_width());

      /* Create a net for each pin */
      for (size_t pin_id = 0; pin_id < src_cb_port.pins().size(); ++pin_id) {
        ModuleNetId net = create_module_source_pin_net(
          module_manager, top_module, src_cb_module, src_cb_instance,
          src_cb_port_id, src_cb_port.pins()[pin_id]);
        /* Configure the net sink */
        module_manager.add_module_net_sink(
          top_module, net, sink_grid_module, sink_grid_instance,
          sink_grid_port_id, sink_grid_port.pins()[pin_id]);
      }
    }
  }
}

/********************************************************************
 * This function will create nets for the connections
 * between connection block and switch block pins
 * Two cases should be considered:
 * a. The switch block pin denotes an input of a routing track
 * The net source is an output of a routing track of connection block
 * while the net sink is an input of a routing track of switch block
 * b. The switch block pin denotes an output of a routing track
 * The net source is an output of routing track of switch block
 * while the net sink is an input of a routing track of connection block
 *
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *    |            |      |                  |      |            |
 *    |    Grid    |      | Connection Block |      |    Grid    |
 *    |  [x][y+1]  |      |  Y-direction     |      | [x+1][y+1] |
 *    |            |      |    [x][y+1]      |      |            |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *                             |       ^
 *                             v       |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *    | Connection |----->|                  |----->| Connection |
 *    |    Block   |      |  Switch Block    |      |  Block     |
 *    | X-direction|<-----|      [x][y]      |<-----| X-direction|
 *    |   [x][y]   |      |                  |      | [x+1][y]   |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *                            |        ^
 *                            v        |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *    |            |      |                  |      |            |
 *    |    Grid    |      | Connection Block |      |    Grid    |
 *    |   [x][y]   |      |   Y-direction    |      |  [x][y+1]  |
 *    |            |      |    [x][y]        |      |            |
 *    +------------+      +------------------+      +------------+
 *
 * Here, to achieve the purpose, we can simply iterate over the
 * four sides of switch block and make connections to adjancent
 * connection blocks
 *
 *******************************************************************/
static void add_top_module_nets_connect_sb_and_cb(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const RRGraphView& rr_graph, const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb,
  const RRGSB& rr_gsb, const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& sb_instance_ids,
  const std::map<t_rr_type, vtr::Matrix<size_t>>& cb_instance_ids,
  const bool& compact_routing_hierarchy) {
  /* We could have two different coordinators, one is the instance, the other is
   * the module */
  vtr::Point<size_t> instance_sb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_sb_x(),
                                            rr_gsb.get_sb_y());
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_gsb_sb_coordinate(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());

  /* Skip those Switch blocks that do not exist */
  if (false == rr_gsb.is_sb_exist()) {
    return;
  }

  /* If we use compact routing hierarchy, we should find the unique module of
   * CB, which is added to the top module */
  if (true == compact_routing_hierarchy) {
    vtr::Point<size_t> gsb_coord(rr_gsb.get_x(), rr_gsb.get_y());
    const RRGSB& unique_mirror = device_rr_gsb.get_sb_unique_module(gsb_coord);
    module_gsb_sb_coordinate.set_x(unique_mirror.get_x());
    module_gsb_sb_coordinate.set_y(unique_mirror.get_y());
  }

  /* This is the source cb that is added to the top module */
  const RRGSB& module_sb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(module_gsb_sb_coordinate);
  vtr::Point<size_t> module_sb_coordinate(module_sb.get_sb_x(),
                                          module_sb.get_sb_y());
  std::string sb_module_name =
    generate_switch_block_module_name(module_sb_coordinate);
  ModuleId sb_module_id = module_manager.find_module(sb_module_name);
  VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(sb_module_id));
  size_t sb_instance =
    sb_instance_ids[instance_sb_coordinate.x()][instance_sb_coordinate.y()];

  /* Connect grid output pins (OPIN) to switch block grid pins */
  for (size_t side = 0; side < module_sb.get_num_sides(); ++side) {
    SideManager side_manager(side);
    /* Iterate over the routing tracks on this side */
    /* Early skip: if there is no routing tracks at this side */
    if (0 == module_sb.get_chan_width(side_manager.get_side())) {
      continue;
    }
    /* Find the Connection Block module */
    /* We find the original connection block and then spot its unique mirror!
     * Do NOT use module_sb here!!!
     */
    t_rr_type cb_type =
      find_top_module_cb_type_by_sb_side(side_manager.get_side());
    vtr::Point<size_t> instance_gsb_cb_coordinate =
      find_top_module_gsb_coordinate_by_sb_side(rr_gsb,
                                                side_manager.get_side());
    vtr::Point<size_t> module_gsb_cb_coordinate =
      find_top_module_gsb_coordinate_by_sb_side(rr_gsb,
                                                side_manager.get_side());

    /* Skip those Connection blocks that do not exist:
     * 1. The CB does not exist in the device level! We should skip!
     * 2. The CB does exist but we need to make sure if the GSB includes such
     * CBs For TOP and LEFT side, check the existence using RRGSB method
     * is_cb_exist() FOr RIGHT and BOTTOM side, find the adjacent RRGSB and then
     * use is_cb_exist()
     */
    if (TOP == side_manager.get_side() || LEFT == side_manager.get_side()) {
      if (false == rr_gsb.is_cb_exist(cb_type)) {
        continue;
      }
    }

    if (RIGHT == side_manager.get_side() || BOTTOM == side_manager.get_side()) {
      const RRGSB& adjacent_gsb =
        device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(module_gsb_cb_coordinate);
      if (false == adjacent_gsb.is_cb_exist(cb_type)) {
        continue;
      }
    }

    /* If we use compact routing hierarchy, we should find the unique module of
     * CB, which is added to the top module */
    if (true == compact_routing_hierarchy) {
      const RRGSB& unique_mirror =
        device_rr_gsb.get_cb_unique_module(cb_type, module_gsb_cb_coordinate);
      module_gsb_cb_coordinate.set_x(unique_mirror.get_x());
      module_gsb_cb_coordinate.set_y(unique_mirror.get_y());
    }

    const RRGSB& module_cb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(module_gsb_cb_coordinate);
    vtr::Point<size_t> module_cb_coordinate(module_cb.get_cb_x(cb_type),
                                            module_cb.get_cb_y(cb_type));
    std::string cb_module_name =
      generate_connection_block_module_name(cb_type, module_cb_coordinate);
    ModuleId cb_module_id = module_manager.find_module(cb_module_name);
    VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(cb_module_id));
    const RRGSB& instance_cb =
      device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(instance_gsb_cb_coordinate);
    vtr::Point<size_t> instance_cb_coordinate(instance_cb.get_cb_x(cb_type),
                                              instance_cb.get_cb_y(cb_type));
    size_t cb_instance = cb_instance_ids.at(
      cb_type)[instance_cb_coordinate.x()][instance_cb_coordinate.y()];

    for (size_t itrack = 0;
         itrack < module_sb.get_chan_width(side_manager.get_side()); ++itrack) {
      std::string sb_port_name = generate_sb_module_track_port_name(
        rr_graph.node_type(
          module_sb.get_chan_node(side_manager.get_side(), itrack)),
        side_manager.get_side(),
        module_sb.get_chan_node_direction(side_manager.get_side(), itrack));
      /* Prepare SB-related port information */
      ModulePortId sb_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(sb_module_id, sb_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true ==
                 module_manager.valid_module_port_id(sb_module_id, sb_port_id));
      BasicPort sb_port = module_manager.module_port(sb_module_id, sb_port_id);

      /* Prepare CB-related port information */
      PORTS cb_port_direction = OUT_PORT;
      /* The cb port direction should be opposite to the sb port !!! */
      if (OUT_PORT ==
          module_sb.get_chan_node_direction(side_manager.get_side(), itrack)) {
        cb_port_direction = IN_PORT;
      } else {
        VTR_ASSERT(IN_PORT == module_sb.get_chan_node_direction(
                                side_manager.get_side(), itrack));
      }

      /* Upper CB port is required if the routing tracks are on the top or right
       * sides of the switch block, which indicated bottom and left sides of the
       * connection blocks
       */
      bool use_cb_upper_port =
        (TOP == side_manager.get_side()) || (RIGHT == side_manager.get_side());
      std::string cb_port_name = generate_cb_module_track_port_name(
        cb_type, cb_port_direction, use_cb_upper_port);
      ModulePortId cb_port_id =
        module_manager.find_module_port(cb_module_id, cb_port_name);
      VTR_ASSERT(true ==
                 module_manager.valid_module_port_id(cb_module_id, cb_port_id));
      BasicPort cb_port = module_manager.module_port(cb_module_id, cb_port_id);

      /* Configure the net source and sink:
       * If sb port is an output (source), cb port is an input (sink)
       * If sb port is an input (sink), cb port is an output (source)
       */
      if (OUT_PORT ==
          module_sb.get_chan_node_direction(side_manager.get_side(), itrack)) {
        ModuleNetId net =
          create_module_source_pin_net(module_manager, top_module, sb_module_id,
                                       sb_instance, sb_port_id, itrack / 2);
        module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, cb_module_id,
                                           cb_instance, cb_port_id, itrack / 2);
      } else {
        VTR_ASSERT(IN_PORT == module_sb.get_chan_node_direction(
                                side_manager.get_side(), itrack));
        ModuleNetId net =
          create_module_source_pin_net(module_manager, top_module, cb_module_id,
                                       cb_instance, cb_port_id, itrack / 2);
        module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, sb_module_id,
                                           sb_instance, sb_port_id, itrack / 2);
      }
    }
  }
}

/********************************************************************
 * Add module nets to connect the grid ports/pins to Connection Blocks
 * and Switch Blocks
 * To make it easy, this function will iterate over all the General
 * Switch Blocks (GSBs), through which we can obtain the coordinates
 * of all the grids, connection blocks and switch blocks that are
 * supposed to be connected tightly.
 *
 * As such, we have completed all the connection for each grid.
 * There is no need to iterate over the grids
 *
 * +-------------------------+   +---------------------------------+
 * |                         |   |          Y-direction CB         |
 * |       Grid[x][y+1]      |   |              [x][y + 1]         |
 * |                         |   +---------------------------------+
 * +-------------------------+
 *                                          TOP SIDE
 *  +-------------+              +---------------------------------+
 *  |             |              | OPIN_NODE CHAN_NODES OPIN_NODES |
 *  |             |              |                                 |
 *  |             |              | OPIN_NODES           OPIN_NODES |
 *  | X-direction |              |                                 |
 *  |      CB     |  LEFT SIDE   |        Switch Block             |  RIGHT SIDE
 *  |   [x][y]    |              |              [x][y]             |
 *  |             |              |                                 |
 *  |             |              | CHAN_NODES           CHAN_NODES |
 *  |             |              |                                 |
 *  |             |              | OPIN_NODES           OPIN_NODES |
 *  |             |              |                                 |
 *  |             |              | OPIN_NODE CHAN_NODES OPIN_NODES |
 *  +-------------+              +---------------------------------+
 *                                             BOTTOM SIDE
 *******************************************************************/
void add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_gsbs(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids, const RRGraphView& rr_graph,
  const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb, const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& sb_instance_ids,
  const std::map<t_rr_type, vtr::Matrix<size_t>>& cb_instance_ids,
  const bool& compact_routing_hierarchy, const bool& duplicate_grid_pin) {
  vtr::ScopedStartFinishTimer timer("Add module nets between grids and GSBs");

  vtr::Point<size_t> gsb_range = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb_range();

  for (size_t ix = 0; ix < gsb_range.x(); ++ix) {
    for (size_t iy = 0; iy < gsb_range.y(); ++iy) {
      vtr::Point<size_t> gsb_coordinate(ix, iy);
      const RRGSB& rr_gsb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb(ix, iy);

      /* Connect the grid pins of the GSB to adjacent grids */
      if (false == duplicate_grid_pin) {
        add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_sb(
          module_manager, top_module, vpr_device_annotation, grids,
          grid_instance_ids, rr_graph, device_rr_gsb, rr_gsb, sb_instance_ids,
          compact_routing_hierarchy);
      } else {
        VTR_ASSERT_SAFE(true == duplicate_grid_pin);
        add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_sb_with_duplicated_pins(
          module_manager, top_module, vpr_device_annotation, grids,
          grid_instance_ids, rr_graph, device_rr_gsb, rr_gsb, sb_instance_ids,
          compact_routing_hierarchy);
      }

      add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_cb(
        module_manager, top_module, vpr_device_annotation, grids,
        grid_instance_ids, rr_graph, device_rr_gsb, rr_gsb, CHANX,
        cb_instance_ids.at(CHANX), compact_routing_hierarchy);

      add_top_module_nets_connect_grids_and_cb(
        module_manager, top_module, vpr_device_annotation, grids,
        grid_instance_ids, rr_graph, device_rr_gsb, rr_gsb, CHANY,
        cb_instance_ids.at(CHANY), compact_routing_hierarchy);

      add_top_module_nets_connect_sb_and_cb(
        module_manager, top_module, rr_graph, device_rr_gsb, rr_gsb,
        sb_instance_ids, cb_instance_ids, compact_routing_hierarchy);
    }
  }
}

/********************************************************************
 * Add global port connection for a given port of a physical tile
 * that are defined as global in tile annotation
 *******************************************************************/
static int build_top_module_global_net_for_given_grid_module(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const ModulePortId& top_module_port, const TileAnnotation& tile_annotation,
  const TileGlobalPortId& tile_global_port,
  const BasicPort& tile_port_to_connect,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const vtr::Point<size_t>& grid_coordinate, const e_side& border_side,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids) {
  t_physical_tile_type_ptr physical_tile =
    grids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()].type;
  /* Find the module name for this type of grid */
  std::string grid_module_name_prefix(GRID_MODULE_NAME_PREFIX);
  std::string grid_module_name = generate_grid_block_module_name(
    grid_module_name_prefix, std::string(physical_tile->name),
    is_io_type(physical_tile), border_side);
  ModuleId grid_module = module_manager.find_module(grid_module_name);
  VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_id(grid_module));
  size_t grid_instance =
    grid_instance_ids[grid_coordinate.x()][grid_coordinate.y()];
  /* Find the source port at the top-level module */
  BasicPort src_port = module_manager.module_port(top_module, top_module_port);

  /* Walk through each instance considering the unique sub tile and capacity
   * range, each instance may have an independent pin to be driven by a global
   * net! */
  for (const t_sub_tile& sub_tile : physical_tile->sub_tiles) {
    VTR_ASSERT(1 == sub_tile.equivalent_sites.size());
    int grid_pin_start_index = physical_tile->num_pins;
    t_physical_tile_port physical_tile_port;
    physical_tile_port.num_pins = 0;

    /* Count the total number of pins for this type of sub tile */
    int sub_tile_num_pins = sub_tile.num_phy_pins / sub_tile.capacity.total();

    /* For each instance of the same sub tile type, find the port of the grid
     * module according to the tile annotation A tile may consist of multiple
     * subtile, connect to all the pins from sub tiles */
    for (int subtile_index = sub_tile.capacity.low;
         subtile_index <= sub_tile.capacity.high; subtile_index++) {
      for (const t_physical_tile_port& tile_port : sub_tile.ports) {
        if (std::string(tile_port.name) == tile_port_to_connect.get_name()) {
          BasicPort ref_tile_port(tile_port.name, tile_port.num_pins);
          /* Port size must match!!! */
          if (false == ref_tile_port.contained(tile_port_to_connect)) {
            VTR_LOG_ERROR(
              "Tile annotation '%s' port '%s[%lu:%lu]' is out of the range of "
              "physical tile port '%s[%lu:%lu]'!",
              tile_annotation.global_port_name(tile_global_port).c_str(),
              tile_port_to_connect.get_name().c_str(),
              tile_port_to_connect.get_lsb(), tile_port_to_connect.get_msb(),
              ref_tile_port.get_name().c_str(), ref_tile_port.get_lsb(),
              ref_tile_port.get_msb());
            return CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR;
          }
          grid_pin_start_index =
            (subtile_index - sub_tile.capacity.low) * sub_tile_num_pins +
            tile_port.absolute_first_pin_index;
          physical_tile_port = tile_port;
          break;
        }
      }
      /* Ensure the pin index is valid */
      VTR_ASSERT(grid_pin_start_index < physical_tile->num_pins);
      /* Ensure port width is in range */
      VTR_ASSERT(src_port.get_width() == tile_port_to_connect.get_width());

      /* Create a pin id mapping between the source port (top module) and the
       * sink port (grid module) */
      std::map<size_t, size_t> sink2src_pin_map;
      for (size_t ipin = 0; ipin < tile_port_to_connect.get_width(); ++ipin) {
        size_t sink_pin = tile_port_to_connect.pins()[ipin];
        size_t src_pin = src_port.pins()[ipin];
        sink2src_pin_map[sink_pin] = src_pin;
      }

      /* Create the connections */
      for (size_t pin_id = tile_port_to_connect.get_lsb();
           pin_id < tile_port_to_connect.get_msb() + 1; ++pin_id) {
        int grid_pin_index = grid_pin_start_index + pin_id;
        /* Find the module pin */
        size_t grid_pin_width = physical_tile->pin_width_offset[grid_pin_index];
        size_t grid_pin_height =
          physical_tile->pin_height_offset[grid_pin_index];
        std::vector<e_side> pin_sides = find_physical_tile_pin_side(
          physical_tile, grid_pin_index, border_side);

        BasicPort grid_pin_info =
          vpr_device_annotation.physical_tile_pin_port_info(physical_tile,
                                                            grid_pin_index);
        VTR_ASSERT(true == grid_pin_info.is_valid());

        /* Build nets */
        for (const e_side& pin_side : pin_sides) {
          std::string grid_port_name =
            generate_grid_port_name(grid_pin_width, grid_pin_height,
                                    subtile_index, pin_side, grid_pin_info);
          ModulePortId grid_port_id =
            module_manager.find_module_port(grid_module, grid_port_name);
          VTR_ASSERT(true == module_manager.valid_module_port_id(grid_module,
                                                                 grid_port_id));

          VTR_ASSERT(
            1 ==
            module_manager.module_port(grid_module, grid_port_id).get_width());

          ModuleNetId net = create_module_source_pin_net(
            module_manager, top_module, top_module, 0, top_module_port,
            src_port.pins()[sink2src_pin_map[pin_id]]);
          VTR_ASSERT(ModuleNetId::INVALID() != net);

          /* Configure the net sink */
          BasicPort sink_port =
            module_manager.module_port(grid_module, grid_port_id);
          module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, grid_module,
                                             grid_instance, grid_port_id,
                                             sink_port.pins()[0]);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return CMD_EXEC_SUCCESS;
}

/********************************************************************
 * Add nets between a global port and its sinks at each grid modules
 *******************************************************************/
static int build_top_module_global_net_from_grid_modules(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const ModulePortId& top_module_port, const TileAnnotation& tile_annotation,
  const TileGlobalPortId& tile_global_port,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids) {
  int status = CMD_EXEC_SUCCESS;

  std::map<e_side, std::vector<vtr::Point<size_t>>> io_coordinates =
    generate_perimeter_grid_coordinates(grids);

  for (size_t tile_info_id = 0;
       tile_info_id <
       tile_annotation.global_port_tile_names(tile_global_port).size();
       ++tile_info_id) {
    std::string tile_name =
      tile_annotation.global_port_tile_names(tile_global_port)[tile_info_id];
    BasicPort tile_port =
      tile_annotation.global_port_tile_ports(tile_global_port)[tile_info_id];
    /* Find the coordinates for the wanted tiles */
    vtr::Point<size_t> start_coord(1, 1);
    vtr::Point<size_t> end_coord(grids.width() - 1, grids.height() - 1);
    vtr::Point<size_t> range = tile_annotation.global_port_tile_coordinates(
      tile_global_port)[tile_info_id];
    bool out_of_range = false;

    /* -1 means all the x should be considered */
    if (size_t(-1) != range.x()) {
      if ((range.x() < start_coord.x()) || (range.x() > end_coord.x())) {
        out_of_range = true;
      } else {
        /* Set the range */
        start_coord.set_x(range.x());
        end_coord.set_x(range.x());
      }
    }

    /* -1 means all the y should be considered */
    if (size_t(-1) != range.y()) {
      if ((range.y() < start_coord.y()) || (range.y() > end_coord.y())) {
        out_of_range = true;
      } else {
        /* Set the range */
        start_coord.set_y(range.y());
        end_coord.set_y(range.y());
      }
    }

    /* Error out immediately if the coordinate is not valid! */
    if (true == out_of_range) {
      VTR_LOG_ERROR(
        "Coordinate (%lu, %lu) in tile annotation for tile '%s' is out of "
        "range (%lu:%lu, %lu:%lu)!",
        range.x(), range.y(), tile_name.c_str(), start_coord.x(), end_coord.x(),
        start_coord.y(), end_coord.y());
      return CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR;
    }

    /* Spot the port from child modules from core grids */
    for (size_t ix = start_coord.x(); ix < end_coord.x(); ++ix) {
      for (size_t iy = start_coord.y(); iy < end_coord.y(); ++iy) {
        /* Bypass EMPTY tiles */
        if (true == is_empty_type(grids[ix][iy].type)) {
          continue;
        }
        /* Skip width or height > 1 tiles (mostly heterogeneous blocks) */
        if ((0 < grids[ix][iy].width_offset) ||
            (0 < grids[ix][iy].height_offset)) {
          continue;
        }

        /* Bypass the tiles whose names do not match */
        if (std::string(grids[ix][iy].type->name) != tile_name) {
          continue;
        }

        /* Create nets and finish connection build-up */
        status = build_top_module_global_net_for_given_grid_module(
          module_manager, top_module, top_module_port, tile_annotation,
          tile_global_port, tile_port, vpr_device_annotation, grids,
          vtr::Point<size_t>(ix, iy), NUM_SIDES, grid_instance_ids);
        if (CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR == status) {
          return status;
        }
      }
    }

    /* Walk through all the grids on the perimeter, which are I/O grids */
    for (const e_side& io_side : FPGA_SIDES_CLOCKWISE) {
      for (const vtr::Point<size_t>& io_coordinate : io_coordinates[io_side]) {
        /* Bypass EMPTY grid */
        if (true ==
            is_empty_type(grids[io_coordinate.x()][io_coordinate.y()].type)) {
          continue;
        }

        /* Skip width or height > 1 tiles (mostly heterogeneous blocks) */
        if ((0 < grids[io_coordinate.x()][io_coordinate.y()].width_offset) ||
            (0 < grids[io_coordinate.x()][io_coordinate.y()].height_offset)) {
          continue;
        }

        /* Bypass the tiles whose names do not match */
        if (std::string(
              grids[io_coordinate.x()][io_coordinate.y()].type->name) !=
            tile_name) {
          continue;
        }

        /* Check if the coordinate satisfy the tile coordinate defintion
         * - Bypass if the x is a specific number (!= -1), and io_coordinate
         * is different
         * - Bypass if the y is a specific number (!= -1), and io_coordinate
         * is different
         */
        if ((size_t(-1) != range.x()) && (range.x() != io_coordinate.x())) {
          continue;
        }
        if ((size_t(-1) != range.y()) && (range.y() != io_coordinate.y())) {
          continue;
        }

        /* Create nets and finish connection build-up */
        status = build_top_module_global_net_for_given_grid_module(
          module_manager, top_module, top_module_port, tile_annotation,
          tile_global_port, tile_port, vpr_device_annotation, grids,
          io_coordinate, io_side, grid_instance_ids);
        if (CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR == status) {
          return status;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return status;
}

/********************************************************************
 * Add nets between a global port and its sinks at an entry point of clock tree
 *******************************************************************/
static int build_top_module_global_net_from_clock_arch_tree(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const ModulePortId& top_module_port, const RRGraphView& rr_graph,
  const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb,
  const std::map<t_rr_type, vtr::Matrix<size_t>>& cb_instance_ids,
  const ClockNetwork& clk_ntwk, const std::string& clk_tree_name,
  const RRClockSpatialLookup& rr_clock_lookup) {
  int status = CMD_EXEC_SUCCESS;

  /* Ensure the clock arch tree name is valid */
  ClockTreeId clk_tree = clk_ntwk.find_tree(clk_tree_name);
  if (!clk_ntwk.valid_tree_id(clk_tree)) {
    VTR_LOG(
      "Fail to find a matched clock tree '%s' in the clock architecture "
      "definition",
      clk_tree_name.c_str());
    return CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Ensure the clock tree width matches the global port size */
  if (clk_ntwk.tree_width(clk_tree) !=
      module_manager.module_port(top_module, top_module_port).get_width()) {
    VTR_LOG(
      "Clock tree '%s' does not have the same width '%lu' as the port '%'s of "
      "FPGA top module",
      clk_tree_name.c_str(), clk_ntwk.tree_width(clk_tree),
      module_manager.module_port(top_module, top_module_port)
        .get_name()
        .c_str());
    return CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR;
  }

  for (ClockTreePinId pin : clk_ntwk.pins(clk_tree)) {
    BasicPort src_port =
      module_manager.module_port(top_module, top_module_port);
    /* Add the module net */
    ModuleNetId net = create_module_source_pin_net(
      module_manager, top_module, top_module, 0, top_module_port,
      src_port.pins()[size_t(pin)]);
    VTR_ASSERT(ModuleNetId::INVALID() != net);

    for (ClockSpineId spine : clk_ntwk.tree_top_spines(clk_tree)) {
      vtr::Point<int> entry_point = clk_ntwk.spine_start_point(spine);
      Direction entry_dir = clk_ntwk.spine_direction(spine);
      t_rr_type entry_track_type = clk_ntwk.spine_track_type(spine);
      /* Find the routing resource node of the entry point */
      RRNodeId entry_rr_node =
        rr_clock_lookup.find_node(entry_point.x(), entry_point.y(), clk_tree,
                                  clk_ntwk.spine_level(spine), pin, entry_dir);

      /* Get the connection block module and instance at the entry point */
      const RRGSB& rr_gsb = device_rr_gsb.get_gsb_by_cb_coordinate(
        entry_track_type, vtr::Point<size_t>(entry_point.x(), entry_point.y()));
      ModuleId cb_module =
        module_manager.find_module(generate_connection_block_module_name(
          entry_track_type,
          vtr::Point<size_t>(entry_point.x(), entry_point.y())));
      size_t cb_instance =
        cb_instance_ids.at(entry_track_type)[entry_point.x()][entry_point.y()];
      ModulePinInfo des_pin_info = find_connection_block_module_chan_port(
        module_manager, cb_module, rr_graph, rr_gsb, entry_track_type,
        entry_rr_node);

      /* Configure the net sink */
      BasicPort sink_port =
        module_manager.module_port(cb_module, des_pin_info.first);
      module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, cb_module,
                                         cb_instance, des_pin_info.first,
                                         sink_port.pins()[des_pin_info.second]);
    }
  }

  return status;
}

/********************************************************************
 * Add global ports from grid ports that are defined as global in tile
 *annotation
 *******************************************************************/
int add_top_module_global_ports_from_grid_modules(
  ModuleManager& module_manager, const ModuleId& top_module,
  const TileAnnotation& tile_annotation,
  const VprDeviceAnnotation& vpr_device_annotation, const DeviceGrid& grids,
  const RRGraphView& rr_graph, const DeviceRRGSB& device_rr_gsb,
  const std::map<t_rr_type, vtr::Matrix<size_t>>& cb_instance_ids,
  const vtr::Matrix<size_t>& grid_instance_ids, const ClockNetwork& clk_ntwk,
  const RRClockSpatialLookup& rr_clock_lookup) {
  int status = CMD_EXEC_SUCCESS;

  /* Add the global ports which are NOT yet added to the top-level module
   * (in different names than the global ports defined in circuit library
   */
  std::vector<BasicPort> global_ports_to_add;
  for (const TileGlobalPortId& tile_global_port :
       tile_annotation.global_ports()) {
    ModulePortId module_port = module_manager.find_module_port(
      top_module, tile_annotation.global_port_name(tile_global_port));
    /* The global port size is derived from the maximum port size among all the
     * tile port defintion */
    if (ModulePortId::INVALID() == module_port) {
      BasicPort global_port_to_add;
      global_port_to_add.set_name(
        tile_annotation.global_port_name(tile_global_port));
      size_t max_port_size = 0;
      for (const BasicPort& tile_port :
           tile_annotation.global_port_tile_ports(tile_global_port)) {
        max_port_size = std::max(tile_port.get_width(), max_port_size);
      }
      global_port_to_add.set_width(max_port_size);
      global_ports_to_add.push_back(global_port_to_add);
    }
  }

  for (const BasicPort& global_port_to_add : global_ports_to_add) {
    module_manager.add_port(top_module, global_port_to_add,
                            ModuleManager::MODULE_GLOBAL_PORT);
  }

  /* Add module nets */
  for (const TileGlobalPortId& tile_global_port :
       tile_annotation.global_ports()) {
    /* Must found one valid port! */
    ModulePortId top_module_port = module_manager.find_module_port(
      top_module, tile_annotation.global_port_name(tile_global_port));
    VTR_ASSERT(ModulePortId::INVALID() != top_module_port);

    /* There are two cases when building the nets:
     * - If the net will go through a dedicated clock tree network, the net will
     * drive an input of a routing block
     * - If the net will be directly wired to tiles, the net will drive an input
     * of a tile
     */
    if (!tile_annotation.global_port_clock_arch_tree_name(tile_global_port)
           .empty()) {
      status = build_top_module_global_net_from_clock_arch_tree(
        module_manager, top_module, top_module_port, rr_graph, device_rr_gsb,
        cb_instance_ids, clk_ntwk,
        tile_annotation.global_port_clock_arch_tree_name(tile_global_port),
        rr_clock_lookup);
    } else {
      status = build_top_module_global_net_from_grid_modules(
        module_manager, top_module, top_module_port, tile_annotation,
        tile_global_port, vpr_device_annotation, grids, grid_instance_ids);
    }
    if (status == CMD_EXEC_FATAL_ERROR) {
      return status;
    }
  }

  return status;
}

/********************************************************************
 * Build the connection between the programming clock port at the top module and each configurable children
 * Note that each programming clock pin drive one or more configuration regions
 * For example:
 * - pin[0] -> region 0, 1
 * - pin[1] -> region 2, 3
 *******************************************************************/
void add_top_module_nets_prog_clock(ModuleManager& module_manager,
                                    const ModuleId& top_module,
                                    const ModulePortId& src_port,
                                    const ConfigProtocol& config_protocol) {
  BasicPort src_port_info = module_manager.module_port(top_module, src_port);
  for (size_t pin : src_port_info.pins()) {
    /* Create the net */
    ModuleNetId net = create_module_source_pin_net(
      module_manager, top_module, top_module, 0,
      src_port, src_port_info.pins()[pin_id]);
    /* Find all the sink nodes and build the connection one by one */
    for (size_t iregion : config_protocol.prog_clock_port_ccff_head_indices(BasicPort(src_port_info.get_name(), pin, pin))) {
      ConfigRegionId config_region = ConfigRegionId(iregion);
      for (size_t mem_index = 0; mem_index < module_manager
                                               .region_configurable_children(
                                                 top_module, config_region)
                                               .size();
           ++mem_index) {
        ModuleId net_sink_module_id = module_manager.region_configurable_children(
          top_module, config_region)[mem_index];
        size_t net_sink_instance_id =
          module_manager.region_configurable_child_instances(
            top_module, config_region)[mem_index];
        ModulePortId net_sink_port_id =
          module_manager.find_module_port(net_sink_module_id, src_port_info.get_name());
        BasicPort net_sink_port =
          module_manager.module_port(net_sink_module_id, net_sink_port_id);
        VTR_ASSERT(1 == net_sink_port.get_width());
        for (size_t net_sink_pin_id : net_sink_port.pins()) {
          /* Add net sink */
          module_manager.add_module_net_sink(top_module, net, net_sink_module_id,
                                             net_sink_instance_id, net_sink_port_id,
                                             net_sink_port.pins()[net_sink_pin_id])
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

} /* end namespace openfpga */