236 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
236 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
# Rules
|
|
|
|
The `signer` binary contains a ruleset engine, implemented with [OttoVM](https://github.com/robertkrimen/otto)
|
|
|
|
It enables usecases like the following:
|
|
|
|
* I want to auto-approve transactions with contract `CasinoDapp`, with up to `0.05 ether` in value to maximum `1 ether` per 24h period
|
|
* I want to auto-approve transaction to contract `EthAlarmClock` with `data`=`0xdeadbeef`, if `value=0`, `gas < 44k` and `gasPrice < 40Gwei`
|
|
|
|
The two main features that are required for this to work well are;
|
|
|
|
1. Rule Implementation: how to create, manage and interpret rules in a flexible but secure manner
|
|
2. Credential managements and credentials; how to provide auto-unlock without exposing keys unnecessarily.
|
|
|
|
The section below deals with both of them
|
|
|
|
## Rule Implementation
|
|
|
|
A ruleset file is implemented as a `js` file. Under the hood, the ruleset-engine is a `SignerUI`, implementing the same methods as the `json-rpc` methods
|
|
defined in the UI protocol. Example:
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
function asBig(str){
|
|
if(str.slice(0,2) == "0x"){ return new BigNumber(str.slice(2),16)}
|
|
return new BigNumber(str)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Approve transactions to a certain contract if value is below a certain limit
|
|
function ApproveTx(req){
|
|
|
|
var limit = big.Newint("0xb1a2bc2ec50000")
|
|
var value = asBig(req.transaction.value);
|
|
|
|
if(req.transaction.to.toLowerCase()=="0xae967917c465db8578ca9024c205720b1a3651a9")
|
|
&& value.lt(limit) ){
|
|
return "Approve"
|
|
}
|
|
// If we return "Reject", it will be rejected.
|
|
// By not returning anything, it will be passed to the next UI, for manual processing
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//Approve listings if request made from IPC
|
|
function ApproveListing(req){
|
|
if (req.metadata.scheme == "ipc"){ return "Approve"}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Whenever the external API is called (and the ruleset is enabled), the `signer` calls the UI, which is an instance of a ruleset-engine. The ruleset-engine
|
|
invokes the corresponding method. In doing so, there are three possible outcomes:
|
|
|
|
1. JS returns "Approve"
|
|
* Auto-approve request
|
|
2. JS returns "Reject"
|
|
* Auto-reject request
|
|
3. Error occurs, or something else is returned
|
|
* Pass on to `next` ui: the regular UI channel.
|
|
|
|
A more advanced example can be found below, "Example 1: ruleset for a rate-limited window", using `storage` to `Put` and `Get` `string`s by key.
|
|
|
|
* At the time of writing, storage only exists as an ephemeral unencrypted implementation, to be used during testing.
|
|
|
|
### Things to note
|
|
|
|
The Otto vm has a few [caveats](https://github.com/robertkrimen/otto):
|
|
|
|
* "use strict" will parse, but does nothing.
|
|
* The regular expression engine (re2/regexp) is not fully compatible with the ECMA5 specification.
|
|
* Otto targets ES5. ES6 features (eg: Typed Arrays) are not supported.
|
|
|
|
Additionally, a few more have been added
|
|
|
|
* The rule execution cannot load external javascript files.
|
|
* The only preloaded libary is [`bignumber.js`](https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js) version `2.0.3`. This one is fairly old, and is not aligned with the documentation at the github repository.
|
|
* Each invocation is made in a fresh virtual machine. This means that you cannot store data in global variables between invocations. This is a deliberate choice -- if you want to store data, use the disk-backed `storage`, since rules should not rely on ephemeral data.
|
|
* Javascript API parameters are _always_ an object. This is also a design choice, to ensure that parameters are accessed by _key_ and not by order. This is to prevent mistakes due to missing parameters or parameter changes.
|
|
* The JS engine has access to `storage` and `console`.
|
|
|
|
#### Security considerations
|
|
|
|
##### Security of ruleset
|
|
|
|
Some security precautions can be made, such as:
|
|
|
|
* Never load `ruleset.js` unless the file is `readonly` (`r-??-??-?`). If the user wishes to modify the ruleset, he must make it writeable and then set back to readonly.
|
|
* This is to prevent attacks where files are dropped on the users disk.
|
|
* Since we're going to have to have some form of secure storage (not defined in this section), we could also store the `sha3` of the `ruleset.js` file in there.
|
|
* If the user wishes to modify the ruleset, he'd then have to perform e.g. `signer --attest /path/to/ruleset --credential <creds>`
|
|
|
|
##### Security of implementation
|
|
|
|
The drawbacks of this very flexible solution is that the `signer` needs to contain a javascript engine. This is pretty simple to implement, since it's already
|
|
implemented for `geth`. There are no known security vulnerabilities in, nor have we had any security-problems with it so far.
|
|
|
|
The javascript engine would be an added attack surface; but if the validation of `rulesets` is made good (with hash-based attestation), the actual javascript cannot be considered
|
|
an attack surface -- if an attacker can control the ruleset, a much simpler attack would be to implement an "always-approve" rule instead of exploiting the js vm. The only benefit
|
|
to be gained from attacking the actual `signer` process from the `js` side would be if it could somehow extract cryptographic keys from memory.
|
|
|
|
##### Security in usability
|
|
|
|
Javascript is flexible, but also easy to get wrong, especially when users assume that `js` can handle large integers natively. Typical errors
|
|
include trying to multiply `gasCost` with `gas` without using `bigint`:s.
|
|
|
|
It's unclear whether any other DSL could be more secure; since there's always the possibility of erroneously implementing a rule.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Credential management
|
|
|
|
The ability to auto-approve transaction means that the signer needs to have necessary credentials to decrypt keyfiles. These passwords are hereafter called `ksp` (keystore pass).
|
|
|
|
### Example implementation
|
|
|
|
Upon startup of the signer, the signer is given a switch: `--seed <path/to/masterseed>`
|
|
The `seed` contains a blob of bytes, which is the master seed for the `signer`.
|
|
|
|
The `signer` uses the `seed` to:
|
|
|
|
* Generate the `path` where the settings are stored.
|
|
* `./settings/1df094eb-c2b1-4689-90dd-790046d38025/vault.dat`
|
|
* `./settings/1df094eb-c2b1-4689-90dd-790046d38025/rules.js`
|
|
* Generate the encryption password for `vault.dat`.
|
|
|
|
The `vault.dat` would be an encrypted container storing the following information:
|
|
|
|
* `ksp` entries
|
|
* `sha256` hash of `rules.js`
|
|
* Information about pair:ed callers (not yet specified)
|
|
|
|
### Security considerations
|
|
|
|
This would leave it up to the user to ensure that the `path/to/masterseed` is handled in a secure way. It's difficult to get around this, although one could
|
|
imagine leveraging OS-level keychains where supported. The setup is however in general similar to how ssh-keys are stored in `.ssh/`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Implementation status
|
|
|
|
This is now implemented (with ephemeral non-encrypted storage for now, so not yet enabled).
|
|
|
|
## Example 1: ruleset for a rate-limited window
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
function big(str){
|
|
if(str.slice(0,2) == "0x"){ return new BigNumber(str.slice(2),16)}
|
|
return new BigNumber(str)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Time window: 1 week
|
|
var window = 1000* 3600*24*7;
|
|
|
|
// Limit : 1 ether
|
|
var limit = new BigNumber("1e18");
|
|
|
|
function isLimitOk(transaction){
|
|
var value = big(transaction.value)
|
|
// Start of our window function
|
|
var windowstart = new Date().getTime() - window;
|
|
|
|
var txs = [];
|
|
var stored = storage.Get('txs');
|
|
|
|
if(stored != ""){
|
|
txs = JSON.parse(stored)
|
|
}
|
|
// First, remove all that have passed out of the time-window
|
|
var newtxs = txs.filter(function(tx){return tx.tstamp > windowstart});
|
|
console.log(txs, newtxs.length);
|
|
|
|
// Secondly, aggregate the current sum
|
|
sum = new BigNumber(0)
|
|
|
|
sum = newtxs.reduce(function(agg, tx){ return big(tx.value).plus(agg)}, sum);
|
|
console.log("ApproveTx > Sum so far", sum);
|
|
console.log("ApproveTx > Requested", value.toNumber());
|
|
|
|
// Would we exceed weekly limit ?
|
|
return sum.plus(value).lt(limit)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
function ApproveTx(r){
|
|
if (isLimitOk(r.transaction)){
|
|
return "Approve"
|
|
}
|
|
return "Nope"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* OnApprovedTx(str) is called when a transaction has been approved and signed. The parameter
|
|
* 'response_str' contains the return value that will be sent to the external caller.
|
|
* The return value from this method is ignore - the reason for having this callback is to allow the
|
|
* ruleset to keep track of approved transactions.
|
|
*
|
|
* When implementing rate-limited rules, this callback should be used.
|
|
* If a rule responds with neither 'Approve' nor 'Reject' - the tx goes to manual processing. If the user
|
|
* then accepts the transaction, this method will be called.
|
|
*
|
|
* TLDR; Use this method to keep track of signed transactions, instead of using the data in ApproveTx.
|
|
*/
|
|
function OnApprovedTx(resp){
|
|
var value = big(resp.tx.value)
|
|
var txs = []
|
|
// Load stored transactions
|
|
var stored = storage.Get('txs');
|
|
if(stored != ""){
|
|
txs = JSON.parse(stored)
|
|
}
|
|
// Add this to the storage
|
|
txs.push({tstamp: new Date().getTime(), value: value});
|
|
storage.Put("txs", JSON.stringify(txs));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Example 2: allow destination
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
function ApproveTx(r){
|
|
if(r.transaction.from.toLowerCase()=="0x0000000000000000000000000000000000001337"){ return "Approve"}
|
|
if(r.transaction.from.toLowerCase()=="0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead"){ return "Reject"}
|
|
// Otherwise goes to manual processing
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Example 3: Allow listing
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
function ApproveListing(){
|
|
return "Approve"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
``` |