go-ethereum/p2p/crypto.go

package p2p

import (
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/rand"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
	"github.com/obscuren/ecies"
	"github.com/obscuren/secp256k1-go"
)

var (
	sskLen int = 16  // ecies.MaxSharedKeyLength(pubKey) / 2
	sigLen int = 65  // elliptic S256
	pubLen int = 64  // 512 bit pubkey in uncompressed representation without format byte
	keyLen int = 32  // ECDSA
	msgLen int = 194 // sigLen + keyLen + pubLen + keyLen + 1 = 194
	resLen int = 97  // pubLen + keyLen + 1
)

// aesSecret, macSecret, egressMac, ingress
type secretRW struct {
	aesSecret, macSecret, egressMac, ingressMac []byte
}

type cryptoId struct {
	prvKey  *ecdsa.PrivateKey
	pubKey  *ecdsa.PublicKey
	pubKeyS []byte
}

func newCryptoId(id ClientIdentity) (self *cryptoId, err error) {
	// will be at server  init
	var prvKeyS []byte = id.PrivKey()
	if prvKeyS == nil {
		err = fmt.Errorf("no private key for client")
		return
	}
	// initialise ecies private key via importing keys (known via our own clientIdentity)
	// the key format is what elliptic package is using: elliptic.Marshal(Curve, X, Y)
	var prvKey = crypto.ToECDSA(prvKeyS)
	if prvKey == nil {
		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid private key for client")
		return
	}
	self = &cryptoId{
		prvKey: prvKey,
		// initialise public key from the imported private key
		pubKey: &prvKey.PublicKey,
		// to be created at server init shared between peers and sessions
		// for reuse, call wth ReadAt, no reset seek needed
	}
	self.pubKeyS = id.Pubkey()
	return
}

func (self *cryptoId) Run(conn io.ReadWriter, remotePubKeyS []byte, sessionToken []byte, initiator bool) (token []byte, rw *secretRW, err error) {
	var auth, initNonce, recNonce []byte
	var randomPrivKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
	var remoteRandomPubKey *ecdsa.PublicKey
	if initiator {
		if auth, initNonce, randomPrivKey, _, err = self.startHandshake(remotePubKeyS, sessionToken); err != nil {
			return
		}
		conn.Write(auth)
		var response []byte
		conn.Read(response)
		// write out auth message
		// wait for response, then call complete
		if recNonce, remoteRandomPubKey, _, err = self.completeHandshake(response); err != nil {
			return
		}
	} else {
		conn.Read(auth)
		// we are listening connection. we are responders in the handshake.
		// Extract info from the authentication. The initiator starts by sending us a handshake that we need to respond to.
		// so we read auth message first, then respond
		var response []byte
		if response, recNonce, initNonce, randomPrivKey, remoteRandomPubKey, err = self.respondToHandshake(auth, remotePubKeyS, sessionToken); err != nil {
			return
		}
		conn.Write(response)
	}
	return self.newSession(initNonce, recNonce, auth, randomPrivKey, remoteRandomPubKey)
}

/* startHandshake is called by peer if it initiated the connection.
 By protocol spec, the party who initiates the connection (initiator) will send an 'auth' packet
New: authInitiator -> E(remote-pubk, S(ecdhe-random, ecdh-shared-secret^nonce) || H(ecdhe-random-pubk) || pubk || nonce || 0x0)
     authRecipient -> E(remote-pubk, ecdhe-random-pubk || nonce || 0x0)

Known: authInitiator = E(remote-pubk, S(ecdhe-random, token^nonce) || H(ecdhe-random-pubk) || pubk || nonce || 0x1)
       authRecipient = E(remote-pubk, ecdhe-random-pubk || nonce || 0x1) // token found
       authRecipient = E(remote-pubk, ecdhe-random-pubk || nonce || 0x0) // token not found

The caller provides the public key of the peer as conjuctured from lookup based on IP:port, given as user input or proven by signatures. The caller must have access to persistant information about the peers, and pass the previous session token as an argument to cryptoId.

The handshake is the process by which the peers establish their connection for a session.

*/

func ImportPublicKey(pubKey []byte) (pubKeyEC *ecdsa.PublicKey, err error) {
	var pubKey65 []byte
	switch len(pubKey) {
	case 64:
		pubKey65 = append([]byte{0x04}, pubKey...)
	case 65:
		pubKey65 = pubKey
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid public key length %v (expect 64/65)", len(pubKey))
	}
	return crypto.ToECDSAPub(pubKey65), nil
}

func ExportPublicKey(pubKeyEC *ecdsa.PublicKey) (pubKey []byte, err error) {
	if pubKeyEC == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no ECDSA public key given")
	}
	return crypto.FromECDSAPub(pubKeyEC)[1:], nil
}

func (self *cryptoId) startHandshake(remotePubKeyS, sessionToken []byte) (auth []byte, initNonce []byte, randomPrvKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey, remotePubKey *ecdsa.PublicKey, err error) {
	// session init, common to both parties
	if remotePubKey, err = ImportPublicKey(remotePubKeyS); err != nil {
		return
	}

	var tokenFlag byte
	if sessionToken == nil {
		// no session token found means we need to generate shared secret.
		// ecies shared secret is used as initial session token for new peers
		// generate shared key from prv and remote pubkey
		if sessionToken, err = ecies.ImportECDSA(self.prvKey).GenerateShared(ecies.ImportECDSAPublic(remotePubKey), sskLen, sskLen); err != nil {
			return
		}
		// tokenFlag = 0x00 // redundant
	} else {
		// for known peers, we use stored token from the previous session
		tokenFlag = 0x01
	}

	//E(remote-pubk, S(ecdhe-random, ecdh-shared-secret^nonce) || H(ecdhe-random-pubk) || pubk || nonce || 0x0)
	// E(remote-pubk, S(ecdhe-random, token^nonce) || H(ecdhe-random-pubk) || pubk || nonce || 0x1)
	// allocate msgLen long message,
	var msg []byte = make([]byte, msgLen)
	initNonce = msg[msgLen-keyLen-1 : msgLen-1]
	if _, err = rand.Read(initNonce); err != nil {
		return
	}
	// create known message
	// ecdh-shared-secret^nonce for new peers
	// token^nonce for old peers
	var sharedSecret = Xor(sessionToken, initNonce)

	// generate random keypair to use for signing
	if randomPrvKey, err = crypto.GenerateKey(); err != nil {
		return
	}
	// sign shared secret (message known to both parties): shared-secret
	var signature []byte
	// signature = sign(ecdhe-random, shared-secret)
	// uses secp256k1.Sign
	if signature, err = crypto.Sign(sharedSecret, randomPrvKey); err != nil {
		return
	}

	// message
	// signed-shared-secret || H(ecdhe-random-pubk) || pubk || nonce || 0x0
	copy(msg, signature) // copy signed-shared-secret
	// H(ecdhe-random-pubk)
	var randomPubKey64 []byte
	if randomPubKey64, err = ExportPublicKey(&randomPrvKey.PublicKey); err != nil {
		return
	}
	copy(msg[sigLen:sigLen+keyLen], crypto.Sha3(randomPubKey64))
	// pubkey copied to the correct segment.
	copy(msg[sigLen+keyLen:sigLen+keyLen+pubLen], self.pubKeyS)
	// nonce is already in the slice
	// stick tokenFlag byte to the end
	msg[msgLen-1] = tokenFlag

	// encrypt using remote-pubk
	// auth = eciesEncrypt(remote-pubk, msg)

	if auth, err = crypto.Encrypt(remotePubKey, msg); err != nil {
		return
	}

	return
}

// verifyAuth is called by peer if it accepted (but not initiated) the connection
func (self *cryptoId) respondToHandshake(auth, remotePubKeyS, sessionToken []byte) (authResp []byte, respNonce []byte, initNonce []byte, randomPrivKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey, remoteRandomPubKey *ecdsa.PublicKey, err error) {
	var msg []byte
	var remotePubKey *ecdsa.PublicKey
	if remotePubKey, err = ImportPublicKey(remotePubKeyS); err != nil {
		return
	}

	// they prove that msg is meant for me,
	// I prove I possess private key if i can read it
	if msg, err = crypto.Decrypt(self.prvKey, auth); err != nil {
		return
	}

	var tokenFlag byte
	if sessionToken == nil {
		// no session token found means we need to generate shared secret.
		// ecies shared secret is used as initial session token for new peers
		// generate shared key from prv and remote pubkey
		if sessionToken, err = ecies.ImportECDSA(self.prvKey).GenerateShared(ecies.ImportECDSAPublic(remotePubKey), sskLen, sskLen); err != nil {
			return
		}
		// tokenFlag = 0x00 // redundant
	} else {
		// for known peers, we use stored token from the previous session
		tokenFlag = 0x01
	}

	// the initiator nonce is read off the end of the message
	initNonce = msg[msgLen-keyLen-1 : msgLen-1]
	// I prove that i own prv key (to derive shared secret, and read nonce off encrypted msg) and that I own shared secret
	// they prove they own the private key belonging to ecdhe-random-pubk
	// we can now reconstruct the signed message and recover the peers pubkey
	var signedMsg = Xor(sessionToken, initNonce)
	var remoteRandomPubKeyS []byte
	if remoteRandomPubKeyS, err = secp256k1.RecoverPubkey(signedMsg, msg[:sigLen]); err != nil {
		return
	}
	// convert to ECDSA standard
	if remoteRandomPubKey, err = ImportPublicKey(remoteRandomPubKeyS); err != nil {
		return
	}

	// now we find ourselves a long task too, fill it random
	var resp = make([]byte, resLen)
	// generate keyLen long nonce
	respNonce = resp[pubLen : pubLen+keyLen]
	if _, err = rand.Read(respNonce); err != nil {
		return
	}
	// generate random keypair for session
	if randomPrivKey, err = crypto.GenerateKey(); err != nil {
		return
	}
	// responder auth message
	// E(remote-pubk, ecdhe-random-pubk || nonce || 0x0)
	var randomPubKeyS []byte
	if randomPubKeyS, err = ExportPublicKey(&randomPrivKey.PublicKey); err != nil {
		return
	}
	copy(resp[:pubLen], randomPubKeyS)
	// nonce is already in the slice
	resp[resLen-1] = tokenFlag

	// encrypt using remote-pubk
	// auth = eciesEncrypt(remote-pubk, msg)
	// why not encrypt with ecdhe-random-remote
	if authResp, err = crypto.Encrypt(remotePubKey, resp); err != nil {
		return
	}
	return
}

func (self *cryptoId) completeHandshake(auth []byte) (respNonce []byte, remoteRandomPubKey *ecdsa.PublicKey, tokenFlag bool, err error) {
	var msg []byte
	// they prove that msg is meant for me,
	// I prove I possess private key if i can read it
	if msg, err = crypto.Decrypt(self.prvKey, auth); err != nil {
		return
	}

	respNonce = msg[pubLen : pubLen+keyLen]
	var remoteRandomPubKeyS = msg[:pubLen]
	if remoteRandomPubKey, err = ImportPublicKey(remoteRandomPubKeyS); err != nil {
		return
	}
	if msg[resLen-1] == 0x01 {
		tokenFlag = true
	}
	return
}

func (self *cryptoId) newSession(initNonce, respNonce, auth []byte, privKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey, remoteRandomPubKey *ecdsa.PublicKey) (sessionToken []byte, rw *secretRW, err error) {
	// 3) Now we can trust ecdhe-random-pubk to derive new keys
	//ecdhe-shared-secret = ecdh.agree(ecdhe-random, remote-ecdhe-random-pubk)
	var dhSharedSecret []byte
	pubKey := ecies.ImportECDSAPublic(remoteRandomPubKey)
	if dhSharedSecret, err = ecies.ImportECDSA(privKey).GenerateShared(pubKey, sskLen, sskLen); err != nil {
		return
	}
	// shared-secret = crypto.Sha3(ecdhe-shared-secret || crypto.Sha3(nonce || initiator-nonce))
	var sharedSecret = crypto.Sha3(append(dhSharedSecret, crypto.Sha3(append(respNonce, initNonce...))...))
	// token = crypto.Sha3(shared-secret)
	sessionToken = crypto.Sha3(sharedSecret)
	// aes-secret = crypto.Sha3(ecdhe-shared-secret || shared-secret)
	var aesSecret = crypto.Sha3(append(dhSharedSecret, sharedSecret...))
	// # destroy shared-secret
	// mac-secret = crypto.Sha3(ecdhe-shared-secret || aes-secret)
	var macSecret = crypto.Sha3(append(dhSharedSecret, aesSecret...))
	// # destroy ecdhe-shared-secret
	// egress-mac = crypto.Sha3(mac-secret^nonce || auth)
	var egressMac = crypto.Sha3(append(Xor(macSecret, respNonce), auth...))
	// # destroy nonce
	// ingress-mac = crypto.Sha3(mac-secret^initiator-nonce || auth),
	var ingressMac = crypto.Sha3(append(Xor(macSecret, initNonce), auth...))
	// # destroy remote-nonce
	rw = &secretRW{
		aesSecret:  aesSecret,
		macSecret:  macSecret,
		egressMac:  egressMac,
		ingressMac: ingressMac,
	}
	return
}

// should use cipher.xorBytes from crypto/cipher/xor.go for fast xor
func Xor(one, other []byte) (xor []byte) {
	xor = make([]byte, len(one))
	for i := 0; i < len(one); i++ {
		xor[i] = one[i] ^ other[i]
	}
	return
}