Merge branch 'master' into krys/docs

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ jobs:
       run: sudo apt-get install bison flex libreadline-dev tcl-dev libffi-dev
 
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: cpp
         queries: security-extended,security-and-quality
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ jobs:
       run: make yosys -j6
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

.github/workflows/emcc.yml

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ jobs:
   emcc:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v11
+      - uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Build
         run: |
           make config-emcc
           make YOSYS_VER=latest
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: yosysjs
           path: yosysjs-latest.zip

.github/workflows/test-linux.yml

@@ -79,19 +79,18 @@ jobs:
           $CXX --version
 
       - name: Checkout Yosys
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Get iverilog
         shell: bash
         run: |
           git clone https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog.git
           cd iverilog
-          git checkout ${{ vars.IVERILOG_VERSION }}
           echo "IVERILOG_GIT=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache iverilog
         id: cache-iverilog
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: .local/
           key: ${{ matrix.os.id }}-${{ env.IVERILOG_GIT }}
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           make config-${CC%%-*}
-          make -j${{ env.procs }} CCXXSTD=${{ matrix.cpp_std }} CC=$CC CXX=$CC LD=$CC
+          make -j${{ env.procs }} CXXSTD=${{ matrix.cpp_std }} CC=$CC CXX=$CC LD=$CC
 
       - name: Store build artifact
         if: (matrix.cpp_std == 'c++11') && (matrix.compiler == 'gcc-11')
@@ -125,3 +124,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           make -j${{ env.procs }} test CXXSTD=${{ matrix.cpp_std }} CC=$CC CXX=$CC LD=$CC
+
+      - name: Log yosys-config output
+        run: |
+          ./yosys-config || true

.github/workflows/test-macos.yml

@@ -35,19 +35,18 @@ jobs:
           cc --version
 
       - name: Checkout Yosys
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Get iverilog
         shell: bash
         run: |
           git clone https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog.git
           cd iverilog
-          git checkout ${{ vars.IVERILOG_VERSION }}
           echo "IVERILOG_GIT=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache iverilog
         id: cache-iverilog
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: .local/
           key: ${{ matrix.os.id }}-${{ env.IVERILOG_GIT }}

.github/workflows/version.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Take last commit

.github/workflows/vs.yml

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ jobs:
   yosys-vcxsrc:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Build
         run: make vcxsrc YOSYS_VER=latest
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: vcxsrc
           path: yosys-win32-vcxsrc-latest.zip
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-2019
     needs: yosys-vcxsrc
     steps:  
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: vcxsrc
           path: .

.github/workflows/wasi.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
   wasi:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Build
         run: |
           WASI_SDK=wasi-sdk-19.0

CHANGELOG

@@ -2,9 +2,28 @@
 List of major changes and improvements between releases
 =======================================================
 
-Yosys 0.37 .. Yosys 0.38-dev
+Yosys 0.38 .. Yosys 0.39-dev
 --------------------------
 
+Yosys 0.37 .. Yosys 0.38
+--------------------------
+ * New commands and options
+    - Added option "-tech" to "opt_lut" pass.
+    - Added option "-nokeep_prints" to "hierarchy" pass.
+    - Added option "-nolower" to "async2sync" and "clk2fflogic" pass.
+    - Added option "-lower" to "chformal" pass.
+
+ * Various
+    - Added $check cell to represent assertions with messages.
+    - Allow capturing $print cell output in CXXRTL.
+    - Added API to overwrite existing pass from plugin.
+    - Follow the XDG Base Directory Specification for storing history files.
+    - Without a known top module, derive all deferred modules (hierarchy pass).
+    - Detect and error out on combinational loops in write_aiger.
+
+ * Verific support
+    - Added option "-no-split-complex-ports" to "verific -import".
+
 Yosys 0.36 .. Yosys 0.37
 --------------------------
  * New commands and options

Makefile

@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ VPATH := $(YOSYS_SRC)
 
 CXXSTD ?= c++11
 CXXFLAGS := $(CXXFLAGS) -Wall -Wextra -ggdb -I. -I"$(YOSYS_SRC)" -MD -MP -D_YOSYS_ -fPIC -I$(PREFIX)/include
-LDLIBS := $(LDLIBS) -lstdc++ -lm
+LIBS := $(LIBS) -lstdc++ -lm
-PLUGIN_LDFLAGS :=
+PLUGIN_LINKFLAGS :=
-PLUGIN_LDLIBS :=
+PLUGIN_LIBS :=
-EXE_LDFLAGS :=
+EXE_LINKFLAGS :=
 ifeq ($(OS), MINGW)
-EXE_LDFLAGS := -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--out-implib,libyosys_exe.a
+EXE_LINKFLAGS := -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--out-implib,libyosys_exe.a
-PLUGIN_LDFLAGS += -L"$(LIBDIR)"
+PLUGIN_LINKFLAGS += -L"$(LIBDIR)"
-PLUGIN_LDLIBS := -lyosys_exe
+PLUGIN_LIBS := -lyosys_exe
 endif
 
 PKG_CONFIG ?= pkg-config
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ STRIP ?= strip
 AWK ?= awk
 
 ifeq ($(OS), Darwin)
-PLUGIN_LDFLAGS += -undefined dynamic_lookup
+PLUGIN_LINKFLAGS += -undefined dynamic_lookup
 
 # homebrew search paths
 ifneq ($(shell :; command -v brew),)
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ BREW_PREFIX := $(shell brew --prefix)/opt
 $(info $$BREW_PREFIX is [${BREW_PREFIX}])
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_PYOSYS),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/include/boost
-LDFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/lib
+LINKFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/boost/lib
 endif
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/include
-LDFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/lib
+LINKFLAGS += -L$(BREW_PREFIX)/readline/lib
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH := $(BREW_PREFIX)/libffi/lib/pkgconfig:$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH := $(BREW_PREFIX)/tcl-tk/lib/pkgconfig:$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)
 export PATH := $(BREW_PREFIX)/bison/bin:$(BREW_PREFIX)/gettext/bin:$(BREW_PREFIX)/flex/bin:$(PATH)
@@ -129,19 +129,19 @@ export PATH := $(BREW_PREFIX)/bison/bin:$(BREW_PREFIX)/gettext/bin:$(BREW_PREFIX
 else ifneq ($(shell :; command -v port),)
 PORT_PREFIX := $(patsubst %/bin/port,%,$(shell :; command -v port))
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(PORT_PREFIX)/include
-LDFLAGS += -L$(PORT_PREFIX)/lib
+LINKFLAGS += -L$(PORT_PREFIX)/lib
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH := $(PORT_PREFIX)/lib/pkgconfig:$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)
 export PATH := $(PORT_PREFIX)/bin:$(PATH)
 endif
 
 else
-LDFLAGS += -rdynamic
+LINKFLAGS += -rdynamic
 ifneq ($(OS), OpenBSD)
-LDLIBS += -lrt
+LIBS += -lrt
 endif
 endif
 
-YOSYS_VER := 0.37+27
+YOSYS_VER := 0.38+113
 
 # Note: We arrange for .gitcommit to contain the (short) commit hash in
 # tarballs generated with git-archive(1) using .gitattributes. The git repo
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ endif
 OBJS = kernel/version_$(GIT_REV).o
 
 bumpversion:
-	sed -i "/^YOSYS_VER := / s/+[0-9][0-9]*$$/+`git log --oneline a5c7f69.. | wc -l`/;" Makefile
+	sed -i "/^YOSYS_VER := / s/+[0-9][0-9]*$$/+`git log --oneline 543faed.. | wc -l`/;" Makefile
 
 # set 'ABCREV = default' to use abc/ as it is
 #
@@ -215,41 +215,38 @@ ABC_ARCHFLAGS += "-DABC_NO_RLIMIT"
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),clang)
-CXX = clang
+CXX = clang++
-LD = clang++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H -Wno-c++11-narrowing $(ABC_ARCHFLAGS)"
 
 ifneq ($(SANITIZER),)
 $(info [Clang Sanitizer] $(SANITIZER))
 CXXFLAGS += -g -O1 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fsanitize=$(SANITIZER)
-LDFLAGS += -g -fsanitize=$(SANITIZER)
+LINKFLAGS += -g -fsanitize=$(SANITIZER)
 ifneq ($(findstring address,$(SANITIZER)),)
 ENABLE_COVER := 0
 endif
 ifneq ($(findstring memory,$(SANITIZER)),)
 CXXFLAGS += -fPIE -fsanitize-memory-track-origins
-LDFLAGS += -fPIE -fsanitize-memory-track-origins
+LINKFLAGS += -fPIE -fsanitize-memory-track-origins
 endif
 ifneq ($(findstring cfi,$(SANITIZER)),)
 CXXFLAGS += -flto
-LDFLAGS += -flto
+LINKFLAGS += -flto
 endif
 endif
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),gcc)
-CXX = gcc
+CXX = g++
-LD = gcc
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H $(ABC_ARCHFLAGS)"
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),gcc-static)
-LD = $(CXX)
+LINKFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LINKFLAGS)) -static
-LDFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LDFLAGS)) -static
+LIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LIBS))
-LDLIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LDLIBS))
 CXXFLAGS := $(filter-out -fPIC,$(CXXFLAGS))
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os
-ABCMKARGS = CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" LD="$(LD)" ABC_USE_LIBSTDCXX=1 LIBS="-lm -lpthread -static" OPTFLAGS="-O" \
+ABCMKARGS = CC="$(CC)" CXX="$(CXX)" LD="$(CXX)" ABC_USE_LIBSTDCXX=1 LIBS="-lm -lpthread -static" OPTFLAGS="-O" \
                        ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H -DABC_NO_DYNAMIC_LINKING=1 -Wno-unused-but-set-variable $(ARCHFLAGS)" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=1
 ifeq ($(DISABLE_ABC_THREADS),1)
 ABCMKARGS += "ABC_USE_NO_PTHREADS=1"
@@ -257,31 +254,28 @@ endif
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),afl-gcc)
 CXX = AFL_QUIET=1 AFL_HARDEN=1 afl-gcc
-LD = AFL_QUIET=1 AFL_HARDEN=1 afl-gcc
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H"
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),cygwin)
-CXX = gcc
+CXX = g++
-LD = gcc
 CXXFLAGS += -std=gnu++11 -Os
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H"
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),emcc)
 CXX = emcc
-LD = emcc
 CXXFLAGS := -std=$(CXXSTD) $(filter-out -fPIC -ggdb,$(CXXFLAGS))
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H -DABC_MEMALIGN=8 -Wno-c++11-narrowing"
 EMCC_CXXFLAGS := -Os -Wno-warn-absolute-paths
-EMCC_LDFLAGS := --memory-init-file 0 --embed-file share
+EMCC_LINKFLAGS := --embed-file share
-EMCC_LDFLAGS += -s NO_EXIT_RUNTIME=1
+EMCC_LINKFLAGS += -s NO_EXIT_RUNTIME=1
-EMCC_LDFLAGS += -s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS="['_main','_run','_prompt','_errmsg','_memset']"
+EMCC_LINKFLAGS += -s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS="['_main','_run','_prompt','_errmsg','_memset']"
-EMCC_LDFLAGS += -s TOTAL_MEMORY=134217728
+EMCC_LINKFLAGS += -s TOTAL_MEMORY=134217728
-EMCC_LDFLAGS += -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS='["ccall", "cwrap"]'
+EMCC_LINKFLAGS += -s EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS='["ccall", "cwrap"]'
 # https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/blob/master/src/settings.js
 CXXFLAGS += $(EMCC_CXXFLAGS)
-LDFLAGS += $(EMCC_LDFLAGS)
+LINKFLAGS += $(EMCC_LINKFLAGS)
-LDLIBS =
+LIBS =
 EXE = .js
 
 DISABLE_SPAWN := 1
@@ -309,21 +303,19 @@ yosys.html: misc/yosys.html
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),wasi)
 ifeq ($(WASI_SDK),)
-CXX = clang
+CXX = clang++
-LD = clang++
 AR = llvm-ar
 RANLIB = llvm-ranlib
 WASIFLAGS := -target wasm32-wasi --sysroot $(WASI_SYSROOT) $(WASIFLAGS)
 else
-CXX = $(WASI_SDK)/bin/clang
+CXX = $(WASI_SDK)/bin/clang++
-LD = $(WASI_SDK)/bin/clang++
 AR = $(WASI_SDK)/bin/ar
 RANLIB = $(WASI_SDK)/bin/ranlib
 WASIFLAGS := --sysroot $(WASI_SDK)/share/wasi-sysroot $(WASIFLAGS)
 endif
 CXXFLAGS := $(WASIFLAGS) -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os -D_WASI_EMULATED_PROCESS_CLOCKS $(filter-out -fPIC,$(CXXFLAGS))
-LDFLAGS := $(WASIFLAGS) -Wl,-z,stack-size=1048576 $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LDFLAGS))
+LINKFLAGS := $(WASIFLAGS) -Wl,-z,stack-size=1048576 $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LINKFLAGS))
-LDLIBS := -lwasi-emulated-process-clocks $(filter-out -lrt,$(LDLIBS))
+LIBS := -lwasi-emulated-process-clocks $(filter-out -lrt,$(LIBS))
 ABCMKARGS += AR="$(AR)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)"
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="$(WASIFLAGS) -D_WASI_EMULATED_PROCESS_CLOCKS -DABC_USE_STDINT_H -DABC_NO_DYNAMIC_LINKING -DABC_NO_RLIMIT -Wno-c++11-narrowing"
 ABCMKARGS += OPTFLAGS="-Os"
@@ -339,34 +331,31 @@ endif
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),mxe)
 PKG_CONFIG = /usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-pkg-config
 CXX = /usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-g++
-LD = /usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-g++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os -D_POSIX_SOURCE -DYOSYS_MXE_HACKS -Wno-attributes
 CXXFLAGS := $(filter-out -fPIC,$(CXXFLAGS))
-LDFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LDFLAGS)) -s
+LINKFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LINKFLAGS)) -s
-LDLIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LDLIBS))
+LIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LIBS))
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DWIN32_NO_DLL -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -fpermissive -w"
 # TODO: Try to solve pthread linking issue in more appropriate way
-ABCMKARGS += LIBS="lib/x86/pthreadVC2.lib -s" LDFLAGS="-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=1 CC="/usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-gcc"
+ABCMKARGS += LIBS="lib/x86/pthreadVC2.lib -s" LINKFLAGS="-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=1 CC="/usr/local/src/mxe/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32.static-gcc"
 EXE = .exe
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),msys2-32)
 CXX = i686-w64-mingw32-g++
-LD = i686-w64-mingw32-g++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os -D_POSIX_SOURCE -DYOSYS_WIN32_UNIX_DIR
 CXXFLAGS := $(filter-out -fPIC,$(CXXFLAGS))
-LDFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LDFLAGS)) -s
+LINKFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LINKFLAGS)) -s
-LDLIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LDLIBS))
+LIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LIBS))
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H -DWIN32_NO_DLL -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -fpermissive -w"
 ABCMKARGS += LIBS="-lpthread -lshlwapi -s" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=0 CC="i686-w64-mingw32-gcc" CXX="$(CXX)"
 EXE = .exe
 
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG),msys2-64)
 CXX = x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
-LD = x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=$(CXXSTD) -Os -D_POSIX_SOURCE -DYOSYS_WIN32_UNIX_DIR
 CXXFLAGS := $(filter-out -fPIC,$(CXXFLAGS))
-LDFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LDFLAGS)) -s
+LINKFLAGS := $(filter-out -rdynamic,$(LINKFLAGS)) -s
-LDLIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LDLIBS))
+LIBS := $(filter-out -lrt,$(LIBS))
 ABCMKARGS += ARCHFLAGS="-DABC_USE_STDINT_H -DWIN32_NO_DLL -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -fpermissive -w"
 ABCMKARGS += LIBS="-lpthread -lshlwapi -s" ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=0 CC="x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc" CXX="$(CXX)"
 EXE = .exe
@@ -393,9 +382,9 @@ ifeq ($(BOOST_PYTHON_LIB),)
 $(error BOOST_PYTHON_LIB could not be detected. Please define manually)
 endif
 
-LDLIBS += $(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --libs) $(BOOST_PYTHON_LIB) -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem
+LIBS += $(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --libs) $(BOOST_PYTHON_LIB) -lboost_system -lboost_filesystem
-# python-config --ldflags includes LDLIBS for some reason
+# python-config --ldflags includes LIBS for some reason
-LDFLAGS += $(filter-out -l%,$(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --ldflags))
+LINKFLAGS += $(filter-out -l%,$(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --ldflags))
 CXXFLAGS += $(shell $(PYTHON_CONFIG) --includes) -DWITH_PYTHON
 
 PY_WRAPPER_FILE = kernel/python_wrappers
@@ -409,22 +398,22 @@ CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_ENABLE_READLINE
 ifeq ($(OS), $(filter $(OS),FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD))
 CXXFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
 endif
-LDLIBS += -lreadline
+LIBS += -lreadline
 ifeq ($(LINK_CURSES),1)
-LDLIBS += -lcurses
+LIBS += -lcurses
 ABCMKARGS += "ABC_READLINE_LIBRARIES=-lcurses -lreadline"
 endif
 ifeq ($(LINK_TERMCAP),1)
-LDLIBS += -ltermcap
+LIBS += -ltermcap
 ABCMKARGS += "ABC_READLINE_LIBRARIES=-lreadline -ltermcap"
 endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),mxe)
-LDLIBS += -ltermcap
+LIBS += -ltermcap
 endif
 else
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_EDITLINE),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_ENABLE_EDITLINE
-LDLIBS += -ledit -ltinfo -lbsd
+LIBS += -ledit -ltinfo -lbsd
 else
 ABCMKARGS += "ABC_USE_NO_READLINE=1"
 endif
@@ -443,9 +432,9 @@ CXXFLAGS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-e
 ifeq ($(OS), MINGW)
 CXXFLAGS += -Ilibs/dlfcn-win32
 endif
-LDLIBS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-errors --libs libffi || echo -lffi)
+LIBS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-errors --libs libffi || echo -lffi)
 ifneq ($(OS), $(filter $(OS),FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD MINGW))
-LDLIBS += -ldl
+LIBS += -ldl
 endif
 endif
 
@@ -455,7 +444,7 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_ZLIB),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_ENABLE_ZLIB
-LDLIBS += -lz
+LIBS += -lz
 endif
 
 
@@ -472,21 +461,21 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),mxe)
 CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
-LDLIBS += -ltcl86 -lwsock32 -lws2_32 -lnetapi32 -lz -luserenv
+LIBS += -ltcl86 -lwsock32 -lws2_32 -lnetapi32 -lz -luserenv
 else
 CXXFLAGS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-errors --cflags tcl || echo -I$(TCL_INCLUDE)) -DYOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
-LDLIBS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-errors --libs tcl || echo $(TCL_LIBS))
+LIBS += $(shell PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH) $(PKG_CONFIG) --silence-errors --libs tcl || echo $(TCL_LIBS))
 endif
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_GCOV),1)
 CXXFLAGS += --coverage
-LDFLAGS += --coverage
+LINKFLAGS += --coverage
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_GPROF),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -pg
-LDFLAGS += -pg
+LINKFLAGS += -pg
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_NDEBUG),1)
@@ -506,7 +495,7 @@ CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_ENABLE_ABC
 ifeq ($(LINK_ABC),1)
 CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYS_LINK_ABC
 ifeq ($(DISABLE_ABC_THREADS),0)
-LDLIBS += -lpthread
+LIBS += -lpthread
 endif
 else
 ifeq ($(ABCEXTERNAL),)
@@ -520,10 +509,10 @@ GHDL_PREFIX ?= $(PREFIX)
 GHDL_INCLUDE_DIR ?= $(GHDL_PREFIX)/include
 GHDL_LIB_DIR ?= $(GHDL_PREFIX)/lib
 CXXFLAGS += -I$(GHDL_INCLUDE_DIR) -DYOSYS_ENABLE_GHDL
-LDLIBS += $(GHDL_LIB_DIR)/libghdl.a $(file <$(GHDL_LIB_DIR)/libghdl.link)
+LIBS += $(GHDL_LIB_DIR)/libghdl.a $(file <$(GHDL_LIB_DIR)/libghdl.link)
 endif
 
-LDLIBS_VERIFIC =
+LIBS_VERIFIC =
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_VERIFIC),1)
 VERIFIC_DIR ?= /usr/local/src/verific_lib
 VERIFIC_COMPONENTS ?= verilog database util containers hier_tree
@@ -549,9 +538,9 @@ CXXFLAGS += -DYOSYSHQ_VERIFIC_EXTENSIONS
 endif
 CXXFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I$(VERIFIC_DIR)/%,$(VERIFIC_COMPONENTS)) -DYOSYS_ENABLE_VERIFIC
 ifeq ($(OS), Darwin)
-LDLIBS_VERIFIC += $(foreach comp,$(patsubst %,$(VERIFIC_DIR)/%/*-mac.a,$(VERIFIC_COMPONENTS)),-Wl,-force_load $(comp)) -lz
+LIBS_VERIFIC += $(foreach comp,$(patsubst %,$(VERIFIC_DIR)/%/*-mac.a,$(VERIFIC_COMPONENTS)),-Wl,-force_load $(comp)) -lz
 else
-LDLIBS_VERIFIC += -Wl,--whole-archive $(patsubst %,$(VERIFIC_DIR)/%/*-linux.a,$(VERIFIC_COMPONENTS)) -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lz
+LIBS_VERIFIC += -Wl,--whole-archive $(patsubst %,$(VERIFIC_DIR)/%/*-linux.a,$(VERIFIC_COMPONENTS)) -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lz
 endif
 endif
 
@@ -630,6 +619,7 @@ $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/qcsat.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/register.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/rtlil.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/satgen.h))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/scopeinfo.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/sigtools.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/timinginfo.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,kernel/utils.h))
@@ -647,16 +637,10 @@ $(eval $(call add_include_file,frontends/ast/ast.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,frontends/ast/ast_binding.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,frontends/blif/blifparse.h))
 $(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/rtlil/rtlil_backend.h))
-$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl.h))
-$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_vcd.h))
-$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi.cc))
-$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi.h))
-$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi_vcd.cc))
-$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi_vcd.h))
 
 OBJS += kernel/driver.o kernel/register.o kernel/rtlil.o kernel/log.o kernel/calc.o kernel/yosys.o
 OBJS += kernel/binding.o
-OBJS += kernel/cellaigs.o kernel/celledges.o kernel/satgen.o kernel/qcsat.o kernel/mem.o kernel/ffmerge.o kernel/ff.o kernel/yw.o kernel/json.o kernel/fmt.o
+OBJS += kernel/cellaigs.o kernel/celledges.o kernel/satgen.o kernel/scopeinfo.o kernel/qcsat.o kernel/mem.o kernel/ffmerge.o kernel/ff.o kernel/yw.o kernel/json.o kernel/fmt.o
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_ZLIB),1)
 OBJS += kernel/fstdata.o
 endif
@@ -679,12 +663,8 @@ OBJS += libs/bigint/BigUnsigned.o libs/bigint/BigUnsignedInABase.o
 
 OBJS += libs/sha1/sha1.o
 
-ifneq ($(SMALL),1)
-
 OBJS += libs/json11/json11.o
 
-OBJS += libs/subcircuit/subcircuit.o
-
 OBJS += libs/ezsat/ezsat.o
 OBJS += libs/ezsat/ezminisat.o
 
@@ -699,6 +679,10 @@ OBJS += libs/fst/fastlz.o
 OBJS += libs/fst/lz4.o
 endif
 
+ifneq ($(SMALL),1)
+
+OBJS += libs/subcircuit/subcircuit.o
+
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/frontends/*/Makefile.inc
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/passes/*/Makefile.inc
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/backends/*/Makefile.inc
@@ -707,6 +691,9 @@ include $(YOSYS_SRC)/techlibs/*/Makefile.inc
 else
 
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/frontends/verilog/Makefile.inc
+ifeq ($(ENABLE_VERIFIC),1)
+include $(YOSYS_SRC)/frontends/verific/Makefile.inc
+endif
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/frontends/rtlil/Makefile.inc
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/frontends/ast/Makefile.inc
 include $(YOSYS_SRC)/frontends/blif/Makefile.inc
@@ -748,13 +735,13 @@ yosys.js: $(filter-out yosysjs-$(YOSYS_VER).zip,$(EXTRA_TARGETS))
 endif
 
 $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys$(EXE): $(OBJS)
-	$(P) $(LD) -o $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys$(EXE) $(EXE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_VERIFIC)
+	$(P) $(CXX) -o $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys$(EXE) $(EXE_LINKFLAGS) $(LINKFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS) $(LIBS_VERIFIC)
 
 libyosys.so: $(filter-out kernel/driver.o,$(OBJS))
 ifeq ($(OS), Darwin)
-	$(P) $(LD) -o libyosys.so -shared -Wl,-install_name,$(LIBDIR)/libyosys.so $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_VERIFIC)
+	$(P) $(CXX) -o libyosys.so -shared -Wl,-install_name,$(LIBDIR)/libyosys.so $(LINKFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS) $(LIBS_VERIFIC)
 else
-	$(P) $(LD) -o libyosys.so -shared -Wl,-soname,$(LIBDIR)/libyosys.so $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_VERIFIC)
+	$(P) $(CXX) -o libyosys.so -shared -Wl,-soname,$(LIBDIR)/libyosys.so $(LINKFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS) $(LIBS_VERIFIC)
 endif
 
 %.o: %.cc
@@ -763,7 +750,7 @@ endif
 
 %.pyh: %.h
 	$(Q) mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(P) cat $< | grep -E -v "#[ ]*(include|error)" | $(LD) $(CXXFLAGS) -x c++ -o $@ -E -P -
+	$(P) cat $< | grep -E -v "#[ ]*(include|error)" | $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -x c++ -o $@ -E -P -
 
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_PYOSYS),1)
 $(PY_WRAPPER_FILE).cc: misc/$(PY_GEN_SCRIPT).py $(PY_WRAP_INCLUDES)
@@ -784,15 +771,15 @@ kernel/version_$(GIT_REV).cc: $(YOSYS_SRC)/Makefile
 
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_VERIFIC),1)
 CXXFLAGS_NOVERIFIC = $(foreach v,$(CXXFLAGS),$(if $(findstring $(VERIFIC_DIR),$(v)),,$(v)))
-LDLIBS_NOVERIFIC = $(foreach v,$(LDLIBS),$(if $(findstring $(VERIFIC_DIR),$(v)),,$(v)))
+LIBS_NOVERIFIC = $(foreach v,$(LIBS),$(if $(findstring $(VERIFIC_DIR),$(v)),,$(v)))
 else
 CXXFLAGS_NOVERIFIC = $(CXXFLAGS)
-LDLIBS_NOVERIFIC = $(LDLIBS)
+LIBS_NOVERIFIC = $(LIBS)
 endif
 
 $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys-config: misc/yosys-config.in
 	$(P) $(SED) -e 's#@CXXFLAGS@#$(subst -Ilibs/dlfcn-win32,,$(subst -I. -I"$(YOSYS_SRC)",-I"$(DATDIR)/include",$(strip $(CXXFLAGS_NOVERIFIC))))#;' \
-			-e 's#@CXX@#$(strip $(CXX))#;' -e 's#@LDFLAGS@#$(strip $(LDFLAGS) $(PLUGIN_LDFLAGS))#;' -e 's#@LDLIBS@#$(strip $(LDLIBS_NOVERIFIC) $(PLUGIN_LDLIBS))#;' \
+			-e 's#@CXX@#$(strip $(CXX))#;' -e 's#@LINKFLAGS@#$(strip $(LINKFLAGS) $(PLUGIN_LINKFLAGS))#;' -e 's#@LIBS@#$(strip $(LIBS_NOVERIFIC) $(PLUGIN_LIBS))#;' \
 			-e 's#@BINDIR@#$(strip $(BINDIR))#;' -e 's#@DATDIR@#$(strip $(DATDIR))#;' < $< > $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys-config
 	$(Q) chmod +x $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys-config
 
@@ -844,9 +831,22 @@ else
 ABCOPT=""
 endif
 
+# When YOSYS_NOVERIFIC is set as a make variable, also export it to the
+# enviornment, so that `YOSYS_NOVERIFIC=1 make test` _and_
+# `make test YOSYS_NOVERIFIC=1` will run with verific disabled.
+ifeq ($(YOSYS_NOVERIFIC),1)
+export YOSYS_NOVERIFIC
+endif
+
 test: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 ifeq ($(ENABLE_VERIFIC),1)
+ifeq ($(YOSYS_NOVERIFIC),1)
+	@echo
+	@echo "Running tests without verific support due to YOSYS_NOVERIFIC=1"
+	@echo
+else
 	+cd tests/verific && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
+endif
 endif
 	+cd tests/simple && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
 	+cd tests/simple_abc9 && bash run-test.sh $(SEEDOPT)
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ ystests: $(TARGETS) $(EXTRA_TARGETS)
 # Unit test
 unit-test: libyosys.so
 	@$(MAKE) -C $(UNITESTPATH) CXX="$(CXX)" CPPFLAGS="$(CPPFLAGS)" \
-		CXXFLAGS="$(CXXFLAGS)" LDLIBS="$(LDLIBS)" ROOTPATH="$(CURDIR)"
+		CXXFLAGS="$(CXXFLAGS)" LIBS="$(LIBS)" ROOTPATH="$(CURDIR)"
 
 clean-unit-test:
 	@$(MAKE) -C $(UNITESTPATH) clean

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ```
 yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
 
-Copyright (C) 2012 - 2020  Claire Xenia Wolf <claire@yosyshq.com>
+Copyright (C) 2012 - 2024  Claire Xenia Wolf <claire@yosyshq.com>
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
@@ -587,7 +587,13 @@ from SystemVerilog:
 - enums are supported (including inside packages)
 	- but are currently not strongly typed
 
-- packed structs and unions are supported.
+- packed structs and unions are supported
+	- arrays of packed structs/unions are currently not supported
+	- structure literals are currently not supported
+
+- multidimensional arrays are supported
+	- array assignment of unpacked arrays is currently not supported
+	- array literals are currently not supported
 
 - SystemVerilog interfaces (SVIs) are supported. Modports for specifying whether
   ports are inputs or outputs are supported.

backends/aiger/aiger.cc

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ struct AigerWriter
 
 	vector<pair<int, int>> aig_gates;
 	vector<int> aig_latchin, aig_latchinit, aig_outputs;
+	vector<SigBit> bit2aig_stack;
+	size_t next_loop_check = 1024;
 	int aig_m = 0, aig_i = 0, aig_l = 0, aig_o = 0, aig_a = 0;
 	int aig_b = 0, aig_c = 0, aig_j = 0, aig_f = 0;
 
@@ -81,6 +83,23 @@ struct AigerWriter
 			return it->second;
 		}
 
+		if (bit2aig_stack.size() == next_loop_check) {
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < next_loop_check; ++i)
+			{
+				SigBit report_bit = bit2aig_stack[i];
+				if (report_bit != bit)
+					continue;
+				for (size_t j = i; j < next_loop_check; ++j) {
+					report_bit = bit2aig_stack[j];
+					if (report_bit.is_wire() && report_bit.wire->name.isPublic())
+						break;
+				}
+				log_error("Found combinational logic loop while processing signal %s.\n", log_signal(report_bit));
+			}
+			next_loop_check *= 2;
+		}
+		bit2aig_stack.push_back(bit);
+
 		// NB: Cannot use iterator returned from aig_map.insert()
 		//     since this function is called recursively
 
@@ -101,6 +120,8 @@ struct AigerWriter
 			a = initstate_ff;
 		}
 
+		bit2aig_stack.pop_back();
+
 		if (bit == State::Sx || bit == State::Sz)
 			log_error("Design contains 'x' or 'z' bits. Use 'setundef' to replace those constants.\n");
 
@@ -299,6 +320,9 @@ struct AigerWriter
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+				continue;
+
 			log_error("Unsupported cell type: %s (%s)\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(cell));
 		}
 

backends/blif/blif.cc

@@ -226,6 +226,9 @@ struct BlifDumper
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
+			if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+				continue;
+
 			if (config->unbuf_types.count(cell->type)) {
 				auto portnames = config->unbuf_types.at(cell->type);
 				f << stringf(".names %s %s\n1 1\n",

backends/cxxrtl/Makefile.inc

@@ -1,2 +1,11 @@
 
 OBJS += backends/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_backend.o
+
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl.h))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_vcd.h))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_time.h))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_replay.h))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi.cc))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi.h))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi_vcd.cc))
+$(eval $(call add_include_file,backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi_vcd.h))

backends/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_backend.cc

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "kernel/mem.h"
 #include "kernel/log.h"
 #include "kernel/fmt.h"
+#include "kernel/scopeinfo.h"
 
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ bool is_internal_cell(RTLIL::IdString type)
 
 bool is_effectful_cell(RTLIL::IdString type)
 {
-	return type.isPublic() || type == ID($print);
+	return type.in(ID($print), ID($check));
 }
 
 bool is_cxxrtl_blackbox_cell(const RTLIL::Cell *cell)
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ struct FlowGraph {
 			CONNECT,
 			CELL_SYNC,
 			CELL_EVAL,
-			PRINT_SYNC,
+			EFFECT_SYNC,
 			PROCESS_SYNC,
 			PROCESS_CASE,
 			MEM_RDPORT,
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ struct FlowGraph {
 		Type type;
 		RTLIL::SigSig connect = {};
 		const RTLIL::Cell *cell = nullptr;
-		std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> print_sync_cells;
+		std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> cells;
 		const RTLIL::Process *process = nullptr;
 		const Mem *mem = nullptr;
 		int portidx;
@@ -480,11 +481,11 @@ struct FlowGraph {
 		return node;
 	}
 
-	Node *add_print_sync_node(std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> cells)
+	Node *add_effect_sync_node(std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> cells)
 	{
 		Node *node = new Node;
-		node->type = Node::Type::PRINT_SYNC;
+		node->type = Node::Type::EFFECT_SYNC;
-		node->print_sync_cells = cells;
+		node->cells = cells;
 		nodes.push_back(node);
 		return node;
 	}
@@ -1063,99 +1064,6 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 			f << ".val()";
 	}
 
-	void dump_print(const RTLIL::Cell *cell)
-	{
-		Fmt fmt = {};
-		fmt.parse_rtlil(cell);
-
-		f << indent << "if (";
-		dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::EN));
-		f << " == value<1>{1u}) {\n";
-		inc_indent();
-			dict<std::string, RTLIL::SigSpec> fmt_args;
-			f << indent << "struct : public lazy_fmt {\n";
-			inc_indent();
-				f << indent << "std::string operator() () const override {\n";
-				inc_indent();
-					fmt.emit_cxxrtl(f, indent, [&](const RTLIL::SigSpec &sig) {
-						if (sig.size() == 0)
-							f << "value<0>()";
-						else {
-							std::string arg_name = "arg" + std::to_string(fmt_args.size());
-							fmt_args[arg_name] = sig;
-							f << arg_name;
-						}
-					}, "performer");
-				dec_indent();
-				f << indent << "}\n";
-				f << indent << "struct performer *performer;\n";
-				for (auto arg : fmt_args)
-					f << indent << "value<" << arg.second.size() << "> " << arg.first << ";\n";
-			dec_indent();
-			f << indent << "} formatter;\n";
-			f << indent << "formatter.performer = performer;\n";
-			for (auto arg : fmt_args) {
-				f << indent << "formatter." << arg.first << " = ";
-				dump_sigspec_rhs(arg.second);
-				f << ";\n";
-			}
-			f << indent << "if (performer) {\n";
-			inc_indent();
-				f << indent << "static const metadata_map attributes = ";
-				dump_metadata_map(cell->attributes);
-				f << ";\n";
-				f << indent << "performer->on_print(formatter, attributes);\n";
-			dec_indent();
-			f << indent << "} else {\n";
-			inc_indent();
-				f << indent << print_output << " << formatter();\n";
-			dec_indent();
-			f << indent << "}\n";
-		dec_indent();
-		f << indent << "}\n";
-	}
-
-	void dump_sync_print(std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> &cells)
-	{
-		log_assert(!cells.empty());
-		const auto &trg = cells[0]->getPort(ID::TRG);
-		const auto &trg_polarity = cells[0]->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY);
-
-		f << indent << "if (";
-		for (int i = 0; i < trg.size(); i++) {
-			RTLIL::SigBit trg_bit = trg[i];
-			trg_bit = sigmaps[trg_bit.wire->module](trg_bit);
-			log_assert(trg_bit.wire);
-
-			if (i != 0)
-				f << " || ";
-
-			if (trg_polarity[i] == State::S1)
-				f << "posedge_";
-			else
-				f << "negedge_";
-			f << mangle(trg_bit);
-		}
-		f << ") {\n";
-		inc_indent();
-			std::sort(cells.begin(), cells.end(), [](const RTLIL::Cell *a, const RTLIL::Cell *b) {
-				return a->getParam(ID::PRIORITY).as_int() > b->getParam(ID::PRIORITY).as_int();
-			});
-			for (auto cell : cells) {
-				log_assert(cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool());
-				log_assert(cell->getPort(ID::TRG) == trg);
-				log_assert(cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY) == trg_polarity);
-
-				std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> inlined_cells;
-				collect_cell_eval(cell, /*for_debug=*/false, inlined_cells);
-				dump_inlined_cells(inlined_cells);
-				dump_print(cell);
-			}
-		dec_indent();
-
-		f << indent << "}\n";
-	}
-
 	void dump_inlined_cells(const std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> &cells)
 	{
 		if (cells.empty()) {
@@ -1309,6 +1217,144 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 		}
 	}
 
+	void dump_print(const RTLIL::Cell *cell)
+	{
+		Fmt fmt;
+		fmt.parse_rtlil(cell);
+
+		f << indent << "if (";
+		dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::EN));
+		f << " == value<1>{1u}) {\n";
+		inc_indent();
+			dict<std::string, RTLIL::SigSpec> fmt_args;
+			f << indent << "struct : public lazy_fmt {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				f << indent << "std::string operator() () const override {\n";
+				inc_indent();
+					fmt.emit_cxxrtl(f, indent, [&](const RTLIL::SigSpec &sig) {
+						if (sig.size() == 0)
+							f << "value<0>()";
+						else {
+							std::string arg_name = "arg" + std::to_string(fmt_args.size());
+							fmt_args[arg_name] = sig;
+							f << arg_name;
+						}
+					}, "performer");
+				dec_indent();
+				f << indent << "}\n";
+				f << indent << "struct performer *performer;\n";
+				for (auto arg : fmt_args)
+					f << indent << "value<" << arg.second.size() << "> " << arg.first << ";\n";
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "} formatter;\n";
+			f << indent << "formatter.performer = performer;\n";
+			for (auto arg : fmt_args) {
+				f << indent << "formatter." << arg.first << " = ";
+				dump_sigspec_rhs(arg.second);
+				f << ";\n";
+			}
+			f << indent << "if (performer) {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				f << indent << "static const metadata_map attributes = ";
+				dump_metadata_map(cell->attributes);
+				f << ";\n";
+				f << indent << "performer->on_print(formatter, attributes);\n";
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "} else {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				f << indent << print_output << " << formatter();\n";
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "}\n";
+		dec_indent();
+		f << indent << "}\n";
+	}
+
+	void dump_effect(const RTLIL::Cell *cell)
+	{
+		Fmt fmt;
+		fmt.parse_rtlil(cell);
+
+		f << indent << "if (";
+		dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::EN));
+		f << ") {\n";
+		inc_indent();
+			dict<std::string, RTLIL::SigSpec> fmt_args;
+			f << indent << "struct : public lazy_fmt {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				f << indent << "std::string operator() () const override {\n";
+				inc_indent();
+					fmt.emit_cxxrtl(f, indent, [&](const RTLIL::SigSpec &sig) {
+						if (sig.size() == 0)
+							f << "value<0>()";
+						else {
+							std::string arg_name = "arg" + std::to_string(fmt_args.size());
+							fmt_args[arg_name] = sig;
+							f << arg_name;
+						}
+					}, "performer");
+				dec_indent();
+				f << indent << "}\n";
+				f << indent << "struct performer *performer;\n";
+				for (auto arg : fmt_args)
+					f << indent << "value<" << arg.second.size() << "> " << arg.first << ";\n";
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "} formatter;\n";
+			f << indent << "formatter.performer = performer;\n";
+			for (auto arg : fmt_args) {
+				f << indent << "formatter." << arg.first << " = ";
+				dump_sigspec_rhs(arg.second);
+				f << ";\n";
+			}
+			if (cell->hasPort(ID::A)) {
+				f << indent << "bool condition = (bool)";
+				dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				f << ";\n";
+			}
+			f << indent << "if (performer) {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				f << indent << "static const metadata_map attributes = ";
+				dump_metadata_map(cell->attributes);
+				f << ";\n";
+				if (cell->type == ID($print)) {
+					f << indent << "performer->on_print(formatter, attributes);\n";
+				} else if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+					std::string flavor = cell->getParam(ID::FLAVOR).decode_string();
+					f << indent << "performer->on_check(";
+					if (flavor == "assert")
+						f << "flavor::ASSERT";
+					else if (flavor == "assume")
+						f << "flavor::ASSUME";
+					else if (flavor == "live")
+						f << "flavor::ASSERT_EVENTUALLY";
+					else if (flavor == "fair")
+						f << "flavor::ASSUME_EVENTUALLY";
+					else if (flavor == "cover")
+						f << "flavor::COVER";
+					else log_assert(false);
+					f << ", condition, formatter, attributes);\n";
+				} else log_assert(false);
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "} else {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				if (cell->type == ID($print)) {
+					f << indent << print_output << " << formatter();\n";
+				} else if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+					std::string flavor = cell->getParam(ID::FLAVOR).decode_string();
+					if (flavor == "assert" || flavor == "assume") {
+						f << indent << "if (!condition) {\n";
+						inc_indent();
+							f << indent << "std::cerr << formatter();\n";
+						dec_indent();
+						f << indent << "}\n";
+						f << indent << "CXXRTL_ASSERT(condition && \"Check failed\");\n";
+					}
+				} else log_assert(false);
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "}\n";
+		dec_indent();
+		f << indent << "}\n";
+	}
+
 	void dump_cell_eval(const RTLIL::Cell *cell, bool for_debug = false)
 	{
 		std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> inlined_cells;
@@ -1322,30 +1368,34 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 			f << " = ";
 			dump_cell_expr(cell, for_debug);
 			f << ";\n";
-		// $print cell
+		// Effectful cells
-		} else if (cell->type == ID($print)) {
+		} else if (is_effectful_cell(cell->type)) {
 			log_assert(!for_debug);
 
-			// Sync $print cells are grouped into PRINT_SYNC nodes in the FlowGraph.
+			// Sync effectful cells are grouped into EFFECT_SYNC nodes in the FlowGraph.
 			log_assert(!cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() || (cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() == 0));
 
-			if (!cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool()) { // async $print cell
+			if (!cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool()) { // async effectful cell
-				f << indent << "auto " << mangle(cell) << "_curr = ";
+				f << indent << "auto " << mangle(cell) << "_next = ";
 				dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::EN));
 				f << ".concat(";
+				if (cell->type == ID($print))
 					dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::ARGS));
+				else if (cell->type == ID($check))
+					dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				else log_assert(false);
 				f << ").val();\n";
 
-				f << indent << "if (" << mangle(cell) << " != " << mangle(cell) << "_curr) {\n";
+				f << indent << "if (" << mangle(cell) << " != " << mangle(cell) << "_next) {\n";
 				inc_indent();
-					dump_print(cell);
+					dump_effect(cell);
-					f << indent << mangle(cell) << " = " << mangle(cell) << "_curr;\n";
+					f << indent << mangle(cell) << " = " << mangle(cell) << "_next;\n";
 				dec_indent();
 				f << indent << "}\n";
-			} else { // initial $print cell
+			} else { // initial effectful cell
 				f << indent << "if (!" << mangle(cell) << ") {\n";
 				inc_indent();
-					dump_print(cell);
+					dump_effect(cell);
 					f << indent << mangle(cell) << " = value<1>{1u};\n";
 				dec_indent();
 				f << indent << "}\n";
@@ -1446,7 +1496,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 				f << indent;
 				dump_sigspec_lhs(cell->getPort(ID::Q));
 				f << " = ";
-				dump_sigspec_lhs(cell->getPort(ID::Q));
+				dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::Q));
 				f << ".update(";
 				dump_const(RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::S1, cell->getParam(ID::WIDTH).as_int()));
 				f << ", ";
@@ -1458,7 +1508,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 				f << indent;
 				dump_sigspec_lhs(cell->getPort(ID::Q));
 				f << " = ";
-				dump_sigspec_lhs(cell->getPort(ID::Q));
+				dump_sigspec_rhs(cell->getPort(ID::Q));
 				f << ".update(";
 				dump_const(RTLIL::Const(RTLIL::S0, cell->getParam(ID::WIDTH).as_int()));
 				f << ", ";
@@ -1469,8 +1519,9 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 		} else if (is_internal_cell(cell->type)) {
 			log_cmd_error("Unsupported internal cell `%s'.\n", cell->type.c_str());
 		// User cells
+		} else if (for_debug) {
+			// Outlines are called on demand when computing the value of a debug item. Nothing to do here.
 		} else {
-			log_assert(!for_debug);
 			log_assert(cell->known());
 			bool buffered_inputs = false;
 			const char *access = is_cxxrtl_blackbox_cell(cell) ? "->" : ".";
@@ -1728,6 +1779,47 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 		}
 	}
 
+	void dump_cell_effect_sync(std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> &cells)
+	{
+		log_assert(!cells.empty());
+		const auto &trg = cells[0]->getPort(ID::TRG);
+		const auto &trg_polarity = cells[0]->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY);
+
+		f << indent << "if (";
+		for (int i = 0; i < trg.size(); i++) {
+			RTLIL::SigBit trg_bit = trg[i];
+			trg_bit = sigmaps[trg_bit.wire->module](trg_bit);
+			log_assert(trg_bit.wire);
+
+			if (i != 0)
+				f << " || ";
+
+			if (trg_polarity[i] == State::S1)
+				f << "posedge_";
+			else
+				f << "negedge_";
+			f << mangle(trg_bit);
+		}
+		f << ") {\n";
+		inc_indent();
+			std::sort(cells.begin(), cells.end(), [](const RTLIL::Cell *a, const RTLIL::Cell *b) {
+				return a->getParam(ID::PRIORITY).as_int() > b->getParam(ID::PRIORITY).as_int();
+			});
+			for (auto cell : cells) {
+				log_assert(cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool());
+				log_assert(cell->getPort(ID::TRG) == trg);
+				log_assert(cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY) == trg_polarity);
+
+				std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> inlined_cells;
+				collect_cell_eval(cell, /*for_debug=*/false, inlined_cells);
+				dump_inlined_cells(inlined_cells);
+				dump_effect(cell);
+			}
+		dec_indent();
+
+		f << indent << "}\n";
+	}
+
 	void dump_mem_rdport(const Mem *mem, int portidx, bool for_debug = false)
 	{
 		auto &port = mem->rd_ports[portidx];
@@ -2047,11 +2139,10 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 				}
 			}
 			for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-				// Certain $print cells have additional state, which must be reset as well.
+				// Async and initial effectful cells have additional state, which must be reset as well.
-				if (cell->type == ID($print) && !cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool())
+				if (is_effectful_cell(cell->type))
-					f << indent << mangle(cell) << " = value<" << (1 + cell->getParam(ID::ARGS_WIDTH).as_int()) << ">();\n";
+					if (!cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() || cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() == 0)
-				if (cell->type == ID($print) && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() == 0)
+						f << indent << mangle(cell) << " = {};\n";
-					f << indent << mangle(cell) << " = value<1>();\n";
 				if (is_internal_cell(cell->type))
 					continue;
 				f << indent << mangle(cell);
@@ -2099,8 +2190,8 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 						case FlowGraph::Node::Type::CELL_EVAL:
 							dump_cell_eval(node.cell);
 							break;
-						case FlowGraph::Node::Type::PRINT_SYNC:
+						case FlowGraph::Node::Type::EFFECT_SYNC:
-							dump_sync_print(node.print_sync_cells);
+							dump_cell_effect_sync(node.cells);
 							break;
 						case FlowGraph::Node::Type::PROCESS_CASE:
 							dump_process_case(node.process);
@@ -2221,11 +2312,14 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 		dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> attributes = object->attributes;
 		// Inherently necessary to get access to the object, so a waste of space to emit.
 		attributes.erase(ID::hdlname);
+		// Internal Yosys attribute that should be removed but isn't.
+		attributes.erase(ID::module_not_derived);
 		dump_metadata_map(attributes);
 	}
 
 	void dump_debug_info_method(RTLIL::Module *module)
 	{
+		size_t count_scopes = 0;
 		size_t count_public_wires = 0;
 		size_t count_member_wires = 0;
 		size_t count_undriven = 0;
@@ -2238,6 +2332,34 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 		size_t count_skipped_wires = 0;
 		inc_indent();
 			f << indent << "assert(path.empty() || path[path.size() - 1] == ' ');\n";
+			f << indent << "if (scopes) {\n";
+			inc_indent();
+				// The module is responsible for adding its own scope.
+				f << indent << "scopes->add(path.empty() ? path : path.substr(0, path.size() - 1), ";
+				f << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(module)) << ", ";
+				dump_debug_attrs(module);
+				f << ", std::move(cell_attrs));\n";
+				count_scopes++;
+				// If there were any submodules that were flattened, the module is also responsible for adding them.
+				for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
+					if (cell->type != ID($scopeinfo)) continue;
+					if (cell->getParam(ID::TYPE).decode_string() == "module") {
+						auto module_attrs = scopeinfo_attributes(cell, ScopeinfoAttrs::Module);
+						auto cell_attrs = scopeinfo_attributes(cell, ScopeinfoAttrs::Cell);
+						cell_attrs.erase(ID::module_not_derived);
+						f << indent << "scopes->add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(cell)) << ", ";
+						f << escape_cxx_string(cell->get_string_attribute(ID(module))) << ", ";
+						dump_metadata_map(module_attrs);
+						f << ", ";
+						dump_metadata_map(cell_attrs);
+						f << ");\n";
+					} else log_assert(false && "Unknown $scopeinfo type");
+					count_scopes++;
+				}
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "}\n";
+			f << indent << "if (items) {\n";
+			inc_indent();
 				for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
 					const auto &debug_wire_type = debug_wire_types[wire];
 					if (!wire->name.isPublic())
@@ -2297,7 +2419,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 							if (has_driven_sync + has_driven_comb + has_undriven > 1)
 								count_mixed_driver++;
 
-						f << indent << "items.add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
+							f << indent << "items->add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
 							f << ", debug_item(" << mangle(wire) << ", " << wire->start_offset;
 							bool first = true;
 							for (auto flag : flags) {
@@ -2318,7 +2440,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 						case WireType::ALIAS: {
 							// Alias of a member wire
 							const RTLIL::Wire *aliasee = debug_wire_type.sig_subst.as_wire();
-						f << indent << "items.add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
+							f << indent << "items->add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
 							f << ", debug_item(";
 							// If the aliasee is an outline, then the alias must be an outline, too; otherwise downstream
 							// tooling has no way to find out about the outline.
@@ -2337,7 +2459,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 							f << indent << "static const value<" << wire->width << "> const_" << mangle(wire) << " = ";
 							dump_const(debug_wire_type.sig_subst.as_const());
 							f << ";\n";
-						f << indent << "items.add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
+							f << indent << "items->add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
 							f << ", debug_item(const_" << mangle(wire) << ", " << wire->start_offset << "), ";
 							dump_debug_attrs(wire);
 							f << ");\n";
@@ -2346,7 +2468,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 						}
 						case WireType::OUTLINE: {
 							// Localized or inlined, but rematerializable wire
-						f << indent << "items.add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
+							f << indent << "items->add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(wire));
 							f << ", debug_item(debug_eval_outline, " << mangle(wire) << ", " << wire->start_offset << "), ";
 							dump_debug_attrs(wire);
 							f << ");\n";
@@ -2364,7 +2486,7 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 					for (auto &mem : mod_memories[module]) {
 						if (!mem.memid.isPublic())
 							continue;
-					f << indent << "items.add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(mem.packed ? get_hdl_name(mem.cell) : get_hdl_name(mem.mem));
+						f << indent << "items->add(path + " << escape_cxx_string(mem.packed ? get_hdl_name(mem.cell) : get_hdl_name(mem.mem));
 						f << ", debug_item(" << mangle(&mem) << ", ";
 						f << mem.start_offset << "), ";
 						if (mem.packed) {
@@ -2374,17 +2496,24 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 						}
 						f << ");\n";
 					}
+				}
+			dec_indent();
+			f << indent << "}\n";
+			if (!module->get_bool_attribute(ID(cxxrtl_blackbox))) {
 				for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
 					if (is_internal_cell(cell->type))
 						continue;
 					const char *access = is_cxxrtl_blackbox_cell(cell) ? "->" : ".";
-					f << indent << mangle(cell) << access << "debug_info(items, ";
+					f << indent << mangle(cell) << access;
-					f << "path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(cell) + ' ') << ");\n";
+					f << "debug_info(items, scopes, path + " << escape_cxx_string(get_hdl_name(cell) + ' ') << ", ";
+					dump_debug_attrs(cell);
+					f << ");\n";
 				}
 			}
 		dec_indent();
 
 		log_debug("Debug information statistics for module `%s':\n", log_id(module));
+		log_debug("  Scopes: %zu", count_scopes);
 		log_debug("  Public wires: %zu, of which:\n", count_public_wires);
 		log_debug("    Member wires: %zu, of which:\n", count_member_wires);
 		log_debug("      Undriven:     %zu (incl. inputs)\n", count_undriven);
@@ -2422,18 +2551,18 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 				dump_eval_method(module);
 				f << indent << "}\n";
 				f << "\n";
-				f << indent << "template<class ObserverT>\n";
+				f << indent << "virtual bool commit(observer &observer) {\n";
-				f << indent << "bool commit(ObserverT &observer) {\n";
 				dump_commit_method(module);
 				f << indent << "}\n";
 				f << "\n";
 				f << indent << "bool commit() override {\n";
 				f << indent << indent << "observer observer;\n";
-				f << indent << indent << "return commit<>(observer);\n";
+				f << indent << indent << "return commit(observer);\n";
 				f << indent << "}\n";
 				if (debug_info) {
 					f << "\n";
-					f << indent << "void debug_info(debug_items &items, std::string path = \"\") override {\n";
+					f << indent << "void debug_info(debug_items *items, debug_scopes *scopes, "
+					            << "std::string path, metadata_map &&cell_attrs = {}) override {\n";
 					dump_debug_info_method(module);
 					f << indent << "}\n";
 				}
@@ -2481,11 +2610,15 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 					f << "\n";
 				bool has_cells = false;
 				for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
-					// Certain $print cells have additional state, which requires storage.
+					// Async and initial effectful cells have additional state, which requires storage.
-					if (cell->type == ID($print) && !cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool())
+					if (is_effectful_cell(cell->type)) {
-						f << indent << "value<" << (1 + cell->getParam(ID::ARGS_WIDTH).as_int()) << "> " << mangle(cell) << ";\n";
+						if (cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() == 0)
-					if (cell->type == ID($print) && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() == 0)
+							f << indent << "value<1> " << mangle(cell) << ";\n"; // async initial cell
-						f << indent << "value<1> " << mangle(cell) << ";\n";
+						if (!cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() && cell->type == ID($print))
+							f << indent << "value<" << (1 + cell->getParam(ID::ARGS_WIDTH).as_int()) << "> " << mangle(cell) << ";\n"; // {EN, ARGS}
+						if (!cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() && cell->type == ID($check))
+							f << indent << "value<2> " << mangle(cell) << ";\n"; // {EN, A}
+					}
 					if (is_internal_cell(cell->type))
 						continue;
 					dump_attrs(cell);
@@ -2538,7 +2671,8 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 							}
 					}
 					f << "\n";
-					f << indent << "void debug_info(debug_items &items, std::string path = \"\") override;\n";
+					f << indent << "void debug_info(debug_items *items, debug_scopes *scopes, "
+					            << "std::string path, metadata_map &&cell_attrs = {}) override;\n";
 				}
 			dec_indent();
 			f << indent << "}; // struct " << mangle(module) << "\n";
@@ -2566,7 +2700,8 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 			}
 			f << "\n";
 			f << indent << "CXXRTL_EXTREMELY_COLD\n";
-			f << indent << "void " << mangle(module) << "::debug_info(debug_items &items, std::string path) {\n";
+			f << indent << "void " << mangle(module) << "::debug_info(debug_items *items, debug_scopes *scopes, "
+			            << "std::string path, metadata_map &&cell_attrs) {\n";
 			dump_debug_info_method(module);
 			f << indent << "}\n";
 		}
@@ -2803,8 +2938,8 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 							cell->parameters[ID::CLK_POLARITY].as_bool() ? RTLIL::STp : RTLIL::STn);
 				}
 
-				// $print cells may be triggered on posedge/negedge events.
+				// Effectful cells may be triggered on posedge/negedge events.
-				if (cell->type == ID($print) && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool()) {
+				if (is_effectful_cell(cell->type) && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool()) {
 					for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int(); i++) {
 						RTLIL::SigBit trg = cell->getPort(ID::TRG).extract(i, 1);
 						if (is_valid_clock(trg))
@@ -2945,10 +3080,12 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 			// Discover nodes reachable from primary outputs (i.e. members) and collect reachable wire users.
 			pool<FlowGraph::Node*, hash_ptr_ops> worklist;
 			for (auto node : flow.nodes) {
-				if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::CELL_EVAL && is_effectful_cell(node->cell->type))
+				if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::CELL_EVAL && !is_internal_cell(node->cell->type))
-					worklist.insert(node); // node has effects
+					worklist.insert(node); // node evaluates a submodule
-				else if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::PRINT_SYNC)
+				else if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::CELL_EVAL && is_effectful_cell(node->cell->type))
-					worklist.insert(node); // node is sync $print
+					worklist.insert(node); // node has async effects
+				else if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::EFFECT_SYNC)
+					worklist.insert(node); // node has sync effects
 				else if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::MEM_WRPORTS)
 					worklist.insert(node); // node is memory write
 				else if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::PROCESS_SYNC && is_memwr_process(node->process))
@@ -3005,21 +3142,21 @@ struct CxxrtlWorker {
 			}
 
 			// Emit reachable nodes in eval().
-			// Accumulate sync $print cells per trigger condition.
+			// Accumulate sync effectful cells per trigger condition.
-			dict<std::pair<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Const>, std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*>> sync_print_cells;
+			dict<std::pair<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Const>, std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*>> effect_sync_cells;
 			for (auto node : node_order)
 				if (live_nodes[node]) {
 					if (node->type == FlowGraph::Node::Type::CELL_EVAL &&
-							node->cell->type == ID($print) &&
+							is_effectful_cell(node->cell->type) &&
 							node->cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool() &&
 							node->cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() != 0)
-						sync_print_cells[make_pair(node->cell->getPort(ID::TRG), node->cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY))].push_back(node->cell);
+						effect_sync_cells[make_pair(node->cell->getPort(ID::TRG), node->cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY))].push_back(node->cell);
 					else
 						schedule[module].push_back(*node);
 				}
 
-			for (auto &it : sync_print_cells) {
+			for (auto &it : effect_sync_cells) {
-				auto node = flow.add_print_sync_node(it.second);
+				auto node = flow.add_effect_sync_node(it.second);
 				schedule[module].push_back(*node);
 			}
 
@@ -3326,8 +3463,7 @@ struct CxxrtlBackend : public Backend {
 		log("      wire<8> p_o_data;\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("      bool eval(performer *performer) override;\n");
-		log("      template<class ObserverT>\n");
+		log("      virtual bool commit(observer &observer);\n");
-		log("      bool commit(ObserverT &observer);\n");
 		log("      bool commit() override;\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("      static std::unique_ptr<bb_p_debug>\n");

backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi.cc

@@ -35,19 +35,19 @@ cxxrtl_handle cxxrtl_create(cxxrtl_toplevel design) {
 	return cxxrtl_create_at(design, "");
 }
 
-cxxrtl_handle cxxrtl_create_at(cxxrtl_toplevel design, const char *root) {
+cxxrtl_handle cxxrtl_create_at(cxxrtl_toplevel design, const char *top_path_) {
-	std::string path = root;
+	std::string top_path = top_path_;
-	if (!path.empty()) {
+	if (!top_path.empty()) {
 		// module::debug_info() accepts either an empty path, or a path ending in space to simplify
 		// the logic in generated code. While this is sketchy at best to expose in the C++ API, this
 		// would be a lot worse in the C API, so don't expose it here.
-		assert(path.back() != ' ');
+		assert(top_path.back() != ' ');
-		path += ' ';
+		top_path += ' ';
 	}
 
 	cxxrtl_handle handle = new _cxxrtl_handle;
 	handle->module = std::move(design->module);
-	handle->module->debug_info(handle->objects, path);
+	handle->module->debug_info(handle->objects, top_path);
 	delete design;
 	return handle;
 }

backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/capi/cxxrtl_capi.h

@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ cxxrtl_handle cxxrtl_create(cxxrtl_toplevel design);
 // Create a design handle at a given hierarchy position from a design toplevel.
 //
 // This operation is similar to `cxxrtl_create`, except the full hierarchical name of every object
-// is prepended with `root`.
+// is prepended with `top_path`.
-cxxrtl_handle cxxrtl_create_at(cxxrtl_toplevel design, const char *root);
+cxxrtl_handle cxxrtl_create_at(cxxrtl_toplevel design, const char *top_path);
 
 // Release all resources used by a design and its handle.
 void cxxrtl_destroy(cxxrtl_handle handle);
@@ -240,6 +240,11 @@ struct cxxrtl_object {
 	// through wires, the bits are double buffered. To avoid race conditions, user code should
 	// always read from `curr` and write to `next`. The `curr` pointer is always valid; for objects
 	// that cannot be modified, or cannot be modified in a race-free way, `next` is NULL.
+	//
+	// In case where `width == 0`, `curr` is a non-NULL pointer unique for the wire. That is,
+	// there is a 1-to-1 correspondence between simulation objects and `curr` pointers, regardless
+	// of whether they have storage or not. (Aliases' `curr` pointer equals that of some other
+	// simulated object.)
 	uint32_t *curr;
 	uint32_t *next;
 

backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl.h

@@ -952,7 +952,23 @@ struct lazy_fmt {
 	virtual std::string operator() () const = 0;
 };
 
-// An object that can be passed to a `eval()` method in order to act on side effects.
+// Flavor of a `$check` cell.
+enum class flavor {
+	// Corresponds to a `$assert` cell in other flows, and a Verilog `assert ()` statement.
+	ASSERT,
+	// Corresponds to a `$assume` cell in other flows, and a Verilog `assume ()` statement.
+	ASSUME,
+	// Corresponds to a `$live` cell in other flows, and a Verilog `assert (eventually)` statement.
+	ASSERT_EVENTUALLY,
+	// Corresponds to a `$fair` cell in other flows, and a Verilog `assume (eventually)` statement.
+	ASSUME_EVENTUALLY,
+	// Corresponds to a `$cover` cell in other flows, and a Verilog `cover ()` statement.
+	COVER,
+};
+
+// An object that can be passed to a `eval()` method in order to act on side effects. The default behavior implemented
+// below is the same as the behavior of `eval(nullptr)`, except that `-print-output` option of `write_cxxrtl` is not
+// taken into account.
 struct performer {
 	// Called by generated formatting code to evaluate a Verilog `$time` expression.
 	virtual int64_t vlog_time() const { return 0; }
@@ -964,6 +980,15 @@ struct performer {
 	virtual void on_print(const lazy_fmt &formatter, const metadata_map &attributes) {
 		std::cout << formatter();
 	}
+
+	// Called when a `$check` cell is triggered.
+	virtual void on_check(flavor type, bool condition, const lazy_fmt &formatter, const metadata_map &attributes) {
+		if (type == flavor::ASSERT || type == flavor::ASSUME) {
+			if (!condition)
+				std::cerr << formatter();
+			CXXRTL_ASSERT(condition && "Check failed");
+		}
+	}
 };
 
 // An object that can be passed to a `commit()` method in order to produce a replay log of every state change in
@@ -1151,7 +1176,7 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Bits>
 	debug_item(value<Bits> &item, size_t lsb_offset = 0, uint32_t flags_ = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		static_assert(Bits == 0 || sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
 		              "value<Bits> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = VALUE;
 		flags   = flags_;
@@ -1167,7 +1192,7 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Bits>
 	debug_item(const value<Bits> &item, size_t lsb_offset = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		static_assert(Bits == 0 || sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
 		              "value<Bits> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = VALUE;
 		flags   = DRIVEN_COMB;
@@ -1183,8 +1208,9 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Bits>
 	debug_item(wire<Bits> &item, size_t lsb_offset = 0, uint32_t flags_ = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item.curr) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t) &&
+		static_assert(Bits == 0 ||
-		              sizeof(item.next) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		              (sizeof(item.curr) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t) &&
+		               sizeof(item.next) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t)),
 		              "wire<Bits> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = WIRE;
 		flags   = flags_;
@@ -1200,7 +1226,7 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Width>
 	debug_item(memory<Width> &item, size_t zero_offset = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item.data[0]) == value<Width>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		static_assert(Width == 0 || sizeof(item.data[0]) == value<Width>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
 		              "memory<Width> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = MEMORY;
 		flags   = 0;
@@ -1216,7 +1242,7 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Bits>
 	debug_item(debug_alias, const value<Bits> &item, size_t lsb_offset = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		static_assert(Bits == 0 || sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
 		              "value<Bits> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = ALIAS;
 		flags   = DRIVEN_COMB;
@@ -1232,8 +1258,9 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Bits>
 	debug_item(debug_alias, const wire<Bits> &item, size_t lsb_offset = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item.curr) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t) &&
+		static_assert(Bits == 0 ||
-		              sizeof(item.next) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		              (sizeof(item.curr) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t) &&
+		               sizeof(item.next) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t)),
 		              "wire<Bits> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = ALIAS;
 		flags   = DRIVEN_COMB;
@@ -1249,7 +1276,7 @@ struct debug_item : ::cxxrtl_object {
 
 	template<size_t Bits>
 	debug_item(debug_outline &group, const value<Bits> &item, size_t lsb_offset = 0) {
-		static_assert(sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
+		static_assert(Bits == 0 || sizeof(item) == value<Bits>::chunks * sizeof(chunk_t),
 		              "value<Bits> is not compatible with C layout");
 		type    = OUTLINE;
 		flags   = DRIVEN_COMB;
@@ -1293,17 +1320,26 @@ namespace cxxrtl {
 using debug_attrs = ::_cxxrtl_attr_set;
 
 struct debug_items {
+	// Debug items may be composed of multiple parts, but the attributes are shared between all of them.
+	// There are additional invariants, not all of which are not checked by this code:
+	// - Memories and non-memories cannot be mixed together.
+	// - Bit indices (considering `lsb_at` and `width`) must not overlap.
+	// - Row indices (considering `depth` and `zero_at`) must be the same.
+	// - The `INPUT` and `OUTPUT` flags must be the same for all parts.
+	// Other than that, the parts can be quite different, e.g. it is OK to mix a value, a wire, an alias,
+	// and an outline, in the debug information for a single name in four parts.
 	std::map<std::string, std::vector<debug_item>> table;
 	std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs>> attrs_table;
 
-	void add(const std::string &name, debug_item &&item, metadata_map &&item_attrs = {}) {
+	void add(const std::string &path, debug_item &&item, metadata_map &&item_attrs = {}) {
-		std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs> &attrs = attrs_table[name];
+		assert((path.empty() || path[path.size() - 1] != ' ') && path.find("  ") == std::string::npos);
+		std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs> &attrs = attrs_table[path];
 		if (attrs.get() == nullptr)
 			attrs = std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs>(new debug_attrs);
 		for (auto attr : item_attrs)
 			attrs->map.insert(attr);
 		item.attrs = attrs.get();
-		std::vector<debug_item> &parts = table[name];
+		std::vector<debug_item> &parts = table[path];
 		parts.emplace_back(item);
 		std::sort(parts.begin(), parts.end(),
 			[](const debug_item &a, const debug_item &b) {
@@ -1311,35 +1347,71 @@ struct debug_items {
 			});
 	}
 
-	size_t count(const std::string &name) const {
+	size_t count(const std::string &path) const {
-		if (table.count(name) == 0)
+		if (table.count(path) == 0)
 			return 0;
-		return table.at(name).size();
+		return table.at(path).size();
 	}
 
-	const std::vector<debug_item> &parts_at(const std::string &name) const {
+	const std::vector<debug_item> &at(const std::string &path) const {
-		return table.at(name);
+		return table.at(path);
 	}
 
-	const debug_item &at(const std::string &name) const {
+	// Like `at()`, but operates only on single-part debug items.
-		const std::vector<debug_item> &parts = table.at(name);
+	const debug_item &operator [](const std::string &path) const {
+		const std::vector<debug_item> &parts = table.at(path);
 		assert(parts.size() == 1);
 		return parts.at(0);
 	}
 
-	const debug_item &operator [](const std::string &name) const {
+	bool is_memory(const std::string &path) const {
-		return at(name);
+		return at(path).at(0).type == debug_item::MEMORY;
 	}
 
-	const metadata_map &attrs(const std::string &name) const {
+	const metadata_map &attrs(const std::string &path) const {
-		return attrs_table.at(name)->map;
+		return attrs_table.at(path)->map;
 	}
 };
 
-// Tag class to disambiguate the default constructor used by the toplevel module that calls reset(),
+// Only `module` scopes are defined. The type is implicit, since Yosys does not currently support
+// any other scope types.
+struct debug_scope {
+	std::string module_name;
+	std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs> module_attrs;
+	std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs> cell_attrs;
+};
+
+struct debug_scopes {
+	std::map<std::string, debug_scope> table;
+
+	void add(const std::string &path, const std::string &module_name, metadata_map &&module_attrs, metadata_map &&cell_attrs) {
+		assert((path.empty() || path[path.size() - 1] != ' ') && path.find("  ") == std::string::npos);
+		assert(table.count(path) == 0);
+		debug_scope &scope = table[path];
+		scope.module_name = module_name;
+		scope.module_attrs = std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs>(new debug_attrs { module_attrs });
+		scope.cell_attrs = std::unique_ptr<debug_attrs>(new debug_attrs { cell_attrs });
+	}
+
+	size_t contains(const std::string &path) const {
+		return table.count(path);
+	}
+
+	const debug_scope &operator [](const std::string &path) const {
+		return table.at(path);
+	}
+};
+
+// Tag class to disambiguate the default constructor used by the toplevel module that calls `reset()`,
 // and the constructor of interior modules that should not call it.
 struct interior {};
 
+// The core API of the `module` class consists of only four virtual methods: `reset()`, `eval()`,
+// `commit`, and `debug_info()`. (The virtual destructor is made necessary by C++.) Every other method
+// is a convenience method, and exists solely to simplify some common pattern for C++ API consumers.
+// No behavior may be added to such convenience methods that other parts of CXXRTL can rely on, since
+// there is no guarantee they will be called (and, for example, other CXXRTL libraries will often call
+// the `eval()` and `commit()` directly instead, as well as being exposed in the C API).
 struct module {
 	module() {}
 	virtual ~module() {}
@@ -1355,8 +1427,14 @@ struct module {
 
 	virtual void reset() = 0;
 
+	// The `eval()` callback object, `performer`, is included in the virtual call signature since
+	// the generated code has broadly identical performance properties.
 	virtual bool eval(performer *performer = nullptr) = 0;
-	virtual bool commit() = 0; // commit observer isn't available since it avoids virtual calls
+
+	// The `commit()` callback object, `observer`, is not included in the virtual call signature since
+	// the generated code is severely pessimized by it. To observe commit events, the non-virtual
+	// `commit(observer *)` overload must be called directly on a `module` subclass.
+	virtual bool commit() = 0;
 
 	size_t step(performer *performer = nullptr) {
 		size_t deltas = 0;
@@ -1368,8 +1446,16 @@ struct module {
 		return deltas;
 	}
 
-	virtual void debug_info(debug_items &items, std::string path = "") {
+	virtual void debug_info(debug_items *items, debug_scopes *scopes, std::string path, metadata_map &&cell_attrs = {}) {
-		(void)items, (void)path;
+		(void)items, (void)scopes, (void)path, (void)cell_attrs;
+	}
+
+	// Compatibility method.
+#if __has_attribute(deprecated)
+	__attribute__((deprecated("Use `debug_info(path, &items, /*scopes=*/nullptr);` instead. (`path` could be \"top \".)")))
+#endif
+	void debug_info(debug_items &items, std::string path) {
+		debug_info(&items, /*scopes=*/nullptr, path);
 	}
 };
 

backends/cxxrtl/runtime/cxxrtl/cxxrtl_replay.h

@@ -491,9 +491,9 @@ public:
 	template<typename ...Args>
 	recorder(Args &&...args) : writer(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
 
-	void start(module &module) {
+	void start(module &module, std::string top_path = "") {
 		debug_items items;
-		module.debug_info(items);
+		module.debug_info(&items, /*scopes=*/nullptr, top_path);
 		start(items);
 	}
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ public:
 	bool record_incremental(ModuleT &module) {
 		assert(streaming);
 
-		struct {
+		struct : observer {
 			std::unordered_map<const chunk_t*, spool::ident_t> *ident_lookup;
 			spool::writer *writer;
 
@@ -569,7 +569,9 @@ public:
 			void on_update(size_t chunks, const chunk_t *base, const chunk_t *value, size_t index) {
 				writer->write_change(ident_lookup->at(base), chunks, value, index);
 			}
-		} record_observer = { &ident_lookup, &writer };
+		} record_observer;
+		record_observer.ident_lookup = &ident_lookup;
+		record_observer.writer = &writer;
 
 		writer.write_sample(/*incremental=*/true, pointer++, timestamp);
 		for (auto input_index : inputs) {
@@ -619,9 +621,10 @@ public:
 	template<typename ...Args>
 	player(Args &&...args) : reader(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
 
-	void start(module &module) {
+	// The `top_path` must match the one given to the recorder.
+	void start(module &module, std::string top_path = "") {
 		debug_items items;
-		module.debug_info(items);
+		module.debug_info(&items, /*scopes=*/nullptr, top_path);
 		start(items);
 	}
 
@@ -641,7 +644,7 @@ public:
 			assert(items.count(name) != 0);
 			assert(part_index < items.count(name));
 
-			const debug_item &part = items.parts_at(name).at(part_index);
+			const debug_item &part = items.at(name).at(part_index);
 			assert(chunks == (part.width + sizeof(chunk_t) * 8 - 1) / (sizeof(chunk_t) * 8));
 			assert(depth == part.depth);
 

backends/edif/edif.cc

@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ struct EdifBackend : public Backend {
 
 			for (auto cell : module->cells())
 			{
+				if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+					continue;
+
 				if (design->module(cell->type) == nullptr || design->module(cell->type)->get_blackbox_attribute()) {
 					lib_cell_ports[cell->type];
 					for (auto p : cell->connections())

backends/firrtl/firrtl.cc

@@ -980,6 +980,9 @@ struct FirrtlWorker
 				register_reverse_wire_map(y_id, cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 				continue;
 			}
+
+			if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+				continue;
 			log_error("Cell type not supported: %s (%s.%s)\n", log_id(cell->type), log_id(module), log_id(cell));
 		}
 

backends/json/json.cc

@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ struct JsonWriter
 		for (auto c : module->cells()) {
 			if (use_selection && !module->selected(c))
 				continue;
+			// Eventually we will want to emit $scopeinfo, but currently this
+			// will break JSON netlist consumers like nextpnr
+			if (c->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+				continue;
 			f << stringf("%s\n", first ? "" : ",");
 			f << stringf("        %s: {\n", get_name(c->name).c_str());
 			f << stringf("          \"hide_name\": %s,\n", c->name[0] == '$' ? "1" : "0");

backends/smt2/smtio.py

@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ class SmtIo:
         if len(expr_list) == 0:
             return []
         self.write("(get-value (%s))" % " ".join(expr_list))
-        return [n[1] for n in self.parse(self.read())]
+        return [n[1] for n in self.parse(self.read()) if n]
 
     def get_path(self, mod, path):
         assert mod in self.modinfo

backends/smv/smv.cc

@@ -573,6 +573,9 @@ struct SmvWorker
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+				continue;
+
 			if (cell->type[0] == '$') {
 				if (cell->type.in(ID($dffe), ID($sdff), ID($sdffe), ID($sdffce)) || cell->type.str().substr(0, 6) == "$_SDFF" || (cell->type.str().substr(0, 6) == "$_DFFE" && cell->type.str().size() == 10)) {
 					log_error("Unsupported cell type %s for cell %s.%s -- please run `dffunmap` before `write_smv`.\n",

backends/spice/spice.cc

@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ static void print_spice_module(std::ostream &f, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::De
 
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
 	{
+		if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+			continue;
+
 		f << stringf("X%d", cell_counter++);
 
 		std::vector<RTLIL::SigSpec> port_sigs;

backends/verilog/verilog_backend.cc

@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ void dump_cell_expr_binop(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell
 
 void dump_cell_expr_print(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
-	Fmt fmt = {};
+	Fmt fmt;
 	fmt.parse_rtlil(cell);
 	std::vector<VerilogFmtArg> args = fmt.emit_verilog();
 
@@ -1041,6 +1041,23 @@ void dump_cell_expr_print(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::Cell
 	f << stringf(");\n");
 }
 
+void dump_cell_expr_check(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::Cell *cell)
+{
+	std::string flavor = cell->getParam(ID(FLAVOR)).decode_string();
+	if (flavor == "assert")
+		f << stringf("%s" "assert (", indent.c_str());
+	else if (flavor == "assume")
+		f << stringf("%s" "assume (", indent.c_str());
+	else if (flavor == "live")
+		f << stringf("%s" "assert (eventually ", indent.c_str());
+	else if (flavor == "fair")
+		f << stringf("%s" "assume (eventually ", indent.c_str());
+	else if (flavor == "cover")
+		f << stringf("%s" "cover (", indent.c_str());
+	dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::A));
+	f << stringf(");\n");
+}
+
 bool dump_cell_expr(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
 	if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_)) {
@@ -1054,6 +1071,15 @@ bool dump_cell_expr(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		return true;
 	}
 	
+	if (cell->type == ID($_BUF_)) {
+		f << stringf("%s" "assign ", indent.c_str());
+		dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::Y));
+		f << stringf(" = ");
+		dump_cell_expr_port(f, cell, "A", false);
+		f << stringf(";\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	if (cell->type.in(ID($_AND_), ID($_NAND_), ID($_OR_), ID($_NOR_), ID($_XOR_), ID($_XNOR_), ID($_ANDNOT_), ID($_ORNOT_))) {
 		f << stringf("%s" "assign ", indent.c_str());
 		dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::Y));
@@ -1805,6 +1831,39 @@ bool dump_cell_expr(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 		return true;
 	}
 
+	if (cell->type == ID($check))
+	{
+		// Sync $check cells are accumulated and handled in dump_module.
+		if (cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool())
+			return true;
+
+		f << stringf("%s" "always @*\n", indent.c_str());
+
+		f << stringf("%s" "  if (", indent.c_str());
+		dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::EN));
+		f << stringf(") begin\n");
+
+		std::string flavor = cell->getParam(ID::FLAVOR).decode_string();
+		if (flavor == "assert" || flavor == "assume") {
+			Fmt fmt;
+			fmt.parse_rtlil(cell);
+			if (!fmt.parts.empty()) {
+				f << stringf("%s" "    if (!", indent.c_str());
+				dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::A));
+				f << stringf(")\n");
+				dump_cell_expr_print(f, indent + "      ", cell);
+			}
+		} else {
+			f << stringf("%s" "  /* message omitted */\n", indent.c_str());
+		}
+
+		dump_cell_expr_check(f, indent + "    ", cell);
+
+		f << stringf("%s" "  end\n", indent.c_str());
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	// FIXME: $fsm
 
 	return false;
@@ -1812,6 +1871,13 @@ bool dump_cell_expr(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 
 void dump_cell(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 {
+	// To keep the output compatible with other tools we ignore $scopeinfo
+	// cells that exist only to hold metadata. If in the future that metadata
+	// should be exposed as part of the write_verilog output it should be
+	// opt-in and/or represented as something else than a $scopeinfo cell.
+	if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+		return;
+
 	// Handled by dump_memory
 	if (cell->is_mem_cell())
 		return;
@@ -1894,7 +1960,7 @@ void dump_cell(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Cell *cell)
 	}
 }
 
-void dump_sync_print(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::SigSpec &trg, const RTLIL::Const &polarity, std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> &cells)
+void dump_sync_effect(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::SigSpec &trg, const RTLIL::Const &polarity, std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*> &cells)
 {
 	if (trg.size() == 0) {
 		f << stringf("%s" "initial begin\n", indent.c_str());
@@ -1918,9 +1984,29 @@ void dump_sync_print(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::SigSpec &
 	for (auto cell : cells) {
 		f << stringf("%s" "  if (", indent.c_str());
 		dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::EN));
-		f << stringf(")\n");
+		f << stringf(") begin\n");
 
+		if (cell->type == ID($print)) {
 			dump_cell_expr_print(f, indent + "    ", cell);
+		} else if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+			std::string flavor = cell->getParam(ID::FLAVOR).decode_string();
+			if (flavor == "assert" || flavor == "assume") {
+				Fmt fmt;
+				fmt.parse_rtlil(cell);
+				if (!fmt.parts.empty()) {
+					f << stringf("%s" "    if (!", indent.c_str());
+					dump_sigspec(f, cell->getPort(ID::A));
+					f << stringf(")\n");
+					dump_cell_expr_print(f, indent + "      ", cell);
+				}
+			} else {
+				f << stringf("%s" "  /* message omitted */\n", indent.c_str());
+			}
+
+			dump_cell_expr_check(f, indent + "    ", cell);
+		}
+
+		f << stringf("%s" "  end\n", indent.c_str());
 	}
 
 	f << stringf("%s" "end\n", indent.c_str());
@@ -1949,13 +2035,8 @@ void dump_conn(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, const RTLIL::SigSpec &left,
 
 void dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw);
 
-void dump_case_body(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs, bool omit_trailing_begin = false)
+void dump_case_actions(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs)
 {
-	int number_of_stmts = cs->switches.size() + cs->actions.size();
-
-	if (!omit_trailing_begin && number_of_stmts >= 2)
-		f << stringf("%s" "begin\n", indent.c_str());
-
 	for (auto it = cs->actions.begin(); it != cs->actions.end(); ++it) {
 		if (it->first.size() == 0)
 			continue;
@@ -1965,15 +2046,6 @@ void dump_case_body(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs, bo
 		dump_sigspec(f, it->second);
 		f << stringf(";\n");
 	}
-
-	for (auto it = cs->switches.begin(); it != cs->switches.end(); ++it)
-		dump_proc_switch(f, indent + "  ", *it);
-
-	if (!omit_trailing_begin && number_of_stmts == 0)
-		f << stringf("%s  /* empty */;\n", indent.c_str());
-
-	if (omit_trailing_begin || number_of_stmts >= 2)
-		f << stringf("%s" "end\n", indent.c_str());
 }
 
 bool dump_proc_switch_ifelse(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw)
@@ -1996,36 +2068,52 @@ bool dump_proc_switch_ifelse(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchR
 		}
 	}
 
+	dump_attributes(f, indent, sw->attributes);
 	f << indent;
 	auto sig_it = sw->signal.begin();
 	for (auto it = sw->cases.begin(); it != sw->cases.end(); ++it, ++sig_it) {
-		bool had_newline = true;
 		if (it != sw->cases.begin()) {
-			if ((*it)->compare.empty()) {
+			if ((*it)->compare.empty())
-				f << indent << "else\n";
+				f << " else begin\n";
-				had_newline = true;
+			else
-			} else {
+				f << " else ";
-				f << indent << "else ";
-				had_newline = false;
-			}
 		}
 		if (!(*it)->compare.empty()) {
-			if (!(*it)->attributes.empty()) {
-				if (!had_newline)
-					f << "\n" << indent;
-				dump_attributes(f, "", (*it)->attributes, "\n" + indent);
-			}
 			f << stringf("if (");
 			dump_sigspec(f, *sig_it);
-			f << stringf(")\n");
+			f << stringf(") begin\n");
 		}
-		dump_case_body(f, indent, *it);
+
+		dump_case_actions(f, indent, (*it));
+		for (auto it2 = (*it)->switches.begin(); it2 != (*it)->switches.end(); ++it2)
+			dump_proc_switch(f, indent + "  ", *it2);
+
+		f << indent << "end";
 		if ((*it)->compare.empty())
 			break;
 	}
+	f << "\n";
 	return true;
 }
 
+void dump_case_body(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::CaseRule *cs, bool omit_trailing_begin = false)
+{
+	int number_of_stmts = cs->switches.size() + cs->actions.size();
+
+	if (!omit_trailing_begin && number_of_stmts >= 2)
+		f << stringf("%s" "begin\n", indent.c_str());
+
+	dump_case_actions(f, indent, cs);
+	for (auto it = cs->switches.begin(); it != cs->switches.end(); ++it)
+		dump_proc_switch(f, indent + "  ", *it);
+
+	if (!omit_trailing_begin && number_of_stmts == 0)
+		f << stringf("%s  /* empty */;\n", indent.c_str());
+
+	if (omit_trailing_begin || number_of_stmts >= 2)
+		f << stringf("%s" "end\n", indent.c_str());
+}
+
 void dump_proc_switch(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::SwitchRule *sw)
 {
 	if (sw->signal.size() == 0) {
@@ -2171,7 +2259,7 @@ void dump_process(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Process *proc, boo
 
 void dump_module(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Module *module)
 {
-	std::map<std::pair<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Const>, std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*>> sync_print_cells;
+	std::map<std::pair<RTLIL::SigSpec, RTLIL::Const>, std::vector<const RTLIL::Cell*>> sync_effect_cells;
 
 	reg_wires.clear();
 	reset_auto_counter(module);
@@ -2203,8 +2291,8 @@ void dump_module(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Module *module)
 		std::set<std::pair<RTLIL::Wire*,int>> reg_bits;
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type == ID($print) && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool()) {
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($print), ID($check)) && cell->getParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE).as_bool()) {
-				sync_print_cells[make_pair(cell->getPort(ID::TRG), cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY))].push_back(cell);
+				sync_effect_cells[make_pair(cell->getPort(ID::TRG), cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY))].push_back(cell);
 				continue;
 			}
 
@@ -2263,8 +2351,8 @@ void dump_module(std::ostream &f, std::string indent, RTLIL::Module *module)
 	for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		dump_cell(f, indent + "  ", cell);
 
-	for (auto &it : sync_print_cells)
+	for (auto &it : sync_effect_cells)
-		dump_sync_print(f, indent + "  ", it.first.first, it.first.second, it.second);
+		dump_sync_effect(f, indent + "  ", it.first.first, it.first.second, it.second);
 
 	for (auto it = module->processes.begin(); it != module->processes.end(); ++it)
 		dump_process(f, indent + "  ", it->second);

docs/source/appendix/primer.rst

@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ This process is illustrated in :numref:`Fig. %s <fig:Basics_flow>`.
 	:name: fig:Basics_flow
 
 	Typical design flow.  Green boxes represent manually created models.
-	Orange boxes represent modesl generated by synthesis tools.
+	Orange boxes represent models generated by synthesis tools.
 
 
 In this example the System Level Model and the Behavioural Model are both

docs/source/yosys_internals/formats/cell_library.rst

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ from ``\S`` is set the output is undefined. Cells of this type are used to model
 by an optimization).
 
 The ``$tribuf`` cell is used to implement tristate logic. Cells of this type
-have a ``\B`` parameter and inputs ``\A`` and ``\EN`` and an output ``\Y``. The
+have a ``\WIDTH`` parameter and inputs ``\A`` and ``\EN`` and an output ``\Y``. The
 ``\A`` input and ``\Y`` output are ``\WIDTH`` bits wide, and the ``\EN`` input
 is one bit wide. When ``\EN`` is 0, the output is not driven. When ``\EN`` is 1,
 the value from ``\A`` input is sent to the ``\Y`` output. Therefore, the
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ Add information about ``$specify2``, ``$specify3``, and ``$specrule`` cells.
 Formal verification cells
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Add information about ``$assert``, ``$assume``, ``$live``, ``$fair``,
+Add information about ``$check``, ``$assert``, ``$assume``, ``$live``, ``$fair``,
 ``$cover``, ``$equiv``, ``$initstate``, ``$anyconst``, ``$anyseq``,
 ``$anyinit``, ``$allconst``, ``$allseq`` cells.
 
@@ -660,8 +660,8 @@ If ``\TRG_ENABLE`` is true, the following parameters also apply:
 	negative-edge triggered.
 
 ``\PRIORITY``
-	When multiple ``$print`` cells fire on the same trigger, they execute in
+	When multiple ``$print`` or ``$$check`` cells fire on the same trigger, they\
-	descending priority order.
+	execute in descending priority order.
 
 Ports:
 

examples/cxx-api/scopeinfo_example.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2023  Jannis Harder <jix@yosyshq.com> <me@jix.one>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+// build: yosys-config --build scopeinfo_example.so scopeinfo_example.cc
+// use: yosys -m scopeinfo_example.so
+
+#include "backends/rtlil/rtlil_backend.h"
+#include "kernel/scopeinfo.h"
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+
+USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+struct ScopeinfoExamplePass : public Pass {
+	ScopeinfoExamplePass() : Pass("scopeinfo_example", "dump scopeinfo") {}
+	void help() override
+	{
+		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
+		log("\n");
+		log("    scopeinfo_example [options] [selection]\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
+	{
+		log_header(design, "Executing SCOPEINFO_EXAMPLE pass.\n");
+
+		bool do_wires = false;
+		bool do_common = false;
+
+		size_t argidx;
+		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++) {
+			if (args[argidx] == "-wires") {
+				do_wires = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-common") {
+				do_common = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+
+		if (do_wires) {
+			for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+				log("Source hierarchy for all selected wires within %s:\n", log_id(module));
+				ModuleHdlnameIndex index(module);
+
+				index.index_scopeinfo_cells();
+
+				for (auto wire : module->selected_wires()) {
+					if (!wire->name.isPublic())
+						continue;
+
+					auto wire_scope = index.containing_scope(wire);
+
+					if (!wire_scope.first.valid()) {
+						log_warning("Couldn't find containing scope for %s in index\n", log_id(wire));
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					log("%s %s\n", wire_scope.first.path_str().c_str(), log_id(wire_scope.second));
+					for (auto src : index.sources(wire))
+						log(" - %s\n", src.c_str());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (do_common) {
+			for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+				std::vector<Wire *> wires = module->selected_wires();
+
+				// Shuffle wires so this example produces more interesting outputs
+				std::sort(wires.begin(), wires.end(), [](Wire *a, Wire *b) {
+					return mkhash_xorshift(a->name.hash() * 0x2c9277b5) < mkhash_xorshift(b->name.hash() * 0x2c9277b5);
+				});
+
+				ModuleHdlnameIndex index(module);
+
+				index.index_scopeinfo_cells();
+
+				for (auto wire_i = wires.begin(), wire_end = wires.end(); wire_i != wire_end; ++wire_i) {
+					if (!(*wire_i)->name.isPublic())
+						continue;
+
+					std::pair<ModuleHdlnameIndex::Cursor, IdString> scope_i = index.containing_scope(*wire_i);
+					if (!scope_i.first.valid())
+						continue;
+
+					int limit = 0;
+
+					for (auto wire_j = wire_i + 1; wire_j != wire_end; ++wire_j) {
+						if (!(*wire_j)->name.isPublic())
+							continue;
+
+						std::pair<ModuleHdlnameIndex::Cursor, IdString> scope_j = index.containing_scope(*wire_j);
+						if (!scope_j.first.valid())
+							continue;
+
+						// Skip wires in the same hierarchy level
+						if (scope_i.first == scope_j.first)
+							continue;
+
+
+						ModuleHdlnameIndex::Cursor common = scope_i.first.common_ancestor(scope_j.first);
+
+						// Try to show at least some non-root common ancestors
+						if (common.is_root() && limit > 5)
+							continue;
+
+						log("common_ancestor(%s %s%s%s, %s %s%s%s) = %s %s\n",
+							log_id(module), scope_i.first.path_str().c_str(), scope_i.first.is_root() ? "" : " ", log_id(scope_i.second),
+							log_id(module), scope_j.first.path_str().c_str(), scope_j.first.is_root() ? "" : " ", log_id(scope_j.second),
+							log_id(module), common.path_str().c_str()
+						);
+
+						if (++limit == 10)
+							break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+} ScopeinfoExamplePass;
+
+PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END

frontends/ast/ast.cc

@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ AstNode::AstNode(AstNodeType type, AstNode *child1, AstNode *child2, AstNode *ch
 	port_id = 0;
 	range_left = -1;
 	range_right = 0;
+	unpacked_dimensions = 0;
 	integer = 0;
 	realvalue = 0;
 	id2ast = NULL;
@@ -349,17 +350,15 @@ void AstNode::dumpAst(FILE *f, std::string indent) const
 		fprintf(f, " int=%u", (int)integer);
 	if (realvalue != 0)
 		fprintf(f, " real=%e", realvalue);
-	if (!multirange_dimensions.empty()) {
+	if (!dimensions.empty()) {
-		fprintf(f, " multirange=[");
+		fprintf(f, " dimensions=");
-		for (int v : multirange_dimensions)
+		for (auto &dim : dimensions) {
-			fprintf(f, " %d", v);
+			int left = dim.range_right + dim.range_width - 1;
-		fprintf(f, " ]");
+			int right = dim.range_right;
+			if (dim.range_swapped)
+				std::swap(left, right);
+			fprintf(f, "[%d:%d]", left, right);
 		}
-	if (!multirange_swapped.empty()) {
-		fprintf(f, " multirange_swapped=[");
-		for (bool v : multirange_swapped)
-			fprintf(f, " %d", v);
-		fprintf(f, " ]");
 	}
 	if (is_enum) {
 		fprintf(f, " type=enum");
@@ -489,6 +488,20 @@ void AstNode::dumpVlog(FILE *f, std::string indent) const
 		fprintf(f, ";\n");
 		break;
 
+	if (0) { case AST_MEMRD:   txt = "@memrd@";  }
+	if (0) { case AST_MEMINIT: txt = "@meminit@";  }
+	if (0) { case AST_MEMWR:   txt = "@memwr@";  }
+		fprintf(f, "%s%s", indent.c_str(), txt.c_str());
+		for (auto child : children) {
+			fprintf(f, first ? "(" : ", ");
+			child->dumpVlog(f, "");
+			first = false;
+		}
+		fprintf(f, ")");
+		if (type != AST_MEMRD)
+			fprintf(f, ";\n");
+		break;
+
 	case AST_RANGE:
 		if (range_valid) {
 			if (range_swapped)
@@ -505,6 +518,11 @@ void AstNode::dumpVlog(FILE *f, std::string indent) const
 		}
 		break;
 
+	case AST_MULTIRANGE:
+		for (auto child : children)
+			child->dumpVlog(f, "");
+		break;
+
 	case AST_ALWAYS:
 		fprintf(f, "%s" "always @", indent.c_str());
 		for (auto child : children) {
@@ -542,7 +560,7 @@ void AstNode::dumpVlog(FILE *f, std::string indent) const
 
 	case AST_IDENTIFIER:
 		{
-			AST::AstNode *member_node = AST::get_struct_member(this);
+			AstNode *member_node = get_struct_member();
 			if (member_node)
 				fprintf(f, "%s[%d:%d]", id2vl(str).c_str(), member_node->range_left, member_node->range_right);
 			else
@@ -552,6 +570,12 @@ void AstNode::dumpVlog(FILE *f, std::string indent) const
 			child->dumpVlog(f, "");
 		break;
 
+	case AST_STRUCT:
+	case AST_UNION:
+	case AST_STRUCT_ITEM:
+		fprintf(f, "%s", id2vl(str).c_str());
+		break;
+
 	case AST_CONSTANT:
 		if (!str.empty())
 			fprintf(f, "\"%s\"", str.c_str());
@@ -1796,7 +1820,7 @@ std::string AstModule::derive_common(RTLIL::Design *design, const dict<RTLIL::Id
 
 	AstNode *new_ast = ast->clone();
 	if (!new_ast->attributes.count(ID::hdlname))
-		new_ast->set_attribute(ID::hdlname, AstNode::mkconst_str(stripped_name));
+		new_ast->set_attribute(ID::hdlname, AstNode::mkconst_str(stripped_name.substr(1)));
 
 	para_counter = 0;
 	for (auto child : new_ast->children) {

frontends/ast/ast.h

@@ -202,9 +202,17 @@ namespace AST
 		// set for IDs typed to an enumeration, not used
 		bool is_enum;
 
-		// if this is a multirange memory then this vector contains offset and length of each dimension
+		// Declared range for array dimension.
-		std::vector<int> multirange_dimensions;
+		struct dimension_t {
-		std::vector<bool> multirange_swapped; // true if range is swapped
+			int range_right;     // lsb in [msb:lsb]
+			int range_width;     // msb - lsb + 1
+			bool range_swapped;  // if the declared msb < lsb, msb and lsb above are swapped
+		};
+		// Packed and unpacked dimensions for arrays.
+		// Unpacked dimensions go first, to follow the order of indexing.
+		std::vector<dimension_t> dimensions;
+		// Number of unpacked dimensions.
+		int unpacked_dimensions;
 
 		// this is set by simplify and used during RTLIL generation
 		AstNode *id2ast;
@@ -371,6 +379,10 @@ namespace AST
 		// localized fixups after modifying children/attributes of a particular node
 		void fixup_hierarchy_flags(bool force_descend = false);
 
+		// helpers for indexing
+		AstNode *make_index_range(AstNode *node, bool unpacked_range = false);
+		AstNode *get_struct_member() const;
+
 		// helper to print errors from simplify/genrtlil code
 		[[noreturn]] void input_error(const char *format, ...) const YS_ATTRIBUTE(format(printf, 2, 3));
 	};
@@ -416,10 +428,6 @@ namespace AST
 	// Helper for setting the src attribute.
 	void set_src_attr(RTLIL::AttrObject *obj, const AstNode *ast);
 
-	// struct helper exposed from simplify for genrtlil
-	AstNode *make_struct_member_range(AstNode *node, AstNode *member_node);
-	AstNode *get_struct_member(const AstNode *node);
-
 	// generate standard $paramod... derived module name; parameters should be
 	// in the order they are declared in the instantiated module
 	std::string derived_module_name(std::string stripped_name, const std::vector<std::pair<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const>> &parameters);

frontends/ast/genrtlil.cc

@@ -163,6 +163,28 @@ static RTLIL::SigSpec mux2rtlil(AstNode *that, const RTLIL::SigSpec &cond, const
 	return wire;
 }
 
+static void check_unique_id(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::IdString id,
+		const AstNode *node, const char *to_add_kind)
+{
+	auto already_exists = [&](const RTLIL::AttrObject *existing, const char *existing_kind) {
+		std::string src = existing->get_string_attribute(ID::src);
+		std::string location_str = "earlier";
+		if (!src.empty())
+			location_str = "at " + src;
+		node->input_error("Cannot add %s `%s' because a %s with the same name was already created %s!\n",
+						  to_add_kind, id.c_str(), existing_kind, location_str.c_str());
+	};
+
+	if (const RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(id))
+		already_exists(wire, "signal");
+	if (const RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->cell(id))
+		already_exists(cell, "cell");
+	if (module->processes.count(id))
+		already_exists(module->processes.at(id), "process");
+	if (module->memories.count(id))
+		already_exists(module->memories.at(id), "memory");
+}
+
 // helper class for rewriting simple lookahead references in AST always blocks
 struct AST_INTERNAL::LookaheadRewriter
 {
@@ -316,10 +338,10 @@ struct AST_INTERNAL::ProcessGenerator
 	// Buffer for generating the init action
 	RTLIL::SigSpec init_lvalue, init_rvalue;
 
-	// The most recently assigned $print cell \PRIORITY.
+	// The most recently assigned $print or $check cell \PRIORITY.
-	int last_print_priority;
+	int last_effect_priority;
 
-	ProcessGenerator(AstNode *always, RTLIL::SigSpec initSyncSignalsArg = RTLIL::SigSpec()) : always(always), initSyncSignals(initSyncSignalsArg), last_print_priority(0)
+	ProcessGenerator(AstNode *always, RTLIL::SigSpec initSyncSignalsArg = RTLIL::SigSpec()) : always(always), initSyncSignals(initSyncSignalsArg), last_effect_priority(0)
 	{
 		// rewrite lookahead references
 		LookaheadRewriter la_rewriter(always);
@@ -703,8 +725,10 @@ struct AST_INTERNAL::ProcessGenerator
 				std::stringstream sstr;
 				sstr << ast->str << "$" << ast->filename << ":" << ast->location.first_line << "$" << (autoidx++);
 
-				RTLIL::Cell *cell = current_module->addCell(sstr.str(), ID($print));
+				Wire *en = current_module->addWire(sstr.str() + "_EN", 1);
-				set_src_attr(cell, ast);
+				set_src_attr(en, ast);
+				proc->root_case.actions.push_back(SigSig(en, false));
+				current_case->actions.push_back(SigSig(en, true));
 
 				RTLIL::SigSpec triggers;
 				RTLIL::Const polarity;
@@ -717,18 +741,15 @@ struct AST_INTERNAL::ProcessGenerator
 						polarity.bits.push_back(RTLIL::S0);
 					}
 				}
-				cell->parameters[ID::TRG_WIDTH] = triggers.size();
+
-				cell->parameters[ID::TRG_ENABLE] = (always->type == AST_INITIAL) || !triggers.empty();
+				RTLIL::Cell *cell = current_module->addCell(sstr.str(), ID($print));
-				cell->parameters[ID::TRG_POLARITY] = polarity;
+				set_src_attr(cell, ast);
-				cell->parameters[ID::PRIORITY] = --last_print_priority;
+				cell->setParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH, triggers.size());
+				cell->setParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE, (always->type == AST_INITIAL) || !triggers.empty());
+				cell->setParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY, polarity);
+				cell->setParam(ID::PRIORITY, --last_effect_priority);
 				cell->setPort(ID::TRG, triggers);
-
+				cell->setPort(ID::EN, en);
-				Wire *wire = current_module->addWire(sstr.str() + "_EN", 1);
-				set_src_attr(wire, ast);
-				cell->setPort(ID::EN, wire);
-
-				proc->root_case.actions.push_back(SigSig(wire, false));
-				current_case->actions.push_back(SigSig(wire, true));
 
 				int default_base = 10;
 				if (ast->str.back() == 'b')
@@ -766,7 +787,7 @@ struct AST_INTERNAL::ProcessGenerator
 					args.push_back(arg);
 				}
 
-				Fmt fmt = {};
+				Fmt fmt;
 				fmt.parse_verilog(args, /*sformat_like=*/false, default_base, /*task_name=*/ast->str, current_module->name);
 				if (ast->str.substr(0, 8) == "$display")
 					fmt.append_string("\n");
@@ -776,6 +797,70 @@ struct AST_INTERNAL::ProcessGenerator
 			}
 			break;
 
+		// generate $check cells
+		case AST_ASSERT:
+		case AST_ASSUME:
+		case AST_LIVE:
+		case AST_FAIR:
+		case AST_COVER:
+			{
+				std::string flavor, desc;
+				if (ast->type == AST_ASSERT) { flavor = "assert"; desc = "assert ()"; }
+				if (ast->type == AST_ASSUME) { flavor = "assume"; desc = "assume ()"; }
+				if (ast->type == AST_LIVE) { flavor = "live"; desc = "assert (eventually)"; }
+				if (ast->type == AST_FAIR) { flavor = "fair"; desc = "assume (eventually)"; }
+				if (ast->type == AST_COVER) { flavor = "cover"; desc = "cover ()"; }
+
+				IdString cellname;
+				if (ast->str.empty())
+					cellname = stringf("$%s$%s:%d$%d", flavor.c_str(), RTLIL::encode_filename(ast->filename).c_str(), ast->location.first_line, autoidx++);
+				else
+					cellname = ast->str;
+				check_unique_id(current_module, cellname, ast, "procedural assertion");
+
+				RTLIL::SigSpec check = ast->children[0]->genWidthRTLIL(-1, false, &subst_rvalue_map.stdmap());
+				if (GetSize(check) != 1)
+					check = current_module->ReduceBool(NEW_ID, check);
+
+				Wire *en = current_module->addWire(cellname.str() + "_EN", 1);
+				set_src_attr(en, ast);
+				proc->root_case.actions.push_back(SigSig(en, false));
+				current_case->actions.push_back(SigSig(en, true));
+
+				RTLIL::SigSpec triggers;
+				RTLIL::Const polarity;
+				for (auto sync : proc->syncs) {
+					if (sync->type == RTLIL::STp) {
+						triggers.append(sync->signal);
+						polarity.bits.push_back(RTLIL::S1);
+					} else if (sync->type == RTLIL::STn) {
+						triggers.append(sync->signal);
+						polarity.bits.push_back(RTLIL::S0);
+					}
+				}
+
+				RTLIL::Cell *cell = current_module->addCell(cellname, ID($check));
+				set_src_attr(cell, ast);
+				for (auto &attr : ast->attributes) {
+					if (attr.second->type != AST_CONSTANT)
+						log_file_error(ast->filename, ast->location.first_line, "Attribute `%s' with non-constant value!\n", attr.first.c_str());
+					cell->attributes[attr.first] = attr.second->asAttrConst();
+				}
+				cell->setParam(ID::FLAVOR, flavor);
+				cell->setParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH, triggers.size());
+				cell->setParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE, (always->type == AST_INITIAL) || !triggers.empty());
+				cell->setParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY, polarity);
+				cell->setParam(ID::PRIORITY, --last_effect_priority);
+				cell->setPort(ID::TRG, triggers);
+				cell->setPort(ID::EN, en);
+				cell->setPort(ID::A, check);
+
+				// No message is emitted to ensure Verilog code roundtrips correctly.
+				Fmt fmt;
+				fmt.emit_rtlil(cell);
+				break;
+			}
+
 		case AST_NONE:
 		case AST_FOR:
 			break;
@@ -960,7 +1045,7 @@ void AstNode::detectSignWidthWorker(int &width_hint, bool &sign_hint, bool *foun
 			if (children.size() > 1)
 				range = children[1];
 		} else if (id_ast->type == AST_STRUCT_ITEM || id_ast->type == AST_STRUCT || id_ast->type == AST_UNION) {
-			AstNode *tmp_range = make_struct_member_range(this, id_ast);
+			AstNode *tmp_range = make_index_range(id_ast);
 			this_width = tmp_range->range_left - tmp_range->range_right + 1;
 			delete tmp_range;
 		} else
@@ -1242,28 +1327,6 @@ void AstNode::detectSignWidth(int &width_hint, bool &sign_hint, bool *found_real
 					width_hint, kWidthLimit);
 }
 
-static void check_unique_id(RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::IdString id,
-		const AstNode *node, const char *to_add_kind)
-{
-	auto already_exists = [&](const RTLIL::AttrObject *existing, const char *existing_kind) {
-		std::string src = existing->get_string_attribute(ID::src);
-		std::string location_str = "earlier";
-		if (!src.empty())
-			location_str = "at " + src;
-		node->input_error("Cannot add %s `%s' because a %s with the same name was already created %s!\n",
-						  to_add_kind, id.c_str(), existing_kind, location_str.c_str());
-	};
-
-	if (const RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(id))
-		already_exists(wire, "signal");
-	if (const RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->cell(id))
-		already_exists(cell, "cell");
-	if (module->processes.count(id))
-		already_exists(module->processes.at(id), "process");
-	if (module->memories.count(id))
-		already_exists(module->memories.at(id), "memory");
-}
-
 // create RTLIL from an AST node
 // all generated cells, wires and processes are added to the module pointed to by 'current_module'
 // when the AST node is an expression (AST_ADD, AST_BIT_XOR, etc.), the result signal is returned.
@@ -1521,7 +1584,7 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec AstNode::genRTLIL(int width_hint, bool sign_hint)
 			chunk.width = wire->width;
 			chunk.offset = 0;
 
-			if ((member_node = get_struct_member(this))) {
+			if ((member_node = get_struct_member())) {
 				// Clamp wire chunk to range of member within struct/union.
 				chunk.width = member_node->range_left - member_node->range_right + 1;
 				chunk.offset = member_node->range_right;
@@ -1945,48 +2008,50 @@ RTLIL::SigSpec AstNode::genRTLIL(int width_hint, bool sign_hint)
 		}
 		break;
 
-	// generate $assert cells
+	// generate $check cells
 	case AST_ASSERT:
 	case AST_ASSUME:
 	case AST_LIVE:
 	case AST_FAIR:
 	case AST_COVER:
 		{
-			IdString celltype;
+			std::string flavor, desc;
-			if (type == AST_ASSERT) celltype = ID($assert);
+			if (type == AST_ASSERT) { flavor = "assert"; desc = "assert property ()"; }
-			if (type == AST_ASSUME) celltype = ID($assume);
+			if (type == AST_ASSUME) { flavor = "assume"; desc = "assume property ()"; }
-			if (type == AST_LIVE) celltype = ID($live);
+			if (type == AST_LIVE) { flavor = "live"; desc = "assert property (eventually)"; }
-			if (type == AST_FAIR) celltype = ID($fair);
+			if (type == AST_FAIR) { flavor = "fair"; desc = "assume property (eventually)"; }
-			if (type == AST_COVER) celltype = ID($cover);
+			if (type == AST_COVER) { flavor = "cover"; desc = "cover property ()"; }
 
-			log_assert(children.size() == 2);
+			IdString cellname;
+			if (str.empty())
+				cellname = stringf("$%s$%s:%d$%d", flavor.c_str(), RTLIL::encode_filename(filename).c_str(), location.first_line, autoidx++);
+			else
+				cellname = str;
+			check_unique_id(current_module, cellname, this, "procedural assertion");
 
 			RTLIL::SigSpec check = children[0]->genRTLIL();
 			if (GetSize(check) != 1)
 				check = current_module->ReduceBool(NEW_ID, check);
 
-			RTLIL::SigSpec en = children[1]->genRTLIL();
+			RTLIL::Cell *cell = current_module->addCell(cellname, ID($check));
-			if (GetSize(en) != 1)
-				en = current_module->ReduceBool(NEW_ID, en);
-
-			IdString cellname;
-			if (str.empty())
-				cellname = stringf("%s$%s:%d$%d", celltype.c_str(), RTLIL::encode_filename(filename).c_str(), location.first_line, autoidx++);
-			else
-				cellname = str;
-
-			check_unique_id(current_module, cellname, this, "procedural assertion");
-			RTLIL::Cell *cell = current_module->addCell(cellname, celltype);
 			set_src_attr(cell, this);
-
 			for (auto &attr : attributes) {
 				if (attr.second->type != AST_CONSTANT)
 					input_error("Attribute `%s' with non-constant value!\n", attr.first.c_str());
 				cell->attributes[attr.first] = attr.second->asAttrConst();
 			}
-
+			cell->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), flavor);
+			cell->parameters[ID::TRG_WIDTH] = 0;
+			cell->parameters[ID::TRG_ENABLE] = 0;
+			cell->parameters[ID::TRG_POLARITY] = 0;
+			cell->parameters[ID::PRIORITY] = 0;
+			cell->setPort(ID::TRG, RTLIL::SigSpec());
+			cell->setPort(ID::EN, RTLIL::S1);
 			cell->setPort(ID::A, check);
-			cell->setPort(ID::EN, en);
+
+			// No message is emitted to ensure Verilog code roundtrips correctly.
+			Fmt fmt;
+			fmt.emit_rtlil(cell);
 		}
 		break;
 

frontends/blif/blifparse.cc

@@ -256,6 +256,16 @@ void parse_blif(RTLIL::Design *design, std::istream &f, IdString dff_name, bool
 				continue;
 			}
 
+			if (!strcmp(cmd, ".area") || !strcmp(cmd, ".delay") || !strcmp(cmd, ".wire_load_slope") || !strcmp(cmd, ".wire") ||
+			    !strcmp(cmd, ".input_arrival") || !strcmp(cmd, ".default_input_arrival") || !strcmp(cmd, ".output_required") ||
+			    !strcmp(cmd, ".default_output_required") || !strcmp(cmd, ".input_drive") || !strcmp(cmd, ".default_input_drive") ||
+			    !strcmp(cmd, ".max_input_load") || !strcmp(cmd, ".default_max_input_load") || !strcmp(cmd, ".output_load") ||
+			    !strcmp(cmd, ".default_output_load"))
+			{
+				log_warning("Blif delay constraints (%s) are not supported.", cmd);
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			if (!strcmp(cmd, ".inputs") || !strcmp(cmd, ".outputs"))
 			{
 				char *p;

frontends/verific/verific.cc

@@ -343,36 +343,46 @@ void VerificImporter::import_attributes(dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> &att
 	}
 }
 
+RTLIL::SigBit VerificImporter::netToSigBit(Verific::Net *net) {
+	if (net && net->IsGnd())
+		return RTLIL::State::S0;
+	else if (net && net->IsPwr())
+		return RTLIL::State::S1;
+	else if (net && net->IsX())
+		return RTLIL::State::Sx;
+	else if (net)
+		return net_map_at(net);
+	else
+		return RTLIL::State::Sz;
+}
+
 RTLIL::SigSpec VerificImporter::operatorInput(Instance *inst)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-	for (int i = int(inst->InputSize())-1; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (int i = int(inst->InputSize())-1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		if (inst->GetInputBit(i))
+		Net *net = inst->GetInputBit(i);
-			sig.append(net_map_at(inst->GetInputBit(i)));
+		sig.append(netToSigBit(net));
-		else
+	}
-			sig.append(RTLIL::State::Sz);
 	return sig;
 }
 
 RTLIL::SigSpec VerificImporter::operatorInput1(Instance *inst)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-	for (int i = int(inst->Input1Size())-1; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (int i = int(inst->Input1Size())-1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		if (inst->GetInput1Bit(i))
+		Net *net = inst->GetInput1Bit(i);
-			sig.append(net_map_at(inst->GetInput1Bit(i)));
+		sig.append(netToSigBit(net));
-		else
+	}
-			sig.append(RTLIL::State::Sz);
 	return sig;
 }
 
 RTLIL::SigSpec VerificImporter::operatorInput2(Instance *inst)
 {
 	RTLIL::SigSpec sig;
-	for (int i = int(inst->Input2Size())-1; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (int i = int(inst->Input2Size())-1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		if (inst->GetInput2Bit(i))
+		Net *net = inst->GetInput2Bit(i);
-			sig.append(net_map_at(inst->GetInput2Bit(i)));
+		sig.append(netToSigBit(net));
-		else
+	}
-			sig.append(RTLIL::State::Sz);
 	return sig;
 }
 
@@ -1980,6 +1990,7 @@ void VerificImporter::import_netlist(RTLIL::Design *design, Netlist *nl, std::ma
 		}
 
 		RTLIL::Cell *cell = module->addCell(inst_name, inst_type);
+		import_attributes(cell->attributes, inst);
 
 		if (inst->IsPrimitive() && mode_keep)
 			cell->attributes[ID::keep] = 1;
@@ -2815,6 +2826,9 @@ struct VerificPass : public Pass {
 		log("  -extnets\n");
 		log("    Resolve references to external nets by adding module ports as needed.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("  -no-split-complex-ports\n");
+		log("    Complex ports (structs or arrays) are not split and remain packed as a single port.\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("  -autocover\n");
 		log("    Generate automatic cover statements for all asserts\n");
 		log("\n");
@@ -3548,6 +3562,7 @@ struct VerificPass : public Pass {
 			bool mode_nosva = false, mode_names = false, mode_verific = false;
 			bool mode_autocover = false, mode_fullinit = false;
 			bool flatten = false, extnets = false, mode_cells = false;
+			bool split_complex_ports = true;
 			string dumpfile;
 			string ppfile;
 			Map parameters(STRING_HASH);
@@ -3565,6 +3580,10 @@ struct VerificPass : public Pass {
 					flatten = true;
 					continue;
 				}
+				if (args[argidx] == "-no-split-complex-ports") {
+					split_complex_ports = false;
+					continue;
+				}
 				if (args[argidx] == "-extnets") {
 					extnets = true;
 					continue;
@@ -3804,8 +3823,10 @@ struct VerificPass : public Pass {
 					worker.run(nl.second);
 			}
 
+			if (split_complex_ports) {
 				for (auto nl : nl_todo)
 					nl.second->ChangePortBusStructures(1 /* hierarchical */);
+			}
 
 			if (!dumpfile.empty()) {
 				VeriWrite veri_writer;

frontends/verific/verific.h

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ struct VerificImporter
 	RTLIL::IdString new_verific_id(Verific::DesignObj *obj);
 	void import_attributes(dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> &attributes, Verific::DesignObj *obj, Verific::Netlist  *nl = nullptr);
 
+	RTLIL::SigBit netToSigBit(Verific::Net *net);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec operatorInput(Verific::Instance *inst);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec operatorInput1(Verific::Instance *inst);
 	RTLIL::SigSpec operatorInput2(Verific::Instance *inst);

frontends/verilog/verilog_parser.y

@@ -197,9 +197,20 @@ static AstNode *checkRange(AstNode *type_node, AstNode *range_node)
 			range_node = makeRange(type_node->range_left, type_node->range_right, false);
 		}
 	}
-	if (range_node && range_node->children.size() != 2) {
+
-		frontend_verilog_yyerror("wire/reg/logic packed dimension must be of the form: [<expr>:<expr>], [<expr>+:<expr>], or [<expr>-:<expr>]");
+	if (range_node) {
+		bool valid = true;
+		if (range_node->type == AST_RANGE) {
+			valid = range_node->children.size() == 2;
+		} else {  // AST_MULTIRANGE
+			for (auto child : range_node->children) {
+				valid = valid && child->children.size() == 2;
 			}
+		}
+		if (!valid)
+			frontend_verilog_yyerror("wire/reg/logic packed dimension must be of the form [<expr>:<expr>]");
+	}
+
 	return range_node;
 }
 
@@ -672,7 +683,7 @@ module_arg:
 		ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(astbuf2);
 		delete astbuf1; // really only needed if multiple instances of same type.
 	} module_arg_opt_assignment |
-	attr wire_type range TOK_ID {
+	attr wire_type range_or_multirange TOK_ID {
 		AstNode *node = $2;
 		node->str = *$4;
 		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @4, @4);
@@ -1165,7 +1176,7 @@ task_func_args:
 	task_func_port | task_func_args ',' task_func_port;
 
 task_func_port:
-	attr wire_type range {
+	attr wire_type range_or_multirange {
 		bool prev_was_input = true;
 		bool prev_was_output = false;
 		if (albuf) {
@@ -1889,9 +1900,10 @@ struct_member_type: { astbuf1 = new AstNode(AST_STRUCT_ITEM); } member_type_toke
 	;
 
 member_type_token:
-	  member_type
+	member_type range_or_multirange {
-	| hierarchical_type_id {
+		AstNode *range = checkRange(astbuf1, $2);
-			addWiretypeNode($1, astbuf1);
+		if (range)
+			astbuf1->children.push_back(range);
 	}
 	| {
 		delete astbuf1;
@@ -1908,7 +1920,8 @@ member_type_token:
 	;
 
 member_type: type_atom type_signing
-	| type_vec type_signing range_or_multirange	{ if ($3) astbuf1->children.push_back($3); }
+	| type_vec type_signing
+	| hierarchical_type_id { addWiretypeNode($1, astbuf1); }
 	;
 
 struct_var_list: struct_var
@@ -1928,7 +1941,7 @@ struct_var: TOK_ID	{	auto *var_node = astbuf2->clone();
 /////////
 
 wire_decl:
-	attr wire_type range {
+	attr wire_type range_or_multirange {
 		albuf = $1;
 		astbuf1 = $2;
 		astbuf2 = checkRange(astbuf1, $3);
@@ -2104,14 +2117,14 @@ type_name: TOK_ID		// first time seen
 	 ;
 
 typedef_decl:
-	TOK_TYPEDEF typedef_base_type range type_name range_or_multirange ';' {
+	TOK_TYPEDEF typedef_base_type range_or_multirange type_name range_or_multirange ';' {
 		astbuf1 = $2;
 		astbuf2 = checkRange(astbuf1, $3);
 		if (astbuf2)
 			astbuf1->children.push_back(astbuf2);
 
 		if ($5 != NULL) {
-			if (!astbuf2) {
+			if (!astbuf2 && !astbuf1->is_custom_type) {
 				addRange(astbuf1, 0, 0, false);
 			}
 			rewriteAsMemoryNode(astbuf1, $5);
@@ -2484,7 +2497,7 @@ assert:
 			delete $5;
 		} else {
 			AstNode *node = new AstNode(assume_asserts_mode ? AST_ASSUME : AST_ASSERT, $5);
-			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @6);
+			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @6);
 			if ($1 != nullptr)
 				node->str = *$1;
 			ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(node);
@@ -2497,7 +2510,7 @@ assert:
 			delete $5;
 		} else {
 			AstNode *node = new AstNode(assert_assumes_mode ? AST_ASSERT : AST_ASSUME, $5);
-			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @6);
+			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @6);
 			if ($1 != nullptr)
 				node->str = *$1;
 			ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(node);
@@ -2510,7 +2523,7 @@ assert:
 			delete $6;
 		} else {
 			AstNode *node = new AstNode(assume_asserts_mode ? AST_FAIR : AST_LIVE, $6);
-			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @7);
+			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @7);
 			if ($1 != nullptr)
 				node->str = *$1;
 			ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(node);
@@ -2523,7 +2536,7 @@ assert:
 			delete $6;
 		} else {
 			AstNode *node = new AstNode(assert_assumes_mode ? AST_LIVE : AST_FAIR, $6);
-			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @7);
+			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @7);
 			if ($1 != nullptr)
 				node->str = *$1;
 			ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(node);
@@ -2533,7 +2546,7 @@ assert:
 	} |
 	opt_sva_label TOK_COVER opt_property '(' expr ')' ';' {
 		AstNode *node = new AstNode(AST_COVER, $5);
-		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @6);
+		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @6);
 		if ($1 != nullptr) {
 			node->str = *$1;
 			delete $1;
@@ -2542,7 +2555,7 @@ assert:
 	} |
 	opt_sva_label TOK_COVER opt_property '(' ')' ';' {
 		AstNode *node = new AstNode(AST_COVER, AstNode::mkconst_int(1, false));
-		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @5);
+		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @5);
 		if ($1 != nullptr) {
 			node->str = *$1;
 			delete $1;
@@ -2551,7 +2564,7 @@ assert:
 	} |
 	opt_sva_label TOK_COVER ';' {
 		AstNode *node = new AstNode(AST_COVER, AstNode::mkconst_int(1, false));
-		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @2);
+		SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @2);
 		if ($1 != nullptr) {
 			node->str = *$1;
 			delete $1;
@@ -2563,7 +2576,7 @@ assert:
 			delete $5;
 		} else {
 			AstNode *node = new AstNode(AST_ASSUME, $5);
-			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @6);
+			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @6);
 			if ($1 != nullptr)
 				node->str = *$1;
 			ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(node);
@@ -2578,7 +2591,7 @@ assert:
 			delete $6;
 		} else {
 			AstNode *node = new AstNode(AST_FAIR, $6);
-			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, @1, @7);
+			SET_AST_NODE_LOC(node, ($1 != nullptr ? @1 : @2), @7);
 			if ($1 != nullptr)
 				node->str = *$1;
 			ast_stack.back()->children.push_back(node);

kernel/celltypes.h

@@ -102,11 +102,13 @@ struct CellTypes
 		setup_type(ID($specify3), {ID::EN, ID::SRC, ID::DST, ID::DAT}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
 		setup_type(ID($specrule), {ID::EN_SRC, ID::EN_DST, ID::SRC, ID::DST}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>(), true);
 		setup_type(ID($print), {ID::EN, ID::ARGS, ID::TRG}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
+		setup_type(ID($check), {ID::A, ID::EN, ID::ARGS, ID::TRG}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
 		setup_type(ID($set_tag), {ID::A, ID::SET, ID::CLR}, {ID::Y});
 		setup_type(ID($get_tag), {ID::A}, {ID::Y});
 		setup_type(ID($overwrite_tag), {ID::A, ID::SET, ID::CLR}, pool<RTLIL::IdString>());
 		setup_type(ID($original_tag), {ID::A}, {ID::Y});
 		setup_type(ID($future_ff), {ID::A}, {ID::Y});
+		setup_type(ID($scopeinfo), {}, {});
 	}
 
 	void setup_internals_eval()

kernel/constids.inc

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ X(equiv_merged)
 X(equiv_region)
 X(extract_order)
 X(F)
+X(FLAVOR)
 X(FORMAT)
 X(force_downto)
 X(force_upto)

kernel/driver.cc

@@ -92,8 +92,15 @@ int getopt(int argc, char **argv, const char *optstring)
 		return optopt;
 	}
 
-	optarg = argv[++optind];
+	if (++optind >= argc) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s: option '-%c' expects an argument\n", argv[0], optopt);
+		optopt = '?';
+		return optopt;
+	}
+
+	optarg = argv[optind];
 	optind++, optcur = 1;
+
 	return optopt;
 }
 
@@ -243,14 +250,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	bool mode_v = false;
 	bool mode_q = false;
 
-#if defined(YOSYS_ENABLE_READLINE) || defined(YOSYS_ENABLE_EDITLINE)
-	if (getenv("HOME") != NULL) {
-		yosys_history_file = stringf("%s/.yosys_history", getenv("HOME"));
-		read_history(yosys_history_file.c_str());
-		yosys_history_offset = where_history();
-	}
-#endif
-
 	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-h") || !strcmp(argv[1], "-help") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")))
 	{
 		printf("\n");
@@ -538,6 +537,36 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (print_banner)
 		yosys_banner();
 
+#if defined(YOSYS_ENABLE_READLINE) || defined(YOSYS_ENABLE_EDITLINE)
+	std::string state_dir;
+	#if defined(_WIN32)
+		if (getenv("HOMEDRIVE") != NULL && getenv("HOMEPATH") != NULL) {
+			state_dir = stringf("%s%s/.local/state", getenv("HOMEDRIVE"), getenv("HOMEPATH"));
+		} else {
+			log_debug("$HOMEDRIVE and/or $HOMEPATH is empty. No history file will be created.\n");
+		}
+	#else
+		if (getenv("XDG_STATE_HOME") == NULL || getenv("XDG_STATE_HOME")[0] == '\0') {
+			if (getenv("HOME") != NULL) {
+				state_dir = stringf("%s/.local/state", getenv("HOME"));
+			} else {
+				log_debug("$HOME is empty. No history file will be created.\n");
+			}
+		} else {
+			state_dir = stringf("%s", getenv("XDG_STATE_HOME"));
+		}
+	#endif
+
+	if (!state_dir.empty()) {
+		std::string yosys_dir = state_dir + "/yosys";
+		create_directory(yosys_dir);
+
+		yosys_history_file = yosys_dir + "/history";
+		read_history(yosys_history_file.c_str());
+		yosys_history_offset = where_history();
+	}
+#endif
+
 	if (print_stats)
 		log_hasher = new SHA1;
 
@@ -569,6 +598,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	for (auto &fn : plugin_filenames)
 		load_plugin(fn, {});
 
+	log_suppressed();
+
 	if (!vlog_defines.empty()) {
 		std::string vdef_cmd = "read -define";
 		for (auto vdef : vlog_defines)

kernel/hashlib.h

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+
 namespace hashlib {
 
 const int hashtable_size_trigger = 2;

kernel/register.cc

@@ -108,9 +108,8 @@ Pass::Pass(std::string name, std::string short_help) : pass_name(name), short_he
 
 void Pass::run_register()
 {
-	if (pass_register.count(pass_name))
+	if (pass_register.count(pass_name) && !replace_existing_pass())
 		log_error("Unable to register pass '%s', pass already exists!\n", pass_name.c_str());
-
 	pass_register[pass_name] = this;
 }
 
@@ -447,13 +446,12 @@ Frontend::Frontend(std::string name, std::string short_help) :
 
 void Frontend::run_register()
 {
-	if (pass_register.count(pass_name))
+	if (pass_register.count(pass_name) && !replace_existing_pass())
 		log_error("Unable to register pass '%s', pass already exists!\n", pass_name.c_str());
 	pass_register[pass_name] = this;
 
-	if (frontend_register.count(frontend_name))
+	if (frontend_register.count(frontend_name) && !replace_existing_pass())
 		log_error("Unable to register frontend '%s', frontend already exists!\n", frontend_name.c_str());
-
 	frontend_register[frontend_name] = this;
 }
 
@@ -993,4 +991,44 @@ struct MinisatSatSolver : public SatSolver {
 	}
 } MinisatSatSolver;
 
+struct LicensePass : public Pass {
+	LicensePass() : Pass("license", "print license terms") { }
+	void help() override
+	{
+		log("\n");
+		log("    license\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("This command produces the following notice.\n");
+		notice();
+	}
+	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design*) override
+	{
+		notice();
+	}
+	void notice()
+	{
+		log("\n");
+		log(" /----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\\n");
+		log(" |                                                                            |\n");
+		log(" |  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite                                       |\n");
+		log(" |                                                                            |\n");
+		log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2024  Claire Xenia Wolf <claire@yosyshq.com>         |\n");
+		log(" |                                                                            |\n");
+		log(" |  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any  |\n");
+		log(" |  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above    |\n");
+		log(" |  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.         |\n");
+		log(" |                                                                            |\n");
+		log(" |  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES  |\n");
+		log(" |  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF          |\n");
+		log(" |  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR   |\n");
+		log(" |  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES    |\n");
+		log(" |  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN     |\n");
+		log(" |  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF   |\n");
+		log(" |  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.            |\n");
+		log(" |                                                                            |\n");
+		log(" \\----------------------------------------------------------------------------/\n");
+		log("\n");
+	}
+} LicensePass;
+
 YOSYS_NAMESPACE_END

kernel/register.h

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ struct Pass
 
 	virtual void on_register();
 	virtual void on_shutdown();
+	virtual bool replace_existing_pass() const { return false; }
 };
 
 struct ScriptPass : Pass

kernel/rtlil.cc

@@ -1068,6 +1068,12 @@ namespace {
 				error(__LINE__);
 		}
 
+		std::string param_string(const RTLIL::IdString &name)
+		{
+			param(name);
+			return cell->parameters.at(name).decode_string();
+		}
+
 		void port(const RTLIL::IdString& name, int width)
 		{
 			auto it = cell->connections_.find(name);
@@ -1747,6 +1753,31 @@ namespace {
 				return;
 			}
 
+			if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+				std::string flavor = param_string(ID(FLAVOR));
+				if (!(flavor == "assert" || flavor == "assume" || flavor == "live" || flavor == "fair" || flavor == "cover"))
+					error(__LINE__);
+				param(ID(FORMAT));
+				param_bool(ID::TRG_ENABLE);
+				param(ID::TRG_POLARITY);
+				param(ID::PRIORITY);
+				port(ID::A, 1);
+				port(ID::EN, 1);
+				port(ID::TRG, param(ID::TRG_WIDTH));
+				port(ID::ARGS, param(ID::ARGS_WIDTH));
+				check_expected();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo)) {
+				param(ID::TYPE);
+				check_expected();
+				std::string scope_type = cell->getParam(ID::TYPE).decode_string();
+				if (scope_type != "module" && scope_type != "struct")
+					error(__LINE__);
+				return;
+			}
+
 			if (cell->type == ID($_BUF_))    { port(ID::A,1); port(ID::Y,1); check_expected(); return; }
 			if (cell->type == ID($_NOT_))    { port(ID::A,1); port(ID::Y,1); check_expected(); return; }
 			if (cell->type == ID($_AND_))    { port(ID::A,1); port(ID::B,1); port(ID::Y,1); check_expected(); return; }
@@ -2157,17 +2188,10 @@ void RTLIL::Module::remove(const pool<RTLIL::Wire*> &wires)
 		}
 
 		void operator()(RTLIL::SigSpec &lhs, RTLIL::SigSpec &rhs) {
-			log_assert(GetSize(lhs) == GetSize(rhs));
+			// If a deleted wire occurs on the lhs or rhs we just remove that part
-			lhs.unpack();
+			// of the assignment
-			rhs.unpack();
+			lhs.remove2(*wires_p, &rhs);
-			for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(lhs); i++) {
+			rhs.remove2(*wires_p, &lhs);
-				RTLIL::SigBit &lhs_bit = lhs.bits_[i];
-				RTLIL::SigBit &rhs_bit = rhs.bits_[i];
-				if ((lhs_bit.wire != nullptr && wires_p->count(lhs_bit.wire)) || (rhs_bit.wire != nullptr && wires_p->count(rhs_bit.wire))) {
-					lhs_bit = State::Sx;
-					rhs_bit = State::Sx;
-				}
-			}
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -3693,6 +3717,9 @@ RTLIL::SigChunk::SigChunk(const RTLIL::SigBit &bit)
 
 RTLIL::SigChunk RTLIL::SigChunk::extract(int offset, int length) const
 {
+	log_assert(offset >= 0);
+	log_assert(length >= 0);
+	log_assert(offset + length <= width);
 	RTLIL::SigChunk ret;
 	if (wire) {
 		ret.wire = wire;
@@ -4238,6 +4265,34 @@ void RTLIL::SigSpec::remove2(const std::set<RTLIL::SigBit> &pattern, RTLIL::SigS
 	check();
 }
 
+void RTLIL::SigSpec::remove2(const pool<RTLIL::Wire*> &pattern, RTLIL::SigSpec *other)
+{
+	if (other)
+		cover("kernel.rtlil.sigspec.remove_other");
+	else
+		cover("kernel.rtlil.sigspec.remove");
+
+	unpack();
+
+	if (other != NULL) {
+		log_assert(width_ == other->width_);
+		other->unpack();
+	}
+
+	for (int i = GetSize(bits_) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		if (bits_[i].wire != NULL && pattern.count(bits_[i].wire)) {
+			bits_.erase(bits_.begin() + i);
+			width_--;
+			if (other != NULL) {
+				other->bits_.erase(other->bits_.begin() + i);
+				other->width_--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check();
+}
+
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::SigSpec::extract(const RTLIL::SigSpec &pattern, const RTLIL::SigSpec *other) const
 {
 	if (other)
@@ -4377,6 +4432,9 @@ void RTLIL::SigSpec::remove(int offset, int length)
 
 RTLIL::SigSpec RTLIL::SigSpec::extract(int offset, int length) const
 {
+	log_assert(offset >= 0);
+	log_assert(length >= 0);
+	log_assert(offset + length <= width_);
 	unpack();
 	cover("kernel.rtlil.sigspec.extract_pos");
 	return std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit>(bits_.begin() + offset, bits_.begin() + offset + length);

kernel/rtlil.h

@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ struct RTLIL::Const
 	inline unsigned int hash() const {
 		unsigned int h = mkhash_init;
 		for (auto b : bits)
-			mkhash(h, b);
+			h = mkhash(h, b);
 		return h;
 	}
 };
@@ -924,6 +924,7 @@ public:
 	void remove(const pool<RTLIL::SigBit> &pattern, RTLIL::SigSpec *other) const;
 	void remove2(const pool<RTLIL::SigBit> &pattern, RTLIL::SigSpec *other);
 	void remove2(const std::set<RTLIL::SigBit> &pattern, RTLIL::SigSpec *other);
+	void remove2(const pool<RTLIL::Wire*> &pattern, RTLIL::SigSpec *other);
 
 	void remove(int offset, int length = 1);
 	void remove_const();

kernel/satgen.cc

@@ -1379,6 +1379,11 @@ bool SatGen::importCell(RTLIL::Cell *cell, int timestep)
 		return true;
 	}
 
+	if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	// Unsupported internal cell types: $pow $fsm $mem*
 	// .. and all sequential cells with asynchronous inputs
 	return false;

kernel/scopeinfo.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2024  Jannis Harder <jix@yosyshq.com> <me@jix.one>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "kernel/scopeinfo.h"
+
+YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+template <typename I, typename Filter> void ModuleHdlnameIndex::index_items(I begin, I end, Filter filter)
+{
+	for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+		auto const &item = *begin;
+
+		if (!filter(item))
+			continue;
+		std::vector<IdString> path = parse_hdlname(item);
+		if (!path.empty())
+			lookup.emplace(item, tree.insert(path, item));
+	}
+}
+
+void ModuleHdlnameIndex::index()
+{
+	index_wires();
+	index_cells();
+}
+
+void ModuleHdlnameIndex::index_wires()
+{
+	auto wires = module->wires();
+	index_items(wires.begin(), wires.end(), [](Wire *) { return true; });
+}
+
+void ModuleHdlnameIndex::index_cells()
+{
+	auto cells = module->cells();
+	index_items(cells.begin(), cells.end(), [](Cell *) { return true; });
+}
+
+void ModuleHdlnameIndex::index_scopeinfo_cells()
+{
+	auto cells = module->cells();
+	index_items(cells.begin(), cells.end(), [](Cell *cell) { return cell->type == ID($scopeinfo); });
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> ModuleHdlnameIndex::scope_sources(Cursor cursor)
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> result;
+
+	for (; !cursor.is_root(); cursor = cursor.parent()) {
+		if (!cursor.has_entry()) {
+			result.push_back("");
+			result.push_back("");
+			continue;
+		}
+		Cell *cell = cursor.entry().cell();
+		if (cell == nullptr || cell->type != ID($scopeinfo)) {
+			result.push_back("");
+			result.push_back("");
+			continue;
+		}
+		result.push_back(scopeinfo_get_attribute(cell, ScopeinfoAttrs::Module, ID::src).decode_string());
+		result.push_back(scopeinfo_get_attribute(cell, ScopeinfoAttrs::Cell, ID::src).decode_string());
+	}
+
+	result.push_back(module->get_src_attribute());
+
+	std::reverse(result.begin(), result.end());
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static const char *attr_prefix(ScopeinfoAttrs attrs)
+{
+	switch (attrs) {
+	case ScopeinfoAttrs::Cell:
+		return "\\cell_";
+	case ScopeinfoAttrs::Module:
+		return "\\module_";
+	default:
+		log_abort();
+	}
+}
+
+bool scopeinfo_has_attribute(const RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo, ScopeinfoAttrs attrs, const RTLIL::IdString &id)
+{
+	log_assert(scopeinfo->type == ID($scopeinfo));
+	return scopeinfo->has_attribute(attr_prefix(attrs) + RTLIL::unescape_id(id));
+}
+
+RTLIL::Const scopeinfo_get_attribute(const RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo, ScopeinfoAttrs attrs, const RTLIL::IdString &id)
+{
+	log_assert(scopeinfo->type == ID($scopeinfo));
+	auto found = scopeinfo->attributes.find(attr_prefix(attrs) + RTLIL::unescape_id(id));
+	if (found == scopeinfo->attributes.end())
+		return RTLIL::Const();
+	return found->second;
+}
+
+dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> scopeinfo_attributes(const RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo, ScopeinfoAttrs attrs)
+{
+	dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> attributes;
+
+	const char *prefix = attr_prefix(attrs);
+	int prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
+
+	for (auto const &entry : scopeinfo->attributes)
+		if (entry.first.begins_with(prefix))
+			attributes.emplace(RTLIL::escape_id(entry.first.c_str() + prefix_len), entry.second);
+
+	return attributes;
+}
+
+YOSYS_NAMESPACE_END

kernel/scopeinfo.h

@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+/*
+ *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2024  Jannis Harder <jix@yosyshq.com> <me@jix.one>
+ *
+ *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef SCOPEINFO_H
+#define SCOPEINFO_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "kernel/yosys.h"
+#include "kernel/celltypes.h"
+
+YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+template<typename T>
+class IdTree
+{
+public:
+	struct Cursor;
+
+protected:
+	IdTree *parent = nullptr;
+	IdString scope_name;
+	int depth = 0;
+
+	pool<IdString> names;
+	dict<IdString, T> entries;
+public: // XXX
+	dict<IdString, std::unique_ptr<IdTree>> subtrees;
+
+	template<typename P, typename T_ref>
+	static Cursor do_insert(IdTree *tree, P begin, P end, T_ref &&value)
+	{
+		log_assert(begin != end && "path must be non-empty");
+		while (true) {
+			IdString name = *begin;
+			++begin;
+			log_assert(!name.empty());
+			tree->names.insert(name);
+			if (begin == end) {
+				tree->entries.emplace(name, std::forward<T_ref>(value));
+				return Cursor(tree, name);
+			}
+			auto &unique = tree->subtrees[name];
+			if (!unique) {
+				unique.reset(new IdTree);
+				unique->scope_name = name;
+				unique->parent = tree;
+				unique->depth = tree->depth + 1;
+			}
+			tree = unique.get();
+		}
+	}
+
+public:
+	IdTree() = default;
+	IdTree(const IdTree &) = delete;
+	IdTree(IdTree &&) = delete;
+
+	// A cursor remains valid as long as the (sub-)IdTree it points at is alive
+	struct Cursor
+	{
+		friend class IdTree;
+	protected:
+	public:
+		IdTree *target;
+		IdString scope_name;
+
+		Cursor() : target(nullptr) {}
+		Cursor(IdTree *target, IdString scope_name) : target(target), scope_name(scope_name) {
+			if (scope_name.empty())
+				log_assert(target->parent == nullptr);
+		}
+
+		Cursor do_first_child() {
+			IdTree *tree = nullptr;
+			if (scope_name.empty()) {
+				tree = target;
+			} else {
+				auto found = target->subtrees.find(scope_name);
+				if (found != target->subtrees.end()) {
+					tree = found->second.get();
+				} else {
+					return Cursor();
+				}
+			}
+			if (tree->names.empty()) {
+				return Cursor();
+			}
+			return Cursor(tree, *tree->names.begin());
+		}
+
+		Cursor do_next_sibling() {
+			if (scope_name.empty())
+				return Cursor();
+			auto found = target->names.find(scope_name);
+			if (found == target->names.end())
+				return Cursor();
+			++found;
+			if (found == target->names.end())
+				return Cursor();
+			return Cursor(target, *found);
+		}
+
+		Cursor do_parent() {
+			if (scope_name.empty())
+				return Cursor();
+			if (target->parent != nullptr)
+				return Cursor(target->parent, target->scope_name);
+			return Cursor(target, IdString());
+		}
+
+		Cursor do_next_preorder() {
+			Cursor current = *this;
+			Cursor next = current.do_first_child();
+			if (next.valid())
+				return next;
+			while (current.valid()) {
+				if (next.valid())
+					return next;
+				next = current.do_next_sibling();
+				if (next.valid())
+					return next;
+				current = current.do_parent();
+			}
+			return current;
+		}
+
+		Cursor do_child(IdString name) {
+			IdTree *tree = nullptr;
+			if (scope_name.empty()) {
+				tree = target;
+			} else {
+				auto found = target->subtrees.find(scope_name);
+				if (found != target->subtrees.end()) {
+					tree = found->second.get();
+				} else {
+					return Cursor();
+				}
+			}
+			auto found = tree->names.find(name);
+			if (found == tree->names.end()) {
+				return Cursor();
+			}
+			return Cursor(tree, *found);
+		}
+
+	public:
+		bool operator==(const Cursor &other) const {
+			return target == other.target && scope_name == other.scope_name;
+		}
+		bool operator!=(const Cursor &other) const {
+			return !(*this == other);
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const {
+			return target != nullptr;
+		}
+
+		int depth() const {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			return target->depth + !scope_name.empty();
+		}
+
+		bool is_root() const {
+			return target != nullptr && scope_name.empty();
+		}
+
+		bool has_entry() const {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			return !scope_name.empty() && target->entries.count(scope_name);
+		}
+
+		T &entry() {
+			log_assert(!scope_name.empty());
+			return target->entries.at(scope_name);
+		}
+
+		void assign_path_to(std::vector<IdString> &out_path) {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			out_path.clear();
+			if (scope_name.empty())
+				return;
+			out_path.push_back(scope_name);
+			IdTree *current = target;
+			while (current->parent) {
+				out_path.push_back(current->scope_name);
+				current = current->parent;
+			}
+			std::reverse(out_path.begin(), out_path.end());
+		}
+
+		std::vector<IdString> path() {
+			std::vector<IdString> result;
+			assign_path_to(result);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		std::string path_str() {
+			std::string result;
+			for (const auto &item : path()) {
+				if (!result.empty())
+					result.push_back(' ');
+				result += RTLIL::unescape_id(item);
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		Cursor first_child() {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			return do_first_child();
+		}
+
+		Cursor next_preorder() {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			return do_next_preorder();
+		}
+
+		Cursor parent() {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			return do_parent();
+		}
+
+		Cursor child(IdString name) {
+			log_assert(valid());
+			return do_child(name);
+		}
+
+		Cursor common_ancestor(Cursor other) {
+			Cursor current = *this;
+
+			while (current != other) {
+				if (!current.valid() || !other.valid())
+					return Cursor();
+				int delta = current.depth() - other.depth();
+				if (delta >= 0)
+					current = current.do_parent();
+				if (delta <= 0)
+					other = other.do_parent();
+			}
+			return current;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template<typename P>
+	Cursor insert(P begin, P end, const T &value) {
+		return do_insert(this, begin, end, value);
+	}
+
+	template<typename P>
+	Cursor insert(P begin, P end, T &&value) {
+		return do_insert(this, begin, end, std::move(value));
+	}
+
+	template<typename P>
+	Cursor insert(const P &path, const T &value) {
+		return do_insert(this, path.begin(), path.end(), value);
+	}
+
+	template<typename P>
+	Cursor insert(const P &path, T &&value) {
+		return do_insert(this, path.begin(), path.end(), std::move(value));
+	}
+
+	Cursor cursor() {
+		return parent ? Cursor(this->parent, this->scope_name) : Cursor(this, IdString());
+	}
+
+	template<typename P>
+	Cursor cursor(P begin, P end) {
+		Cursor current = cursor();
+		for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+			current = current.do_child(*begin);
+			if (!current.valid())
+				break;
+		}
+		return current;
+	}
+
+	template<typename P>
+	Cursor cursor(const P &path) {
+		return cursor(path.begin(), path.end());
+	}
+};
+
+
+struct ModuleItem {
+	enum class Type {
+		Wire,
+		Cell,
+	};
+	Type type;
+	void *ptr;
+
+	ModuleItem(Wire *wire) : type(Type::Wire), ptr(wire) {}
+	ModuleItem(Cell *cell) : type(Type::Cell), ptr(cell) {}
+
+	bool is_wire() const { return type == Type::Wire; }
+	bool is_cell() const { return type == Type::Cell; }
+
+	Wire *wire() const { return type == Type::Wire ? static_cast<Wire *>(ptr) : nullptr; }
+	Cell *cell() const { return type == Type::Cell ? static_cast<Cell *>(ptr) : nullptr; }
+
+	bool operator==(const ModuleItem &other) const { return ptr == other.ptr && type == other.type; }
+	unsigned int hash() const { return (uintptr_t)ptr; }
+};
+
+static inline void log_dump_val_worker(typename IdTree<ModuleItem>::Cursor cursor ) { log("%p %s", cursor.target, log_id(cursor.scope_name)); }
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline void log_dump_val_worker(const typename std::unique_ptr<T> &cursor ) { log("unique %p", cursor.get()); }
+
+template<typename O>
+std::vector<IdString> parse_hdlname(const O* object)
+{
+	std::vector<IdString> path;
+	if (!object->name.isPublic())
+		return path;
+	for (auto const &item : object->get_hdlname_attribute())
+		path.push_back("\\" + item);
+	if (path.empty())
+		path.push_back(object->name);
+	return path;
+}
+
+template<typename O>
+std::pair<std::vector<IdString>, IdString> parse_scopename(const O* object)
+{
+	std::vector<IdString> path;
+	IdString trailing = object->name;
+	if (object->name.isPublic()) {
+		for (auto const &item : object->get_hdlname_attribute())
+			path.push_back("\\" + item);
+		if (!path.empty()) {
+			trailing = path.back();
+			path.pop_back();
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (auto const &item : split_tokens(object->get_string_attribute(ID(scopename)), " "))
+			path.push_back("\\" + item);
+
+	}
+	return {path, trailing};
+}
+
+struct ModuleHdlnameIndex {
+	typedef IdTree<ModuleItem>::Cursor Cursor;
+
+	RTLIL::Module *module;
+	IdTree<ModuleItem> tree;
+	dict<ModuleItem, Cursor> lookup;
+
+	ModuleHdlnameIndex(RTLIL::Module *module) : module(module) {}
+
+private:
+	template<typename I, typename Filter>
+	void index_items(I begin, I end, Filter filter);
+
+public:
+	// Index all wires and cells of the module
+	void index();
+
+	// Index all wires of the module
+	void index_wires();
+
+	// Index all cells of the module
+	void index_cells();
+
+	// Index only the $scopeinfo cells of the module.
+	// This is sufficient when using `containing_scope`.
+	void index_scopeinfo_cells();
+
+
+	// Return the cursor for the containing scope of some RTLIL object (Wire/Cell/...)
+	template<typename O>
+	std::pair<Cursor, IdString> containing_scope(O *object) {
+		auto pair = parse_scopename(object);
+		return {tree.cursor(pair.first), pair.second};
+	}
+
+	// Return a vector of source locations starting from the indexed module to
+	// the scope represented by the cursor. The vector alternates module and
+	// module item source locations, using empty strings for missing src
+	// attributes.
+	std::vector<std::string> scope_sources(Cursor cursor);
+
+	// Return a vector of source locations starting from the indexed module to
+	// the passed RTLIL object (Wire/Cell/...). The vector alternates module
+	// and module item source locations, using empty strings for missing src
+	// attributes.
+	template<typename O>
+	std::vector<std::string> sources(O *object) {
+		auto pair = parse_scopename(object);
+		std::vector<std::string> result = scope_sources(tree.cursor(pair.first));
+		result.push_back(object->get_src_attribute());
+		return result;
+	}
+};
+
+enum class ScopeinfoAttrs {
+	Module,
+	Cell,
+};
+
+// Check whether the flattened module or flattened cell corresponding to a $scopeinfo cell had a specific attribute.
+bool scopeinfo_has_attribute(const RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo, ScopeinfoAttrs attrs, const RTLIL::IdString &id);
+
+// Get a specific attribute from the flattened module or flattened cell corresponding to a $scopeinfo cell.
+RTLIL::Const scopeinfo_get_attribute(const RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo, ScopeinfoAttrs attrs, const RTLIL::IdString &id);
+
+// Get all attribute from the flattened module or flattened cell corresponding to a $scopeinfo cell.
+dict<RTLIL::IdString, RTLIL::Const> scopeinfo_attributes(const RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo, ScopeinfoAttrs attrs);
+
+YOSYS_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif

kernel/yosys.cc

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 #  include <glob.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
 #  include <sys/sysctl.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -138,27 +138,11 @@ void yosys_banner()
 {
 	log("\n");
 	log(" /----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\\n");
-	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
 	log(" |  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite                                       |\n");
-	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
+	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2024  Claire Xenia Wolf <claire@yosyshq.com>         |\n");
-	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2020  Claire Xenia Wolf <claire@yosyshq.com>         |\n");
+	log(" |  Distributed under an ISC-like license, type \"license\" to see terms        |\n");
-	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
-	log(" |  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any  |\n");
-	log(" |  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above    |\n");
-	log(" |  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.         |\n");
-	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
-	log(" |  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES  |\n");
-	log(" |  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF          |\n");
-	log(" |  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR   |\n");
-	log(" |  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES    |\n");
-	log(" |  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN     |\n");
-	log(" |  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF   |\n");
-	log(" |  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.            |\n");
-	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
 	log(" \\----------------------------------------------------------------------------/\n");
-	log("\n");
 	log(" %s\n", yosys_version_str);
-	log("\n");
 }
 
 int ceil_log2(int x)
@@ -436,6 +420,25 @@ std::string make_temp_dir(std::string template_str)
 #endif
 }
 
+bool check_directory_exists(const std::string& dirname)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	struct _stat info;
+	if (_stat(dirname.c_str(), &info) != 0)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return (info.st_mode & _S_IFDIR) != 0;
+#else
+	struct stat info;
+	if (stat(dirname.c_str(), &info) != 0)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return (info.st_mode & S_IFDIR) != 0;
+#endif
+}
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 bool check_file_exists(std::string filename, bool)
 {
@@ -481,6 +484,48 @@ void remove_directory(std::string dirname)
 #endif
 }
 
+bool create_directory(const std::string& dirname)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	int ret = _mkdir(dirname.c_str());
+#else
+	mode_t mode = 0755;
+	int ret = mkdir(dirname.c_str(), mode);
+#endif
+	if (ret == 0)
+		return true;
+
+	switch (errno)
+	{
+	case ENOENT:
+		// parent didn't exist, try to create it
+		{
+			std::string::size_type pos = dirname.find_last_of('/');
+			if (pos == std::string::npos)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+				pos = dirname.find_last_of('\\');
+			if (pos == std::string::npos)
+#endif
+				return false;
+			if (!create_directory( dirname.substr(0, pos) ))
+				return false;
+		}
+		// now, try to create again
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+		return 0 == _mkdir(dirname.c_str());
+#else
+		return 0 == mkdir(dirname.c_str(), mode);
+#endif
+
+	case EEXIST:
+		// done!
+		return check_directory_exists(dirname);
+
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
 std::string escape_filename_spaces(const std::string& filename)
 {
 	std::string out;
@@ -856,10 +901,14 @@ std::string proc_self_dirname()
 		buflen--;
 	return std::string(path, buflen);
 }
-#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
 std::string proc_self_dirname()
 {
+#ifdef __NetBSD__
+	int mib[4] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC_ARGS, getpid(), KERN_PROC_PATHNAME};
+#else
 	int mib[4] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1};
+#endif
 	size_t buflen;
 	char *buffer;
 	std::string path;

kernel/yosys.h

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 
 #ifdef WITH_PYTHON
 #include <Python.h>
@@ -341,8 +343,10 @@ std::string get_base_tmpdir();
 std::string make_temp_file(std::string template_str = get_base_tmpdir() + "/yosys_XXXXXX");
 std::string make_temp_dir(std::string template_str = get_base_tmpdir() + "/yosys_XXXXXX");
 bool check_file_exists(std::string filename, bool is_exec = false);
+bool check_directory_exists(const std::string& dirname);
 bool is_absolute_path(std::string filename);
 void remove_directory(std::string dirname);
+bool create_directory(const std::string& dirname);
 std::string escape_filename_spaces(const std::string& filename);
 
 template<typename T> int GetSize(const T &obj) { return obj.size(); }

libs/ezsat/Makefile

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 
 CC = clang
-CXX = clang
+CXX = clang++
 CXXFLAGS = -MD -Wall -Wextra -ggdb
 CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11 -O0
-LDLIBS = ../minisat/Options.cc ../minisat/SimpSolver.cc ../minisat/Solver.cc ../minisat/System.cc -lm -lstdc++
+LIBS = ../minisat/Options.cc ../minisat/SimpSolver.cc ../minisat/Solver.cc ../minisat/System.cc -lm -lstdc++
 
 
 all: demo_vec demo_bit demo_cmp testbench puzzle3d
@@ -27,4 +27,3 @@ clean:
 .PHONY: all test clean
 
 -include *.d
-

libs/subcircuit/Makefile

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ CONFIG := clang-debug
 # CONFIG := release
 
 CC = clang
-CXX = clang
+CXX = clang++
 CXXFLAGS = -MD -Wall -Wextra -ggdb
-LDLIBS = -lstdc++
+LIBS = -lstdc++
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),clang-debug)
 CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11 -O0
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),gcc-debug)
 CC = gcc
-CXX = gcc
+CXX = g++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=gnu++0x -O0
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),profile)
 CC = gcc
-CXX = gcc
+CXX = g++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=gnu++0x -Os -DNDEBUG
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG),release)
 CC = gcc
-CXX = gcc
+CXX = g++
 CXXFLAGS += -std=gnu++0x -march=native -O3 -DNDEBUG
 endif
 
@@ -50,4 +50,3 @@ clean:
 .PHONY: all test clean
 
 -include *.d
-

misc/py_wrap_generator.py

@@ -1257,6 +1257,7 @@ class WFunction:
 		func.is_static = False
 		func.is_inline = False
 		func.is_virtual = False
+		func.is_const = False
 		func.ret_attr_type = attr_types.default
 		func.is_operator = False
 		func.member_of = None
@@ -1334,6 +1335,11 @@ class WFunction:
 		found = find_closing(str_def, "(", ")")
 		if found == -1:
 			return None
+
+		post_qualifiers = str_def[found + 1:].lstrip().replace("{", " {") + " "
+		if post_qualifiers.startswith("const "):
+			func.is_const = True
+
 		str_def = str_def[0:found]
 		if func.name in blacklist_methods:
 			return None
@@ -1379,6 +1385,12 @@ class WFunction:
 	def gen_alias(self):
 		self.alias = self.mangled_name
 
+	def gen_post_qualifiers(self, derived=False):
+		if self.member_of != None and self.member_of.link_type == link_types.derive and self.is_virtual and derived:
+			# we drop the qualifiers when deriving callbacks to be implemented in Python
+			return ''
+		return ' const' if self.is_const else ''
+
 	def gen_decl(self):
 		if self.duplicate:
 			return ""
@@ -1392,7 +1404,7 @@ class WFunction:
 			text += ", "
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
 			text = text[:-2]
-		text += ");\n"
+		text += f"){self.gen_post_qualifiers()};\n"
 		return text
 
 	def gen_decl_virtual(self):
@@ -1411,12 +1423,18 @@ class WFunction:
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
 			text = text[:-2]
 		text += ")"
-		if len(self.args) == 0:
+		if len(self.args) == 0 and self.ret_type.name == "void":
 			text += "{}"
 		else:
 			text += "\n\t\t{"
 			for arg in self.args:
 				text += "\n\t\t\t(void)" + arg.gen_varname() + ";"
+			if self.ret_type.name == "void":
+				pass
+			elif self.ret_type.name == "bool":
+				text += "\n\t\t\treturn false;"
+			else:
+				raise NotImplementedError(self.ret_type.name)
 			text += "\n\t\t}\n"
 		text += "\n\t\tvirtual "
 		if self.is_static:
@@ -1427,7 +1445,7 @@ class WFunction:
 			text += ", "
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
 			text = text[:-2]
-		text += ") override;\n"
+		text += f"){self.gen_post_qualifiers()} override;\n"
 		return text
 
 	def gen_decl_hash_py(self):
@@ -1452,7 +1470,7 @@ class WFunction:
 			text += ", "
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
 			text = text[:-2]
-		text +=")\n\t{"
+		text += f"){self.gen_post_qualifiers()}\n\t{{"
 		for arg in self.args:
 			text += arg.gen_translation()
 		text += "\n\t\t"
@@ -1507,16 +1525,17 @@ class WFunction:
 			text += ", "
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
 			text = text[:-2]
-		text += ")\n\t{"
+		text += f"){self.gen_post_qualifiers()}\n\t{{"
 		for arg in self.args:
 			text += arg.gen_translation_cpp()
-		text += "\n\t\t"
+		return_stmt = "return " if self.ret_type.name != "void" else ""
+		text += f"\n\t\t{return_stmt}"
 		if self.member_of == None:
 			text += "::" + self.namespace + "::" + self.alias + "("
 		elif self.is_static:
 			text += self.member_of.namespace + "::" + self.member_of.name + "::" + self.name + "("
 		else:
-			text += "py_" + self.alias + "("
+			text += f"const_cast<{self.member_of.name}*>(this)->py_" + self.alias + "("
 		for arg in self.args:
 			text += arg.gen_call_cpp() + ", "
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
@@ -1547,11 +1566,13 @@ class WFunction:
 			call_string = call_string[0:-2]
 		call_string += ");"
 
+		return_stmt = "return " if self.ret_type.name != "void" else ""
+
 		text += ")\n\t\t{"
 		text += "\n\t\t\tif (boost::python::override py_" + self.alias + " = this->get_override(\"py_" + self.alias + "\"))"
-		text += "\n\t\t\t\t" + call_string
+		text += f"\n\t\t\t\t{return_stmt}" + call_string
 		text += "\n\t\t\telse"
-		text += "\n\t\t\t\t" + self.member_of.name + "::" + call_string
+		text += f"\n\t\t\t\t{return_stmt}" + self.member_of.name + "::" + call_string
 		text += "\n\t\t}"
 
 		text += "\n\n\t\t" + self.ret_type.gen_text() + " default_py_" + self.alias + "("
@@ -1559,8 +1580,8 @@ class WFunction:
 			text += arg.gen_listitem() + ", "
 		if len(self.args) > 0:
 			text = text[:-2]
-		text += ")\n\t\t{"
+		text += f")\n\t\t{{"
-		text += "\n\t\t\tthis->" + self.member_of.name + "::" + call_string
+		text += f"\n\t\t\t{return_stmt}this->" + self.member_of.name + "::" + call_string
 		text += "\n\t\t}"
 		return text
 
@@ -1584,9 +1605,9 @@ class WFunction:
 			for a in self.args:
 				text += a.gen_listitem_hash() + ", "
 			if len(self.args) > 0:
-				text = text[0:-2] + ")>"
+				text = text[0:-2] + f"){self.gen_post_qualifiers(True)}>"
 			else:
-				text += "void)>"
+				text += f"void){self.gen_post_qualifiers(True)}>"
 
 		if self.is_operator:
 			text += "(\"" + wrappable_operators[self.name.replace("operator","")] + "\""

misc/yosys-config.in

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ help() {
 		echo "Replacement args:"
 		echo "    --cxx         @CXX@"
 		echo "    --cxxflags    $( echo '@CXXFLAGS@' | fmt -w60 | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ \\\n                      /g' )"
-		echo "    --ldflags     @LDFLAGS@"
+		echo "    --linkflags   @LINKFLAGS@"
-		echo "    --ldlibs      @LDLIBS@"
+		echo "    --ldflags     (alias of --linkflags)"
+		echo "    --libs        @LIBS@"
+		echo "    --ldlibs      (alias of --libs)"
 		echo "    --bindir      @BINDIR@"
 		echo "    --datdir      @DATDIR@"
 		echo ""
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ help() {
 		echo ""
 		echo "Use --exec to call a command instead of generating output. Example usage:"
 		echo ""
-		echo "  $0 --exec --cxx --cxxflags --ldflags -o plugin.so -shared plugin.cc --ldlibs"
+		echo "  $0 --exec --cxx --cxxflags --ldflags -o plugin.so -shared plugin.cc --libs"
 		echo ""
 		echo "The above command can be abbreviated as:"
 		echo ""
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ fi
 
 if [ "$1" == "--build" ]; then
 	modname="$2"; shift 2
-	set -- --exec --cxx --cxxflags --ldflags -o "$modname" -shared "$@" --ldlibs
+	set -- --exec --cxx --cxxflags --ldflags -o "$modname" -shared "$@" --libs
 fi
 
 prefix="--"
@@ -63,10 +65,14 @@ for opt; do
 			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @CXX@       ) ;;
 		"$prefix"cxxflags)
 			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @CXXFLAGS@  ) ;;
+		"$prefix"linkflags)
+			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @LINKFLAGS@   ) ;;
+		"$prefix"libs)
+			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @LIBS@    ) ;;
 		"$prefix"ldflags)
-			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @LDFLAGS@   ) ;;
+			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @LINKFLAGS@   ) ;;
 		"$prefix"ldlibs)
-			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @LDLIBS@    ) ;;
+			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}"  @LIBS@    ) ;;
 		"$prefix"bindir)
 			tokens=( "${tokens[@]}" '@BINDIR@'   ) ;;
 		"$prefix"datdir)
@@ -104,4 +110,3 @@ fi
 
 echo "${tokens[@]}"
 exit 0
-

passes/cmds/chformal.cc

@@ -23,6 +23,52 @@
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
+static RTLIL::IdString formal_flavor(RTLIL::Cell *cell)
+{
+	if (cell->type != ID($check))
+		return cell->type;
+
+	std::string flavor_param = cell->getParam(ID(FLAVOR)).decode_string();
+	if (flavor_param == "assert")
+		return ID($assert);
+	else if (flavor_param == "assume")
+		return ID($assume);
+	else if (flavor_param == "cover")
+		return ID($cover);
+	else if (flavor_param == "live")
+		return ID($live);
+	else if (flavor_param == "fair")
+		return ID($fair);
+	else
+		log_abort();
+}
+
+static void set_formal_flavor(RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::IdString flavor)
+{
+	if (cell->type != ID($check)) {
+		cell->type = flavor;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (flavor == ID($assert))
+		cell->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), std::string("assert"));
+	else if (flavor == ID($assume))
+		cell->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), std::string("assume"));
+	else if (flavor == ID($cover))
+		cell->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), std::string("cover"));
+	else if (flavor == ID($live))
+		cell->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), std::string("live"));
+	else if (flavor == ID($fair))
+		cell->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), std::string("fair"));
+	else
+		log_abort();
+}
+
+static bool is_triggered_check_cell(RTLIL::Cell * cell)
+{
+	return cell->type == ID($check) && cell->getParam(ID(TRG_ENABLE)).as_bool();
+}
+
 struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 	ChformalPass() : Pass("chformal", "change formal constraints of the design") { }
 	void help() override
@@ -41,13 +87,18 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 		log("    -fair         $fair cells, representing assume(s_eventually ...)\n");
 		log("    -cover        $cover cells, representing cover() statements\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    Additionally chformal will operate on $check cells corresponding to the\n");
+		log("    selected constraint types.\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("Exactly one of the following modes must be specified:\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -remove\n");
 		log("        remove the cells and thus constraints from the design\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -early\n");
-		log("        bypass FFs that only delay the activation of a constraint\n");
+		log("        bypass FFs that only delay the activation of a constraint. When inputs\n");
+		log("        of the bypassed FFs do not remain stable between clock edges, this may\n");
+		log("        result in unexpected behavior.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -delay <N>\n");
 		log("        delay activation of the constraint by <N> clock cycles\n");
@@ -69,6 +120,11 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 		log("    -fair2live\n");
 		log("        change the roles of cells as indicated. these options can be combined\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -lower\n");
+		log("        convert each $check cell into an $assert, $assume, $live, $fair or\n");
+		log("        $cover cell. If the $check cell contains a message, also produce a\n");
+		log("        $print cell.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
 	{
@@ -146,6 +202,10 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 				mode = 'c';
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (mode == 0 && args[argidx] == "-lower") {
+				mode = 'l';
+				continue;
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
@@ -166,7 +226,7 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 			vector<Cell*> constr_cells;
 
 			for (auto cell : module->selected_cells())
-				if (constr_types.count(cell->type))
+				if (constr_types.count(formal_flavor(cell)))
 					constr_cells.push_back(cell);
 
 			if (mode == 'r')
@@ -216,6 +276,18 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				for (auto cell : constr_cells)
+				{
+					if (is_triggered_check_cell(cell)) {
+						if (cell->getParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH).as_int() != 1)
+							continue;
+						cell->setPort(ID::TRG, SigSpec());
+						cell->setParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE, false);
+						cell->setParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH, 0);
+						cell->setParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY, false);
+					}
+
+					IdString flavor = formal_flavor(cell);
+
 					while (true)
 					{
 						SigSpec A = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
@@ -225,8 +297,8 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 							break;
 
 						if (!init_zero.count(EN)) {
-							if (cell->type == ID($cover)) break;
+							if (flavor == ID($cover)) break;
-							if (cell->type.in(ID($assert), ID($assume)) && !init_one.count(A)) break;
+							if (flavor.in(ID($assert), ID($assume)) && !init_one.count(A)) break;
 						}
 
 						const auto &A_map = ffmap.at(A);
@@ -239,10 +311,15 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 						cell->setPort(ID::EN, EN_map.first);
 					}
 				}
+			}
 			else
 			if (mode == 'd')
 			{
 				for (auto cell : constr_cells)
+				{
+					if (is_triggered_check_cell(cell))
+						log_error("Cannot delay edge triggered $check cell %s, run async2sync or clk2fflogic first.\n", log_id(cell));
+
 					for (int i = 0; i < mode_arg; i++)
 					{
 						SigSpec orig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
@@ -259,6 +336,7 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 						cell->setPort(ID::EN, new_en);
 					}
 				}
+			}
 			else
 			if (mode == 's')
 			{
@@ -278,21 +356,76 @@ struct ChformalPass : public Pass {
 			if (mode =='p')
 			{
 				for (auto cell : constr_cells)
+				{
+					if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+						Cell *cover = module->addCell(NEW_ID_SUFFIX("coverenable"), ID($check));
+						cover->attributes = cell->attributes;
+						cover->parameters = cell->parameters;
+						cover->setParam(ID(FLAVOR), Const("cover"));
+
+						for (auto const &conn : cell->connections())
+							if (!conn.first.in(ID::A, ID::EN))
+								cover->setPort(conn.first, conn.second);
+						cover->setPort(ID::A, cell->getPort(ID::EN));
+						cover->setPort(ID::EN, State::S1);
+					} else {
 						module->addCover(NEW_ID_SUFFIX("coverenable"),
 							cell->getPort(ID::EN), State::S1, cell->get_src_attribute());
 					}
+				}
+			}
 			else
 			if (mode == 'c')
 			{
-				for (auto cell : constr_cells)
+				for (auto cell : constr_cells) {
-					if (assert2assume && cell->type == ID($assert))
+					IdString flavor = formal_flavor(cell);
-						cell->type = ID($assume);
+					if (assert2assume && flavor == ID($assert))
-					else if (assume2assert && cell->type == ID($assume))
+						set_formal_flavor(cell, ID($assume));
-						cell->type = ID($assert);
+					else if (assume2assert && flavor == ID($assume))
-					else if (live2fair && cell->type == ID($live))
+						set_formal_flavor(cell, ID($assert));
-						cell->type = ID($fair);
+					else if (live2fair && flavor == ID($live))
-					else if (fair2live && cell->type == ID($fair))
+						set_formal_flavor(cell, ID($fair));
-						cell->type = ID($live);
+					else if (fair2live && flavor == ID($fair))
+						set_formal_flavor(cell, ID($live));
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			if (mode == 'l')
+			{
+				for (auto cell : constr_cells) {
+					if (cell->type != ID($check))
+						continue;
+
+					if (is_triggered_check_cell(cell))
+						log_error("Cannot lower edge triggered $check cell %s, run async2sync or clk2fflogic first.\n", log_id(cell));
+
+
+					Cell *plain_cell = module->addCell(NEW_ID, formal_flavor(cell));
+
+					plain_cell->attributes = cell->attributes;
+
+					SigBit sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+					SigBit sig_en = cell->getPort(ID::EN);
+
+					plain_cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a);
+					plain_cell->setPort(ID::EN, sig_en);
+
+					if (plain_cell->type.in(ID($assert), ID($assume)))
+						sig_a = module->Not(NEW_ID, sig_a);
+
+					SigBit combined_en = module->And(NEW_ID, sig_a, sig_en);
+
+					module->swap_names(cell, plain_cell);
+
+					if (cell->getPort(ID::ARGS).empty()) {
+						module->remove(cell);
+					} else {
+						cell->type = ID($print);
+						cell->setPort(ID::EN, combined_en);
+						cell->unsetPort(ID::A);
+						cell->unsetParam(ID(FLAVOR));
+					}
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

passes/cmds/connect.cc

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct ConnectPass : public Pass {
 	{
 		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
 		log("\n");
-		log("    connect [-nomap] [-nounset] -set <lhs-expr> <rhs-expr>\n");
+		log("    connect [-nomap] [-nounset] -set <lhs-expr> <rhs-expr> [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("Create a connection. This is equivalent to adding the statement 'assign\n");
 		log("<lhs-expr> = <rhs-expr>;' to the Verilog input. Per default, all existing\n");
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ struct ConnectPass : public Pass {
 		log("the -nounset option.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    connect [-nomap] -unset <expr>\n");
+		log("    connect [-nomap] -unset <expr> [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("Unconnect all existing drivers for the specified expression.\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    connect [-nomap] [-assert] -port <cell> <port> <expr>\n");
+		log("    connect [-nomap] [-assert] -port <cell> <port> <expr> [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("Connect the specified cell port to the specified cell port.\n");
 		log("\n");
@@ -80,17 +80,6 @@ struct ConnectPass : public Pass {
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
 	{
-		RTLIL::Module *module = nullptr;
-		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules()) {
-			if (module != nullptr)
-				log_cmd_error("Multiple modules selected: %s, %s\n", log_id(module->name), log_id(mod->name));
-			module = mod;
-		}
-		if (module == nullptr)
-			log_cmd_error("No modules selected.\n");
-		if (!module->processes.empty())
-			log_cmd_error("Found processes in selected module.\n");
-
 		bool flag_nounset = false, flag_nomap = false, flag_assert = false;
 		std::string set_lhs, set_rhs, unset_expr;
 		std::string port_cell, port_port, port_expr;
@@ -128,6 +117,18 @@ struct ConnectPass : public Pass {
 			}
 			break;
 		}
+		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
+
+		RTLIL::Module *module = nullptr;
+		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (module != nullptr)
+				log_cmd_error("Multiple modules selected: %s, %s\n", log_id(module->name), log_id(mod->name));
+			module = mod;
+		}
+		if (module == nullptr)
+			log_cmd_error("No modules selected.\n");
+		if (!module->processes.empty())
+			log_cmd_error("Found processes in selected module.\n");
 
 		SigMap sigmap;
 		if (!flag_nomap)

passes/cmds/plugin.cc

@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ void load_plugin(std::string filename, std::vector<std::string> aliases)
 
 			loaded_plugins[orig_filename] = hdl;
 			Pass::init_register();
-
 		}
 	}
 

passes/cmds/show.cc

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ struct ShowWorker
 	bool enumerateIds;
 	bool abbreviateIds;
 	bool notitle;
+	bool href;
 	int page_counter;
 
 	const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, RTLIL::Selection>> &color_selections;
@@ -432,9 +433,13 @@ struct ShowWorker
 			if (wire->port_input || wire->port_output)
 				shape = "octagon";
 			if (wire->name.isPublic()) {
-				fprintf(f, "n%d [ shape=%s, label=\"%s\", %s ];\n",
+				std::string src_href;
+				if (href && wire->attributes.count(ID::src) > 0)
+					src_href = stringf(", href=\"%s\" ", escape(wire->attributes.at(ID::src).decode_string()));
+				fprintf(f, "n%d [ shape=%s, label=\"%s\", %s%s];\n",
 						id2num(wire->name), shape, findLabel(wire->name.str()),
-						nextColor(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire), "color=\"black\", fontcolor=\"black\"").c_str());
+						nextColor(RTLIL::SigSpec(wire), "color=\"black\", fontcolor=\"black\"").c_str(),
+						src_href.c_str());
 				if (wire->port_input)
 					all_sources.insert(stringf("n%d", id2num(wire->name)));
 				else if (wire->port_output)
@@ -496,14 +501,18 @@ struct ShowWorker
 						conn.second, ct.cell_output(cell->type, conn.first));
 			}
 
+			std::string src_href;
+			if (href && cell->attributes.count(ID::src) > 0) {
+				src_href = stringf("%shref=\"%s\" ", (findColor(cell->name).empty() ? "" :" , "), escape(cell->attributes.at(ID::src).decode_string()));
+			}
 #ifdef CLUSTER_CELLS_AND_PORTBOXES
 			if (!code.empty())
-				fprintf(f, "subgraph cluster_c%d {\nc%d [ shape=record, label=\"%s\"%s ];\n%s}\n",
+				fprintf(f, "subgraph cluster_c%d {\nc%d [ shape=record, label=\"%s\"%s%s ];\n%s}\n",
-						id2num(cell->name), id2num(cell->name), label_string.c_str(), color.c_str(), code.c_str());
+						id2num(cell->name), id2num(cell->name), label_string.c_str(), color.c_str(), src_href.c_str(), code.c_str());
 			else
 #endif
-				fprintf(f, "c%d [ shape=record, label=\"%s\", %s ];\n%s",
+				fprintf(f, "c%d [ shape=record, label=\"%s\", %s%s ];\n%s",
-						id2num(cell->name), label_string.c_str(), findColor(cell->name).c_str(), code.c_str());
+						id2num(cell->name), label_string.c_str(), findColor(cell->name).c_str(), src_href.c_str(), code.c_str());
 		}
 
 		for (auto &it : module->processes)
@@ -608,12 +617,12 @@ struct ShowWorker
 	}
 
 	ShowWorker(FILE *f, RTLIL::Design *design, std::vector<RTLIL::Design*> &libs, uint32_t colorSeed, bool genWidthLabels,
-			bool genSignedLabels, bool stretchIO, bool enumerateIds, bool abbreviateIds, bool notitle,
+			bool genSignedLabels, bool stretchIO, bool enumerateIds, bool abbreviateIds, bool notitle, bool href,
 			const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, RTLIL::Selection>> &color_selections,
 			const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, RTLIL::Selection>> &label_selections, RTLIL::IdString colorattr) :
 			f(f), design(design), currentColor(colorSeed), genWidthLabels(genWidthLabels),
 			genSignedLabels(genSignedLabels), stretchIO(stretchIO), enumerateIds(enumerateIds), abbreviateIds(abbreviateIds),
-			notitle(notitle), color_selections(color_selections), label_selections(label_selections), colorattr(colorattr)
+			notitle(notitle), href(href), color_selections(color_selections), label_selections(label_selections), colorattr(colorattr)
 	{
 		ct.setup_internals();
 		ct.setup_internals_mem();
@@ -726,6 +735,10 @@ struct ShowPass : public Pass {
 		log("        don't run viewer in the background, IE wait for the viewer tool to\n");
 		log("        exit before returning\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -href\n");
+		log("        adds href attribute to all items representing cells and wires, using\n");
+		log("        src attribute of origin\n");
+		log("\n");
 		log("When no <format> is specified, 'dot' is used. When no <format> and <viewer> is\n");
 		log("specified, 'xdot' is used to display the schematic (POSIX systems only).\n");
 		log("\n");
@@ -763,6 +776,7 @@ struct ShowPass : public Pass {
 		bool flag_enum = false;
 		bool flag_abbreviate = true;
 		bool flag_notitle = false;
+		bool flag_href = false;
 		bool custom_prefix = false;
 		std::string background = "&";
 		RTLIL::IdString colorattr;
@@ -850,6 +864,10 @@ struct ShowPass : public Pass {
 				background= "";
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (arg == "-href") {
+				flag_href = true;
+				continue;
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
@@ -894,7 +912,7 @@ struct ShowPass : public Pass {
 				delete lib;
 			log_cmd_error("Can't open dot file `%s' for writing.\n", dot_file.c_str());
 		}
-		ShowWorker worker(f, design, libs, colorSeed, flag_width, flag_signed, flag_stretch, flag_enum, flag_abbreviate, flag_notitle, color_selections, label_selections, colorattr);
+		ShowWorker worker(f, design, libs, colorSeed, flag_width, flag_signed, flag_stretch, flag_enum, flag_abbreviate, flag_notitle, flag_href, color_selections, label_selections, colorattr);
 		fclose(f);
 
 		for (auto lib : libs)

passes/cmds/stat.cc

@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@
 USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
+struct cell_area_t {
+	double area;
+	bool is_sequential;
+};
+
 struct statdata_t
 {
 	#define STAT_INT_MEMBERS X(num_wires) X(num_wire_bits) X(num_pub_wires) X(num_pub_wire_bits) \
@@ -39,6 +44,7 @@ struct statdata_t
 	STAT_INT_MEMBERS
 	#undef X
 	double area;
+	double sequential_area;
 	string tech;
 
 	std::map<RTLIL::IdString, int> techinfo;
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ struct statdata_t
 	#undef X
 	}
 
-	statdata_t(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *mod, bool width_mode, const dict<IdString, double> &cell_area, string techname)
+	statdata_t(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *mod, bool width_mode, const dict<IdString, cell_area_t> &cell_area, string techname)
 	{
 		tech = techname;
 
@@ -132,11 +138,17 @@ struct statdata_t
 			}
 
 			if (!cell_area.empty()) {
-				if (cell_area.count(cell_type))
+				if (cell_area.count(cell_type)) {
-					area += cell_area.at(cell_type);
+					cell_area_t cell_data = cell_area.at(cell_type);
-				else
+					if (cell_data.is_sequential) {
+						sequential_area += cell_data.area;
+					}
+					area += cell_data.area;
+				}
+				else {
 					unknown_cell_area.insert(cell_type);
 				}
+			}
 
 			num_cells++;
 			num_cells_by_type[cell_type]++;
@@ -244,6 +256,7 @@ struct statdata_t
 		if (area != 0) {
 			log("\n");
 			log("   Chip area for %smodule '%s': %f\n", (top_mod) ? "top " : "", mod_name.c_str(), area);
+			log("     of which used for sequential elements: %f (%.2f%%)\n", sequential_area, 100.0*sequential_area/area);
 		}
 
 		if (tech == "xilinx")
@@ -325,7 +338,7 @@ statdata_t hierarchy_worker(std::map<RTLIL::IdString, statdata_t> &mod_stat, RTL
 	return mod_data;
 }
 
-void read_liberty_cellarea(dict<IdString, double> &cell_area, string liberty_file)
+void read_liberty_cellarea(dict<IdString, cell_area_t> &cell_area, string liberty_file)
 {
 	std::ifstream f;
 	f.open(liberty_file.c_str());
@@ -341,8 +354,9 @@ void read_liberty_cellarea(dict<IdString, double> &cell_area, string liberty_fil
 			continue;
 
 		LibertyAst *ar = cell->find("area");
+		bool is_flip_flop = cell->find("ff") != nullptr;
 		if (ar != nullptr && !ar->value.empty())
-			cell_area["\\" + cell->args[0]] = atof(ar->value.c_str());
+			cell_area["\\" + cell->args[0]] = {/*area=*/atof(ar->value.c_str()), is_flip_flop};
 	}
 }
 
@@ -383,7 +397,7 @@ struct StatPass : public Pass {
 		bool width_mode = false, json_mode = false;
 		RTLIL::Module *top_mod = nullptr;
 		std::map<RTLIL::IdString, statdata_t> mod_stat;
-		dict<IdString, double> cell_area;
+		dict<IdString, cell_area_t> cell_area;
 		string techname;
 
 		size_t argidx;

passes/equiv/equiv_simple.cc

@@ -339,6 +339,8 @@ struct EquivSimplePass : public Pass {
 		CellTypes ct;
 		ct.setup_internals();
 		ct.setup_stdcells();
+		ct.setup_internals_ff();
+		ct.setup_stdcells_mem();
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{

passes/hierarchy/hierarchy.cc

@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ bool set_keep_assert(std::map<RTLIL::Module*, bool> &cache, RTLIL::Module *mod)
 	if (cache.count(mod) == 0)
 		for (auto c : mod->cells()) {
 			RTLIL::Module *m = mod->design->module(c->type);
-			if ((m != nullptr && set_keep_assert(cache, m)) || c->type.in(ID($assert), ID($assume), ID($live), ID($fair), ID($cover)))
+			if ((m != nullptr && set_keep_assert(cache, m)) || c->type.in(ID($check), ID($assert), ID($assume), ID($live), ID($fair), ID($cover)))
 				return cache[mod] = true;
 		}
 	return cache[mod];
@@ -1006,6 +1006,18 @@ struct HierarchyPass : public Pass {
 				if (mod->get_bool_attribute(ID::top))
 					top_mod = mod;
 
+		if (top_mod == nullptr)
+		{
+			std::vector<IdString> abstract_ids;
+			for (auto module : design->modules())
+				if (module->name.begins_with("$abstract"))
+					abstract_ids.push_back(module->name);
+			for (auto abstract_id : abstract_ids)
+				design->module(abstract_id)->derive(design, {});
+			for (auto abstract_id : abstract_ids)
+				design->remove(design->module(abstract_id));
+		}
+
 		if (top_mod == nullptr && auto_top_mode) {
 			log_header(design, "Finding top of design hierarchy..\n");
 			dict<Module*, int> db;

passes/memory/memory_collect.cc

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ struct MemoryCollectPass : public Pass {
 		log_header(design, "Executing MEMORY_COLLECT pass (generating $mem cells).\n");
 		extra_args(args, 1, design);
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (module->has_processes_warn())
+				continue;
+
 			for (auto &mem : Mem::get_selected_memories(module)) {
 				if (!mem.packed) {
 					mem.packed = true;

passes/memory/memory_libmap.cc

@@ -2229,6 +2229,9 @@ struct MemoryLibMapPass : public Pass {
 		Library lib = parse_library(lib_files, defines);
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (module->has_processes_warn())
+				continue;
+
 			MapWorker worker(module);
 			auto mems = Mem::get_selected_memories(module);
 			for (auto &mem : mems)

passes/memory/memory_map.cc

@@ -493,6 +493,9 @@ struct MemoryMapPass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
 		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (mod->has_processes_warn())
+				continue;
+
 			MemoryMapWorker worker(design, mod);
 			worker.attr_icase = attr_icase;
 			worker.attributes = attributes;

passes/memory/memory_memx.cc

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ struct MemoryMemxPass : public Pass {
 	}
 
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override {
-		log_header(design, "Executing MEMORY_MEMX pass (converting $mem cells to logic and flip-flops).\n");
+		log_header(design, "Executing MEMORY_MEMX pass (emit soft logic for out-of-bounds handling).\n");
 		extra_args(args, 1, design);
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())

passes/memory/memory_narrow.cc

@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ struct MemoryNarrowPass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (module->has_processes_warn())
+				continue;
+
 			for (auto &mem : Mem::get_selected_memories(module))
 			{
 				bool wide = false;

passes/memory/memory_share.cc

@@ -558,9 +558,13 @@ struct MemorySharePass : public Pass {
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 		MemoryShareWorker msw(design, flag_widen, flag_sat);
 
-		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
+		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (module->has_processes_warn())
+				continue;
+
 			msw(module);
 		}
+	}
 } MemorySharePass;
 
 PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END

passes/opt/opt_clean.cc

@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@ struct keep_cache_t
 {
 	Design *design;
 	dict<Module*, bool> cache;
+	bool purge_mode = false;
 
-	void reset(Design *design = nullptr)
+	void reset(Design *design = nullptr, bool purge_mode = false)
 	{
 		this->design = design;
+		this->purge_mode = purge_mode;
 		cache.clear();
 	}
 
@@ -82,12 +84,15 @@ struct keep_cache_t
 		if (!ignore_specify && cell->type.in(ID($specify2), ID($specify3), ID($specrule)))
 			return true;
 
-		if (cell->type == ID($print))
+		if (cell->type == ID($print) || cell->type == ID($check))
 			return true;
 
 		if (cell->has_keep_attr())
 			return true;
 
+		if (!purge_mode && cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+			return true;
+
 		if (cell->module && cell->module->design)
 			return query(cell->module->design->module(cell->type));
 
@@ -236,10 +241,13 @@ int count_nontrivial_wire_attrs(RTLIL::Wire *w)
 {
 	int count = w->attributes.size();
 	count -= w->attributes.count(ID::src);
+	count -= w->attributes.count(ID::hdlname);
+	count -= w->attributes.count(ID(scopename));
 	count -= w->attributes.count(ID::unused_bits);
 	return count;
 }
 
+// Should we pick `s2` over `s1` to represent a signal?
 bool compare_signals(RTLIL::SigBit &s1, RTLIL::SigBit &s2, SigPool &regs, SigPool &conns, pool<RTLIL::Wire*> &direct_wires)
 {
 	RTLIL::Wire *w1 = s1.wire;
@@ -292,9 +300,10 @@ bool check_public_name(RTLIL::IdString id)
 
 bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbose)
 {
+	// `register_signals` and `connected_signals` will help us decide later on
+	// on picking representatives out of groups of connected signals
 	SigPool register_signals;
 	SigPool connected_signals;
-
 	if (!purge_mode)
 		for (auto &it : module->cells_) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = it.second;
@@ -309,8 +318,12 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 		}
 
 	SigMap assign_map(module);
-	pool<RTLIL::SigSpec> direct_sigs;
+
+	// construct a pool of wires which are directly driven by a known celltype,
+	// this will influence our choice of representatives
 	pool<RTLIL::Wire*> direct_wires;
+	{
+		pool<RTLIL::SigSpec> direct_sigs;
 		for (auto &it : module->cells_) {
 			RTLIL::Cell *cell = it.second;
 			if (ct_all.cell_known(cell->type))
@@ -322,7 +335,10 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 			if (direct_sigs.count(assign_map(it.second)) || it.second->port_input)
 				direct_wires.insert(it.second);
 		}
+	}
 
+	// weight all options for representatives with `compare_signals`,
+	// the one that wins will be what `assign_map` maps to
 	for (auto &it : module->wires_) {
 		RTLIL::Wire *wire = it.second;
 		for (int i = 0; i < wire->width; i++) {
@@ -332,21 +348,30 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 		}
 	}
 
+	// we are removing all connections
 	module->connections_.clear();
 
+	// used signals sigmapped
 	SigPool used_signals;
+	// used signals pre-sigmapped
 	SigPool raw_used_signals;
+	// used signals sigmapped, ignoring drivers (we keep track of this to set `unused_bits`)
 	SigPool used_signals_nodrivers;
+
+	// gather the usage information for cells
 	for (auto &it : module->cells_) {
 		RTLIL::Cell *cell = it.second;
 		for (auto &it2 : cell->connections_) {
-			assign_map.apply(it2.second);
+			assign_map.apply(it2.second); // modify the cell connection in place
 			raw_used_signals.add(it2.second);
 			used_signals.add(it2.second);
 			if (!ct_all.cell_output(cell->type, it2.first))
 				used_signals_nodrivers.add(it2.second);
 		}
 	}
+
+	// gather the usage information for ports, wires with `keep`,
+	// also gather init bits
 	dict<RTLIL::SigBit, RTLIL::State> init_bits;
 	for (auto &it : module->wires_) {
 		RTLIL::Wire *wire = it.second;
@@ -374,6 +399,7 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 		}
 	}
 
+	// set init attributes on all wires of a connected group
 	for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
 		bool found = false;
 		Const val(State::Sx, wire->width);
@@ -388,6 +414,7 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 			wire->attributes[ID::init] = val;
 	}
 
+	// now decide for each wire if we should be deleting it
 	pool<RTLIL::Wire*> del_wires_queue;
 	for (auto wire : module->wires())
 	{
@@ -418,6 +445,9 @@ bool rmunused_module_signals(RTLIL::Module *module, bool purge_mode, bool verbos
 			goto delete_this_wire;
 		} else
 		if (!used_signals.check_any(s2)) {
+			// this path shouldn't be possible: this wire is used directly (otherwise it would get cleaned up above), and indirectly
+			// used wires are a superset of those used directly
+			log_assert(false);
 			// delete wires that aren't used by anything indirectly, even though other wires may alias it
 			goto delete_this_wire;
 		}
@@ -638,7 +668,7 @@ struct OptCleanPass : public Pass {
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
-		keep_cache.reset(design);
+		keep_cache.reset(design, purge_mode);
 
 		ct_reg.setup_internals_mem();
 		ct_reg.setup_internals_anyinit();

passes/opt/opt_dff.cc

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ struct OptDffWorker
 					// Try a more complex conversion to plain async reset.
 					State val_neutral = ff.pol_set ? State::S0 : State::S1;
 					Const val_arst;
-					SigSpec sig_arst;
+					SigBit sig_arst;
 					if (ff.sig_clr[0] == val_neutral)
 						sig_arst = ff.sig_set[0];
 					else

passes/opt/opt_ffinv.cc

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ struct OptFfInvWorker
 	// - ... which has no other users
 	// - all users of FF are LUTs
 	bool push_d_inv(FfData &ff) {
+		log_assert(ff.width == 1);
 		if (index.query_is_input(ff.sig_d))
 			return false;
 		if (index.query_is_output(ff.sig_d))
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ struct OptFfInvWorker
 				int flip_mask = 0;
 				SigSpec sig_a = lut->getPort(ID::A);
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_a); i++) {
-					if (index.sigmap(sig_a[i]) == index.sigmap(ff.sig_q)) {
+					if (index.sigmap(sig_a[i]) == index.sigmap(ff.sig_q[0])) {
 						flip_mask |= 1 << i;
 					}
 				}

passes/opt/opt_lut.cc

@@ -167,7 +167,11 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 							legal = false;
 							break;
 						}
-						if (sigmap(lut_input[dlogic_conn.first]) != sigmap(lut_dlogic.second->getPort(dlogic_conn.second)))
+
+						if (lut_dlogic.second->getPort(dlogic_conn.second).size() != 1)
+							continue;
+
+						if (sigmap(lut_input[dlogic_conn.first]) != sigmap(lut_dlogic.second->getPort(dlogic_conn.second)[0]))
 						{
 							log_debug("  LUT has illegal connection to %s cell %s.%s.\n", lut_dlogic.second->type.c_str(), log_id(module), log_id(lut_dlogic.second));
 							log_debug("    LUT input A[%d] (wire %s) not connected to %s port %s (wire %s).\n", dlogic_conn.first, log_signal(lut_input[dlogic_conn.first]), lut_dlogic.second->type.c_str(), dlogic_conn.second.c_str(), log_signal(lut_dlogic.second->getPort(dlogic_conn.second)));
@@ -314,7 +318,7 @@ struct OptLutWorker
 
 			auto lutA = worklist.pop();
 			SigSpec lutA_input = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID::A));
-			SigSpec lutA_output = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID::Y)[0]);
+			SigBit lutA_output = sigmap(lutA->getPort(ID::Y)[0]);
 			int lutA_width = lutA->getParam(ID::WIDTH).as_int();
 			int lutA_arity = luts_arity[lutA];
 			pool<int> &lutA_dlogic_inputs = luts_dlogic_inputs[lutA];
@@ -529,12 +533,6 @@ struct OptLutPass : public Pass {
 		log("\n");
 		log("This pass combines cascaded $lut cells with unused inputs.\n");
 		log("\n");
-		log("    -dlogic <type>:<cell-port>=<LUT-input>[:<cell-port>=<LUT-input>...]\n");
-		log("        preserve connections to dedicated logic cell <type> that has ports\n");
-		log("        <cell-port> connected to LUT inputs <LUT-input>. this includes\n");
-		log("        the case where both LUT and dedicated logic input are connected to\n");
-		log("        the same constant.\n");
-		log("\n");
 		log("	-tech ice40\n");
 		log("        treat the design as a LUT-mapped circuit for the iCE40 architecture\n");
 		log("        and preserve connections to SB_CARRY as appropriate\n");

passes/opt/opt_mem.cc

@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ struct OptMemPass : public Pass {
 
 		int total_count = 0;
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
+			if (module->has_processes_warn())
+				continue;
+
 			SigMap sigmap(module);
 			FfInitVals initvals(&sigmap, module);
 			for (auto &mem : Mem::get_selected_memories(module)) {

passes/opt/opt_merge.cc

@@ -272,6 +272,9 @@ struct OptMergeWorker
 				if ((!mode_share_all && !ct.cell_known(cell->type)) || !cell->known())
 					continue;
 
+				if (cell->type == ID($scopeinfo))
+					continue;
+
 				uint64_t hash = hash_cell_parameters_and_connections(cell);
 				auto r = sharemap.insert(std::make_pair(hash, cell));
 				if (!r.second) {

passes/pmgen/ice40_dsp.pmg

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ endmatch
 code argQ argD
 {
 	if (clock != SigBit()) {
-		if (port(ff, \CLK) != clock)
+		if (port(ff, \CLK)[0] != clock)
 			reject;
 		if (param(ff, \CLK_POLARITY).as_bool() != clock_pol)
 			reject;
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ endmatch
 code argQ
 	if (ff) {
 		if (clock != SigBit()) {
-			if (port(ff, \CLK) != clock)
+			if (port(ff, \CLK)[0] != clock)
 				reject;
 			if (param(ff, \CLK_POLARITY).as_bool() != clock_pol)
 				reject;

passes/pmgen/peepopt_shiftadd.pmg

@@ -103,8 +103,20 @@ code
 		new_a.append(old_a);
 	} else {
 		// data >> (...+c) transformed to data[MAX:c] >> (...)
+		if(offset < GetSize(old_a)) { // some signal bits left?
 			new_a.append(old_a.extract_end(offset));
-
+		} else {
+			// warn user in case data is empty (no bits left)
+			std::string location = shift->get_src_attribute();
+			if (location.empty())
+				location = shift->name.str();
+			if(shift->type.in($shiftx))
+				log_warning("at %s: result of indexed part-selection is always constant (selecting from '%s' with index '%s + %d')\n", \
+							location.c_str(), log_signal(old_a), log_signal(var_signal), offset);
+			else
+				log_warning("at %s: result of shift operation is always constant (shifting '%s' by '%s + %d'-bits)\n", \
+							location.c_str(), log_signal(old_a), log_signal(var_signal), offset);
+		}
 	}
 
 	SigSpec new_b = {var_signal, SigSpec(State::S0, log2scale)};

passes/pmgen/xilinx_dsp.pmg

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ match ff
 	filter GetSize(port(ff, \Q)) >= offset + GetSize(argQ)
 	filter port(ff, \Q).extract(offset, GetSize(argQ)) == argQ
 
-	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK) == clock
+	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK)[0] == clock
 endmatch
 
 code argQ
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ match ff
 	filter GetSize(port(ff, \D)) >= offset + GetSize(argD)
 	filter port(ff, \D).extract(offset, GetSize(argD)) == argD
 
-	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK) == clock
+	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK)[0] == clock
 endmatch
 
 code argQ

passes/pmgen/xilinx_dsp48a.pmg

@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ match ff
 	filter GetSize(port(ff, \Q)) >= offset + GetSize(argQ)
 	filter port(ff, \Q).extract(offset, GetSize(argQ)) == argQ
 
-	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK) == clock
+	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK)[0] == clock
 endmatch
 
 code argQ
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ match ff
 	filter GetSize(port(ff, \D)) >= offset + GetSize(argD)
 	filter port(ff, \D).extract(offset, GetSize(argD)) == argD
 
-	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK) == clock
+	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK)[0] == clock
 endmatch
 
 code argQ

passes/pmgen/xilinx_dsp_CREG.pmg

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ match ff
 	filter GetSize(port(ff, \Q)) >= offset + GetSize(argQ)
 	filter port(ff, \Q).extract(offset, GetSize(argQ)) == argQ
 
-	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK) == clock
+	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK)[0] == clock
 endmatch
 
 code argQ

passes/pmgen/xilinx_dsp_cascade.pmg

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pattern xilinx_dsp_cascade
 udata <std::function<SigSpec(const SigSpec&)>> unextend
 udata <vector<std::tuple<Cell*,int,int,int>>> chain longest_chain
 state <Cell*> next
-state <SigSpec> clock
+state <SigBit> clock
 state <int> AREG BREG
 
 // Variables used for subpatterns
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ match ff
 	filter GetSize(port(ff, \Q)) >= offset + GetSize(argQ)
 	filter port(ff, \Q).extract(offset, GetSize(argQ)) == argQ
 
-	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK) == clock
+	filter clock == SigBit() || port(ff, \CLK)[0] == clock
 endmatch
 
 code argQ

passes/proc/proc_dlatch.cc

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct proc_dlatch_db_t
 
 		for (auto cell : module->cells())
 		{
-			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux)))
+			if (cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($bwmux)))
 			{
 				auto sig_y = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y));
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_y); i++)
@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@ struct proc_dlatch_db_t
 		Cell *cell = it->second.first;
 		int index = it->second.second;
 
+		log_assert(cell->type.in(ID($mux), ID($pmux), ID($bwmux)));
+		bool is_bwmux = (cell->type == ID($bwmux));
 		SigSpec sig_a = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::A));
 		SigSpec sig_b = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::B));
 		SigSpec sig_s = sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::S));
@@ -200,12 +202,16 @@ struct proc_dlatch_db_t
 				sig[index] = State::Sx;
 				cell->setPort(ID::A, sig);
 			}
+			if (!is_bwmux) {
 				for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_s); i++)
 					n = make_inner(sig_s[i], State::S0, n);
+			} else {
+				n = make_inner(sig_s[index], State::S0, n);
+			}
 			children.insert(n);
 		}
 
-		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sig_s); i++) {
+		for (int i = 0; i < (is_bwmux ? 1 : GetSize(sig_s)); i++) {
 			n = find_mux_feedback(sig_b[i*width + index], needle, set_undef);
 			if (n != false_node) {
 				if (set_undef && sig_b[i*width + index] == needle) {
@@ -213,7 +219,7 @@ struct proc_dlatch_db_t
 					sig[i*width + index] = State::Sx;
 					cell->setPort(ID::B, sig);
 				}
-				children.insert(make_inner(sig_s[i], State::S1, n));
+				children.insert(make_inner(sig_s[is_bwmux ? index : i], State::S1, n));
 			}
 		}
 

passes/proc/proc_rom.cc

@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ struct RomWorker
 			}
 		}
 
+		if (lhs.empty()) {
+			log_debug("rejecting switch: lhs empty\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
 		int swsigbits = 0;
 		for (int i = 0; i < GetSize(sw->signal); i++)
 			if (sw->signal[i] != State::S0)

passes/sat/async2sync.cc

@@ -41,31 +41,88 @@ struct Async2syncPass : public Pass {
 		log("reset value in the next cycle regardless of the data-in value at the time of\n");
 		log("the clock edge.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -nolower\n");
+		log("        Do not automatically run 'chformal -lower' to lower $check cells.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
 	{
-		// bool flag_noinit = false;
+		bool flag_nolower = false;
 
 		log_header(design, "Executing ASYNC2SYNC pass.\n");
 
 		size_t argidx;
 		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
 		{
-			// if (args[argidx] == "-noinit") {
+			if (args[argidx] == "-nolower") {
-			// 	flag_noinit = true;
+				flag_nolower = true;
-			// 	continue;
+				continue;
-			// }
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
+		bool have_check_cells = false;
+
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
 			SigMap sigmap(module);
 			FfInitVals initvals(&sigmap, module);
 
+			SigBit initstate;
+
 			for (auto cell : vector<Cell*>(module->selected_cells()))
 			{
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($print), ID($check)))
+				{
+					if (cell->type == ID($check))
+						have_check_cells = true;
+
+					bool trg_enable = cell->getParam(ID(TRG_ENABLE)).as_bool();
+					if (!trg_enable)
+						continue;
+
+					int trg_width = cell->getParam(ID(TRG_WIDTH)).as_int();
+
+					if (trg_width > 1)
+						log_error("$check cell %s with TRG_WIDTH > 1 is not support by async2sync, use clk2fflogic.\n", log_id(cell));
+
+					if (trg_width == 0) {
+						if (initstate == State::S0)
+							initstate = module->Initstate(NEW_ID);
+
+						SigBit sig_en = cell->getPort(ID::EN);
+						cell->setPort(ID::EN, module->And(NEW_ID, sig_en, initstate));
+					} else {
+						SigBit sig_en = cell->getPort(ID::EN);
+						SigSpec sig_args = cell->getPort(ID::ARGS);
+						bool trg_polarity = cell->getParam(ID(TRG_POLARITY)).as_bool();
+						SigBit sig_trg = cell->getPort(ID::TRG);
+						Wire *sig_en_q = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+						Wire *sig_args_q = module->addWire(NEW_ID, GetSize(sig_args));
+						sig_en_q->attributes.emplace(ID::init, State::S0);
+						module->addDff(NEW_ID, sig_trg, sig_en, sig_en_q, trg_polarity, cell->get_src_attribute());
+						module->addDff(NEW_ID, sig_trg, sig_args, sig_args_q, trg_polarity, cell->get_src_attribute());
+						cell->setPort(ID::EN, sig_en_q);
+						cell->setPort(ID::ARGS, sig_args_q);
+						if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+							SigBit sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+							Wire *sig_a_q = module->addWire(NEW_ID);
+							sig_a_q->attributes.emplace(ID::init, State::S1);
+							module->addDff(NEW_ID, sig_trg, sig_a, sig_a_q, trg_polarity, cell->get_src_attribute());
+							cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a_q);
+						}
+					}
+
+					cell->setPort(ID::TRG, SigSpec());
+
+					cell->setParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE, false);
+					cell->setParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH, 0);
+					cell->setParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY, false);
+					cell->set_bool_attribute(ID(trg_on_gclk));
+					continue;
+				}
+
 				if (!RTLIL::builtin_ff_cell_types().count(cell->type))
 					continue;
 
@@ -273,6 +330,12 @@ struct Async2syncPass : public Pass {
 				ff.emit();
 			}
 		}
+
+		if (have_check_cells && !flag_nolower) {
+			log_push();
+			Pass::call(design, "chformal -lower");
+			log_pop();
+		}
 	}
 } Async2syncPass;
 

passes/sat/clk2fflogic.cc

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ struct Clk2fflogicPass : public Pass {
 		log("reset value in the next cycle regardless of the data-in value at the time of\n");
 		log("the clock edge.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -nolower\n");
+		log("        Do not automatically run 'chformal -lower' to lower $check cells.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
 	// Active-high sampled and current value of a level-triggered control signal. Initial sampled values is low/non-asserted.
 	SampledSig sample_control(Module *module, SigSpec sig, bool polarity, bool is_fine) {
@@ -117,21 +120,23 @@ struct Clk2fflogicPass : public Pass {
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
 	{
-		// bool flag_noinit = false;
+		bool flag_nolower = false;
 
 		log_header(design, "Executing CLK2FFLOGIC pass (convert clocked FFs to generic $ff cells).\n");
 
 		size_t argidx;
 		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
 		{
-			// if (args[argidx] == "-noinit") {
+			if (args[argidx] == "-nolower") {
-			// 	flag_noinit = true;
+				flag_nolower = true;
-			// 	continue;
+				continue;
-			// }
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
 
+		bool have_check_cells = false;
+
 		for (auto module : design->selected_modules())
 		{
 			SigMap sigmap(module);
@@ -194,10 +199,64 @@ struct Clk2fflogicPass : public Pass {
 				mem.emit();
 			}
 
+			SigBit initstate;
+
 			for (auto cell : vector<Cell*>(module->selected_cells()))
 			{
-				SigSpec qval;
+				if (cell->type.in(ID($print), ID($check)))
-				if (RTLIL::builtin_ff_cell_types().count(cell->type)) {
+				{
+					if (cell->type == ID($check))
+						have_check_cells = true;
+
+					bool trg_enable = cell->getParam(ID(TRG_ENABLE)).as_bool();
+					if (!trg_enable)
+						continue;
+
+					int trg_width = cell->getParam(ID(TRG_WIDTH)).as_int();
+
+					if (trg_width == 0) {
+						if (initstate == State::S0)
+							initstate = module->Initstate(NEW_ID);
+
+						SigBit sig_en = cell->getPort(ID::EN);
+						cell->setPort(ID::EN, module->And(NEW_ID, sig_en, initstate));
+					} else {
+						SigBit sig_en = cell->getPort(ID::EN);
+						SigSpec sig_args = cell->getPort(ID::ARGS);
+						Const trg_polarity = cell->getParam(ID(TRG_POLARITY));
+						SigSpec sig_trg = cell->getPort(ID::TRG);
+
+						SigSpec sig_trg_sampled;
+
+						for (auto const &bit : sig_trg)
+							sig_trg_sampled.append(sample_control_edge(module, bit, trg_polarity[GetSize(sig_trg_sampled)] == State::S1, false));
+						SigSpec sig_args_sampled = sample_data(module, sig_args, Const(State::S0, GetSize(sig_args)), false, false).sampled;
+						SigBit sig_en_sampled = sample_data(module, sig_en, State::S0, false, false).sampled;
+
+						SigBit sig_trg_combined = module->ReduceOr(NEW_ID, sig_trg_sampled);
+
+						cell->setPort(ID::EN, module->And(NEW_ID, sig_en_sampled, sig_trg_combined));
+						cell->setPort(ID::ARGS, sig_args_sampled);
+						if (cell->type == ID($check)) {
+							SigBit sig_a = cell->getPort(ID::A);
+							SigBit sig_a_sampled = sample_data(module, sig_a, State::S1, false, false).sampled;
+							cell->setPort(ID::A, sig_a_sampled);
+						}
+					}
+
+					cell->setPort(ID::TRG, SigSpec());
+
+					cell->setParam(ID::TRG_ENABLE, false);
+					cell->setParam(ID::TRG_WIDTH, 0);
+					cell->setParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY, false);
+					cell->set_bool_attribute(ID(trg_on_gclk));
+
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				if (!RTLIL::builtin_ff_cell_types().count(cell->type))
+					continue;
+
 				FfData ff(&initvals, cell);
 
 				if (ff.has_gclk) {
@@ -263,10 +322,15 @@ struct Clk2fflogicPass : public Pass {
 				}
 
 				module->connect(ff.sig_q, next_q);
-				}
+
 			}
 		}
 
+		if (have_check_cells && !flag_nolower) {
+			log_push();
+			Pass::call(design, "chformal -lower");
+			log_pop();
+		}
 	}
 } Clk2fflogicPass;
 

passes/sat/sim.cc

@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ struct SimInstance
 		}
 	}
 
-	void update_ph3(bool check_assertions)
+	void update_ph3(bool gclk_trigger)
 	{
 		for (auto &it : ff_database)
 		{
@@ -858,10 +858,11 @@ struct SimInstance
 			Const en = get_state(cell->getPort(ID::EN));
 			Const args = get_state(cell->getPort(ID::ARGS));
 
-			if (!en.as_bool())
+			bool sampled = trg_en && trg.size() > 0;
-				goto update_print;
 
-			if (trg.size() > 0 && trg_en) {
+			if (sampled ? print.past_en.as_bool() : en.as_bool()) {
+				if (sampled) {
+					sampled = true;
 					Const trg_pol = cell->getParam(ID::TRG_POLARITY);
 					for (int i = 0; i < trg.size(); i++) {
 						bool pol = trg_pol[i] == State::S1;
@@ -875,6 +876,9 @@ struct SimInstance
 					// initial $print (TRG width = 0, TRG_ENABLE = true)
 					if (!print.initial_done && en != print.past_en)
 						triggered = true;
+				} else if (cell->get_bool_attribute(ID(trg_on_gclk))) {
+					// unified $print for cycle based FV semantics
+					triggered = gclk_trigger;
 				} else {
 					// always @(*) $print
 					if (args != print.past_args || en != print.past_en)
@@ -884,7 +888,7 @@ struct SimInstance
 				if (triggered) {
 					int pos = 0;
 					for (auto &part : print.fmt.parts) {
-					part.sig = args.extract(pos, part.sig.size());
+						part.sig = (sampled ? print.past_args : args).extract(pos, part.sig.size());
 						pos += part.sig.size();
 					}
 
@@ -892,15 +896,15 @@ struct SimInstance
 					log("%s", rendered.c_str());
 					shared->display_output.emplace_back(shared->step, this, cell, rendered);
 				}
+			}
 
-		update_print:
 			print.past_trg = trg;
 			print.past_en = en;
 			print.past_args = args;
 			print.initial_done = true;
 		}
 
-		if (check_assertions)
+		if (gclk_trigger)
 		{
 			for (auto cell : formal_database)
 			{
@@ -932,7 +936,7 @@ struct SimInstance
 		}
 
 		for (auto it : children)
-			it.second->update_ph3(check_assertions);
+			it.second->update_ph3(gclk_trigger);
 	}
 
 	void set_initstate_outputs(State state)

passes/techmap/Makefile.inc

@@ -56,5 +56,5 @@ EXTRA_OBJS += passes/techmap/filterlib.o
 
 $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys-filterlib$(EXE): passes/techmap/filterlib.o
 	$(Q) mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(P) $(LD) -o $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys-filterlib$(EXE) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LDLIBS)
+	$(P) $(CXX) -o $(PROGRAM_PREFIX)yosys-filterlib$(EXE) $(LINKFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS)
 endif

passes/techmap/dfflibmap.cc

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ static bool parse_pin(LibertyAst *cell, LibertyAst *attr, std::string &pin_name,
 	return false;
 }
 
-static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has_reset, bool rstpol, bool rstval)
+static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has_reset, bool rstpol, bool rstval, std::vector<std::string> &dont_use_cells)
 {
 	LibertyAst *best_cell = nullptr;
 	std::map<std::string, char> best_cell_ports;
@@ -135,6 +135,18 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has
 		if (dn != nullptr && dn->value == "true")
 			continue;
 
+		bool dont_use = false;
+		for (std::string &dont_use_cell : dont_use_cells)
+		{
+			if (patmatch(dont_use_cell.c_str(), cell->args[0].c_str()))
+			{
+				dont_use = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (dont_use)
+			continue;
+
 		LibertyAst *ff = cell->find("ff");
 		if (ff == nullptr)
 			continue;
@@ -227,7 +239,7 @@ static void find_cell(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool has
 	}
 }
 
-static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool setpol, bool clrpol)
+static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool setpol, bool clrpol, std::vector<std::string> &dont_use_cells)
 {
 	LibertyAst *best_cell = nullptr;
 	std::map<std::string, char> best_cell_ports;
@@ -247,6 +259,18 @@ static void find_cell_sr(LibertyAst *ast, IdString cell_type, bool clkpol, bool
 		if (dn != nullptr && dn->value == "true")
 			continue;
 
+		bool dont_use = false;
+		for (std::string &dont_use_cell : dont_use_cells)
+		{
+			if (patmatch(dont_use_cell.c_str(), cell->args[0].c_str()))
+			{
+				dont_use = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (dont_use)
+			continue;
+
 		LibertyAst *ff = cell->find("ff");
 		if (ff == nullptr)
 			continue;
@@ -414,7 +438,7 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 	void help() override
 	{
 		log("\n");
-		log("    dfflibmap [-prepare] [-map-only] [-info] -liberty <file> [selection]\n");
+		log("    dfflibmap [-prepare] [-map-only] [-info] [-dont_use <cell_name>] -liberty <file> [selection]\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("Map internal flip-flop cells to the flip-flop cells in the technology\n");
 		log("library specified in the given liberty file.\n");
@@ -435,6 +459,11 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 		log("that would be passed to the dfflegalize pass.  The design will not be\n");
 		log("changed.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("When called with -dont_use, this command will not map to the specified cell\n");
+		log("name as an alternative to setting the dont_use property in the Liberty file.\n");
+		log("This argument can be called multiple times with different cell names. This\n");
+		log("argument also supports simple glob patterns in the cell name.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
 	{
@@ -446,6 +475,8 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 		bool map_only_mode = false;
 		bool info_mode = false;
 
+		std::vector<std::string> dont_use_cells;
+
 		size_t argidx;
 		for (argidx = 1; argidx < args.size(); argidx++)
 		{
@@ -467,6 +498,10 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 				info_mode = true;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (arg == "-dont_use" && argidx+1 < args.size()) {
+				dont_use_cells.push_back(args[++argidx]);
+				continue;
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);
@@ -491,26 +526,26 @@ struct DfflibmapPass : public Pass {
 		LibertyParser libparser(f);
 		f.close();
 
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_N_), false, false, false, false);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_N_), false, false, false, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_P_), true, false, false, false);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_P_), true, false, false, false, dont_use_cells);
 
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NN0_), false, true, false, false);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NN0_), false, true, false, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NN1_), false, true, false, true);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NN1_), false, true, false, true, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NP0_), false, true, true, false);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NP0_), false, true, true, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NP1_), false, true, true, true);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_NP1_), false, true, true, true, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PN0_), true, true, false, false);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PN0_), true, true, false, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PN1_), true, true, false, true);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PN1_), true, true, false, true, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PP0_), true, true, true, false);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PP0_), true, true, true, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PP1_), true, true, true, true);
+		find_cell(libparser.ast, ID($_DFF_PP1_), true, true, true, true, dont_use_cells);
 
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), false, false, false);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NNN_), false, false, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NNP_), false, false, true);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NNP_), false, false, true, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NPN_), false, true, false);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NPN_), false, true, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NPP_), false, true, true);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_NPP_), false, true, true, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), true, false, false);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PNN_), true, false, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PNP_), true, false, true);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PNP_), true, false, true, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PPN_), true, true, false);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PPN_), true, true, false, dont_use_cells);
-		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PPP_), true, true, true);
+		find_cell_sr(libparser.ast, ID($_DFFSR_PPP_), true, true, true, dont_use_cells);
 
 		log("  final dff cell mappings:\n");
 		logmap_all();

passes/techmap/extract_fa.cc

@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ struct ExtractFaWorker
 	void assign_new_driver(SigBit bit, SigBit new_driver)
 	{
 		Cell *cell = driver.at(bit);
-		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == bit) {
+		if (sigmap(cell->getPort(ID::Y)) == SigSpec(bit)) {
 			cell->setPort(ID::Y, module->addWire(NEW_ID));
 			module->connect(bit, new_driver);
 		}

passes/techmap/flatten.cc

@@ -46,24 +46,6 @@ IdString map_name(RTLIL::Cell *cell, T *object)
 	return cell->module->uniquify(concat_name(cell, object->name));
 }
 
-template<class T>
-void map_attributes(RTLIL::Cell *cell, T *object, IdString orig_object_name)
-{
-	if (object->has_attribute(ID::src))
-		object->add_strpool_attribute(ID::src, cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID::src));
-
-	// Preserve original names via the hdlname attribute, but only for objects with a fully public name.
-	if (cell->name[0] == '\\' && (object->has_attribute(ID::hdlname) || orig_object_name[0] == '\\')) {
-		std::vector<std::string> hierarchy;
-		if (object->has_attribute(ID::hdlname))
-			hierarchy = object->get_hdlname_attribute();
-		else
-			hierarchy.push_back(orig_object_name.str().substr(1));
-		hierarchy.insert(hierarchy.begin(), cell->name.str().substr(1));
-		object->set_hdlname_attribute(hierarchy);
-	}
-}
-
 void map_sigspec(const dict<RTLIL::Wire*, RTLIL::Wire*> &map, RTLIL::SigSpec &sig, RTLIL::Module *into = nullptr)
 {
 	vector<SigChunk> chunks = sig;
@@ -76,6 +58,54 @@ void map_sigspec(const dict<RTLIL::Wire*, RTLIL::Wire*> &map, RTLIL::SigSpec &si
 struct FlattenWorker
 {
 	bool ignore_wb = false;
+	bool create_scopeinfo = true;
+	bool create_scopename = false;
+
+	template<class T>
+	void map_attributes(RTLIL::Cell *cell, T *object, IdString orig_object_name)
+	{
+		if (!create_scopeinfo && object->has_attribute(ID::src))
+			object->add_strpool_attribute(ID::src, cell->get_strpool_attribute(ID::src));
+
+		// Preserve original names via the hdlname attribute, but only for objects with a fully public name.
+		// If the '-scopename' option is used, also preserve the containing scope of private objects if their scope is fully public.
+		if (cell->name[0] == '\\') {
+			if (object->has_attribute(ID::hdlname) || orig_object_name[0] == '\\') {
+				std::string new_hdlname;
+
+				if (cell->has_attribute(ID::hdlname)) {
+					new_hdlname = cell->get_string_attribute(ID(hdlname));
+				} else {
+					log_assert(!cell->name.empty());
+					new_hdlname = cell->name.c_str() + 1;
+				}
+				new_hdlname += ' ';
+
+				if (object->has_attribute(ID::hdlname)) {
+					new_hdlname += object->get_string_attribute(ID(hdlname));
+				} else {
+					log_assert(!orig_object_name.empty());
+					new_hdlname += orig_object_name.c_str() + 1;
+				}
+				object->set_string_attribute(ID(hdlname), new_hdlname);
+			} else if (object->has_attribute(ID(scopename))) {
+				std::string new_scopename;
+
+				if (cell->has_attribute(ID::hdlname)) {
+					new_scopename = cell->get_string_attribute(ID(hdlname));
+				} else {
+					log_assert(!cell->name.empty());
+					new_scopename = cell->name.c_str() + 1;
+				}
+				new_scopename += ' ';
+				new_scopename += object->get_string_attribute(ID(scopename));
+				object->set_string_attribute(ID(scopename), new_scopename);
+			} else if (create_scopename) {
+				log_assert(!cell->name.empty());
+				object->set_string_attribute(ID(scopename), cell->name.c_str() + 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	void flatten_cell(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, RTLIL::Cell *cell, RTLIL::Module *tpl, SigMap &sigmap, std::vector<RTLIL::Cell*> &new_cells)
 	{
@@ -220,7 +250,33 @@ struct FlattenWorker
 			sigmap.add(new_conn.first, new_conn.second);
 		}
 
+		RTLIL::Cell *scopeinfo = nullptr;
+		RTLIL::IdString cell_name = cell->name;
+
+		if (create_scopeinfo && cell_name.isPublic())
+		{
+			// The $scopeinfo's name will be changed below after removing the flattened cell
+			scopeinfo = module->addCell(NEW_ID, ID($scopeinfo));
+			scopeinfo->setParam(ID::TYPE, RTLIL::Const("module"));
+
+			for (auto const &attr : cell->attributes)
+			{
+				if (attr.first == ID::hdlname)
+					scopeinfo->attributes.insert(attr);
+				else
+					scopeinfo->attributes.emplace(stringf("\\cell_%s", RTLIL::unescape_id(attr.first).c_str()), attr.second);
+			}
+
+			for (auto const &attr : tpl->attributes)
+				scopeinfo->attributes.emplace(stringf("\\module_%s", RTLIL::unescape_id(attr.first).c_str()), attr.second);
+
+			scopeinfo->attributes.emplace(ID(module), RTLIL::unescape_id(tpl->name));
+		}
+
 		module->remove(cell);
+
+		if (scopeinfo != nullptr)
+			module->rename(scopeinfo, cell_name);
 	}
 
 	void flatten_module(RTLIL::Design *design, RTLIL::Module *module, pool<RTLIL::Module*> &used_modules)
@@ -275,6 +331,20 @@ struct FlattenPass : public Pass {
 		log("    -wb\n");
 		log("        Ignore the 'whitebox' attribute on cell implementations.\n");
 		log("\n");
+		log("    -noscopeinfo\n");
+		log("        Do not create '$scopeinfo' cells that preserve attributes of cells and\n");
+		log("        modules that were removed during flattening. With this option, the\n");
+		log("        'src' attribute of a given cell is merged into all objects replacing\n");
+		log("        that cell, with multiple distinct 'src' locations separated by '|'.\n");
+		log("        Without this option these 'src' locations can be found via the\n");
+		log("        cell_src' and 'module_src' attribute of '$scopeinfo' cells.\n");
+		log("\n");
+		log("    -scopename\n");
+		log("        Create 'scopename' attributes for objects with a private name. This\n");
+		log("        attribute records the 'hdlname' of the enclosing scope. For objects\n");
+		log("        with a public name the enclosing scope can be found via their\n");
+		log("        'hdlname' attribute.\n");
+		log("\n");
 	}
 	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
 	{
@@ -289,6 +359,14 @@ struct FlattenPass : public Pass {
 				worker.ignore_wb = true;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-noscopeinfo") {
+				worker.create_scopeinfo = false;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (args[argidx] == "-scopename") {
+				worker.create_scopename = true;
+				continue;
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		extra_args(args, argidx, design);

techlibs/common/simlib.v

@@ -1803,11 +1803,12 @@ endmodule
 
 module \$print (EN, TRG, ARGS);
 
+parameter PRIORITY = 0;
+
 parameter FORMAT = "";
 parameter ARGS_WIDTH = 0;
-parameter PRIORITY = 0;
-parameter TRG_ENABLE = 1;
 
+parameter TRG_ENABLE = 1;
 parameter TRG_WIDTH = 0;
 parameter TRG_POLARITY = 0;
 
@@ -1817,6 +1818,27 @@ input [ARGS_WIDTH-1:0] ARGS;
 
 endmodule
 
+// --------------------------------------------------------
+
+module \$check (A, EN, TRG, ARGS);
+
+parameter FLAVOR = "";
+parameter PRIORITY = 0;
+
+parameter FORMAT = "";
+parameter ARGS_WIDTH = 0;
+
+parameter TRG_ENABLE = 1;
+parameter TRG_WIDTH = 0;
+parameter TRG_POLARITY = 0;
+
+input A;
+input EN;
+input [TRG_WIDTH-1:0] TRG;
+input [ARGS_WIDTH-1:0] ARGS;
+
+endmodule
+
 // --------------------------------------------------------
 `ifndef SIMLIB_NOSR
 
@@ -2741,3 +2763,10 @@ assign Y = A;
 endmodule
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------
+
+(* noblackbox *)
+module \$scopeinfo ();
+
+parameter TYPE = "";
+
+endmodule

techlibs/common/synth.cc

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ struct SynthPass : public ScriptPass {
 		log("        do not run abc (as if yosys was compiled without ABC support)\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -booth\n");
-		log("        run the booth pass to convert $mul to Booth encoded multipliers");
+		log("        run the booth pass to map $mul to Booth encoded multipliers\n");
 		log("\n");
 		log("    -noalumacc\n");
 		log("        do not run 'alumacc' pass. i.e. keep arithmetic operators in\n");
@@ -230,13 +230,13 @@ struct SynthPass : public ScriptPass {
 
 		if (check_label("coarse")) {
 			run("proc");
-			if (help_mode || flatten)
+			if (flatten || help_mode)
 				run("flatten", "  (if -flatten)");
 			run("opt_expr");
 			run("opt_clean");
 			run("check");
 			run("opt -nodffe -nosdff");
-			if (!nofsm)
+			if (!nofsm || help_mode)
 				run("fsm" + fsm_opts, "      (unless -nofsm)");
 			run("opt");
 			run("wreduce");
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ struct SynthPass : public ScriptPass {
 				run("techmap -map +/cmp2lut.v -map +/cmp2lcu.v", " (if -lut)");
 			else if (lut)
 				run(stringf("techmap -map +/cmp2lut.v -map +/cmp2lcu.v -D LUT_WIDTH=%d", lut));
-			if (booth)
+			if (booth || help_mode)
-				run("booth");
+				run("booth", "    (if -booth)");
 			if (!noalumacc)
 				run("alumacc", "  (unless -noalumacc)");
 			if (!noshare)
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ struct SynthPass : public ScriptPass {
 			}
 			run("opt -fast");
 
-			if (!noabc && !flowmap) {
+			if ((!noabc && !flowmap) || help_mode) {
 #ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_ABC
 				if (help_mode) {
 					run(abc + " -fast", "       (unless -noabc, unless -lut)");

techlibs/gowin/brams.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 ram block $__GOWIN_SP_ {
 	abits 14;
 	widths 1 2 4 9 18 36 per_port;
-	byte 9;
 	cost 128;
 	init no_undef;
 	port srsw "A" {
 		clock posedge;
 		clken;
-		wrbe_separate;
 		option "RESET_MODE" "SYNC" {
 			rdsrst zero ungated;
 		}
@@ -30,13 +28,11 @@ ram block $__GOWIN_SP_ {
 ram block $__GOWIN_DP_ {
 	abits 14;
 	widths 1 2 4 9 18 per_port;
-	byte 9;
 	cost 128;
 	init no_undef;
 	port srsw "A" "B" {
 		clock posedge;
 		clken;
-		wrbe_separate;
 		option "RESET_MODE" "SYNC" {
 			rdsrst zero ungated;
 		}
@@ -59,7 +55,6 @@ ram block $__GOWIN_DP_ {
 ram block $__GOWIN_SDP_ {
 	abits 14;
 	widths 1 2 4 9 18 36 per_port;
-	byte 9;
 	cost 128;
 	init no_undef;
 	port sr "R" {
@@ -76,6 +71,5 @@ ram block $__GOWIN_SDP_ {
 	port sw "W" {
 		clock posedge;
 		clken;
-		wrbe_separate;
 	}
 }

techlibs/gowin/brams_map.v

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 `define x8_width(width) (width / 9 * 8 + width % 9)
 `define x8_rd_data(data) {1'bx, data[31:24], 1'bx, data[23:16], 1'bx, data[15:8], 1'bx, data[7:0]}
 `define x8_wr_data(data) {data[34:27], data[25:18], data[16:9], data[7:0]}
-`define wre(width, wr_en, wr_be) (width < 18 ? wr_en | wr_be[0] : wr_en)
+`define addrbe_always(width, addr) (width < 18 ? addr :  width == 18 ? {addr[13:4], 4'b0011} : {addr[13:5], 5'b01111})
-`define addrbe(width, addr, wr_be) (width < 18 ? addr : {addr[13:4], wr_be})
 
 
 `define INIT(func) \
@@ -90,7 +89,6 @@ parameter INIT = 0;
 parameter OPTION_RESET_MODE = "SYNC";
 
 parameter PORT_A_WIDTH = 36;
-parameter PORT_A_WR_BE_WIDTH = 4;
 parameter PORT_A_OPTION_WRITE_MODE = 0;
 
 input PORT_A_CLK;
@@ -99,15 +97,13 @@ input PORT_A_WR_EN;
 input PORT_A_RD_SRST;
 input PORT_A_RD_ARST;
 input [13:0] PORT_A_ADDR;
-input [PORT_A_WR_BE_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_A_WR_BE;
 input [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_A_WR_DATA;
 output [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_A_RD_DATA;
 
 `DEF_FUNCS
 
 wire RST = OPTION_RESET_MODE == "SYNC" ? PORT_A_RD_SRST : PORT_A_RD_ARST;
-wire WRE = `wre(PORT_A_WIDTH, PORT_A_WR_EN, PORT_A_WR_BE);
+wire [13:0] AD = `addrbe_always(PORT_A_WIDTH, PORT_A_ADDR);
-wire [13:0] AD = `addrbe(PORT_A_WIDTH, PORT_A_ADDR, PORT_A_WR_BE);
 
 generate
 
@@ -129,7 +125,7 @@ if (PORT_A_WIDTH < 9) begin
 		.BLKSEL(3'b000),
 		.CLK(PORT_A_CLK),
 		.CE(PORT_A_CLK_EN),
-		.WRE(WRE),
+		.WRE(PORT_A_WR_EN),
 		.RESET(RST),
 		.OCE(1'b1),
 		.AD(AD),
@@ -155,7 +151,7 @@ end else begin
 		.BLKSEL(3'b000),
 		.CLK(PORT_A_CLK),
 		.CE(PORT_A_CLK_EN),
-		.WRE(WRE),
+		.WRE(PORT_A_WR_EN),
 		.RESET(RST),
 		.OCE(1'b1),
 		.AD(AD),
@@ -176,11 +172,9 @@ parameter INIT = 0;
 parameter OPTION_RESET_MODE = "SYNC";
 
 parameter PORT_A_WIDTH = 18;
-parameter PORT_A_WR_BE_WIDTH = 2;
 parameter PORT_A_OPTION_WRITE_MODE = 0;
 
 parameter PORT_B_WIDTH = 18;
-parameter PORT_B_WR_BE_WIDTH = 2;
 parameter PORT_B_OPTION_WRITE_MODE = 0;
 
 input PORT_A_CLK;
@@ -189,7 +183,6 @@ input PORT_A_WR_EN;
 input PORT_A_RD_SRST;
 input PORT_A_RD_ARST;
 input [13:0] PORT_A_ADDR;
-input [PORT_A_WR_BE_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_A_WR_BE;
 input [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_A_WR_DATA;
 output [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_A_RD_DATA;
 
@@ -199,7 +192,6 @@ input PORT_B_WR_EN;
 input PORT_B_RD_SRST;
 input PORT_B_RD_ARST;
 input [13:0] PORT_B_ADDR;
-input [PORT_A_WR_BE_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_B_WR_BE;
 input [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_B_WR_DATA;
 output [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_B_RD_DATA;
 
@@ -207,10 +199,8 @@ output [PORT_A_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_B_RD_DATA;
 
 wire RSTA = OPTION_RESET_MODE == "SYNC" ? PORT_A_RD_SRST : PORT_A_RD_ARST;
 wire RSTB = OPTION_RESET_MODE == "SYNC" ? PORT_B_RD_SRST : PORT_B_RD_ARST;
-wire WREA = `wre(PORT_A_WIDTH, PORT_A_WR_EN, PORT_A_WR_BE);
+wire [13:0] ADA = `addrbe_always(PORT_A_WIDTH, PORT_A_ADDR);
-wire WREB = `wre(PORT_B_WIDTH, PORT_B_WR_EN, PORT_B_WR_BE);
+wire [13:0] ADB = `addrbe_always(PORT_B_WIDTH, PORT_B_ADDR);
-wire [13:0] ADA = `addrbe(PORT_A_WIDTH, PORT_A_ADDR, PORT_A_WR_BE);
-wire [13:0] ADB = `addrbe(PORT_B_WIDTH, PORT_B_ADDR, PORT_B_WR_BE);
 
 generate
 
@@ -241,7 +231,7 @@ if (PORT_A_WIDTH < 9 || PORT_B_WIDTH < 9) begin
 
 		.CLKA(PORT_A_CLK),
 		.CEA(PORT_A_CLK_EN),
-		.WREA(WREA),
+		.WREA(PORT_A_WR_EN),
 		.RESETA(RSTA),
 		.OCEA(1'b1),
 		.ADA(ADA),
@@ -250,7 +240,7 @@ if (PORT_A_WIDTH < 9 || PORT_B_WIDTH < 9) begin
 
 		.CLKB(PORT_B_CLK),
 		.CEB(PORT_B_CLK_EN),
-		.WREB(WREB),
+		.WREB(PORT_B_WR_EN),
 		.RESETB(RSTB),
 		.OCEB(1'b1),
 		.ADB(ADB),
@@ -285,7 +275,7 @@ end else begin
 
 		.CLKA(PORT_A_CLK),
 		.CEA(PORT_A_CLK_EN),
-		.WREA(WREA),
+		.WREA(PORT_A_WR_EN),
 		.RESETA(RSTA),
 		.OCEA(1'b1),
 		.ADA(ADA),
@@ -294,7 +284,7 @@ end else begin
 
 		.CLKB(PORT_B_CLK),
 		.CEB(PORT_B_CLK_EN),
-		.WREB(WREB),
+		.WREB(PORT_B_WR_EN),
 		.RESETB(RSTB),
 		.OCEB(1'b1),
 		.ADB(ADB),
@@ -315,9 +305,7 @@ parameter INIT = 0;
 parameter OPTION_RESET_MODE = "SYNC";
 
 parameter PORT_R_WIDTH = 18;
-
 parameter PORT_W_WIDTH = 18;
-parameter PORT_W_WR_BE_WIDTH = 2;
 
 input PORT_R_CLK;
 input PORT_R_CLK_EN;
@@ -330,14 +318,13 @@ input PORT_W_CLK;
 input PORT_W_CLK_EN;
 input PORT_W_WR_EN;
 input [13:0] PORT_W_ADDR;
-input [PORT_W_WR_BE_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_W_WR_BE;
 input [PORT_W_WIDTH-1:0] PORT_W_WR_DATA;
 
 `DEF_FUNCS
 
 wire RST = OPTION_RESET_MODE == "SYNC" ? PORT_R_RD_SRST : PORT_R_RD_ARST;
-wire WRE = `wre(PORT_W_WIDTH, PORT_W_WR_EN, PORT_W_WR_BE);
+wire [13:0] ADW = `addrbe_always(PORT_W_WIDTH, PORT_W_ADDR);
-wire [13:0] ADW = `addrbe(PORT_W_WIDTH, PORT_W_ADDR, PORT_W_WR_BE);
+wire WRE = PORT_W_CLK_EN & PORT_W_WR_EN;
 
 generate
 
@@ -361,7 +348,7 @@ if (PORT_W_WIDTH < 9 || PORT_R_WIDTH < 9) begin
 		.BLKSELB(3'b000),
 
 		.CLKA(PORT_W_CLK),
-		.CEA(PORT_W_CLK_EN),
+		.CEA(WRE),
 		.RESETA(1'b0),
 		.ADA(ADW),
 		.DI(DI),
@@ -394,7 +381,7 @@ end else begin
 		.BLKSELB(3'b000),
 
 		.CLKA(PORT_W_CLK),
-		.CEA(PORT_W_CLK_EN),
+		.CEA(WRE),
 		.RESETA(1'b0),
 		.ADA(ADW),
 		.DI(DI),

tests/arch/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/dsp.ys

@@ -117,4 +117,5 @@ EOF
 read_verilog +/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/dsp_sim.v
 hierarchy -top testbench
 proc
+async2sync
 sim -assert -q -clock clk -n 20

tests/arch/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/mem_gen.py

@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ read_verilog -defer -formal mem_tb.v
 chparam{param_str} -set VECTORLEN {vectorlen} TB
 hierarchy -top TB -check
 prep
+async2sync
 log ** CHECKING SIMULATION FOR TEST {top} WITH PARAMS{param_str}
 sim -clock clk -n {vectorlen} -assert
 """

tests/arch/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/meminit.ys

@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ select -assert-count 1 t:TDP36K a:is_split=0 %i
 select -assert-count 1 t:TDP36K a:was_split_candidate=0 %i
 read_verilog +/quicklogic/common/cells_sim.v +/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/cells_sim.v +/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/brams_sim.v +/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/sram1024x18_mem.v +/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/ufifo_ctl.v +/quicklogic/qlf_k6n10f/TDP18K_FIFO.v
 prep
+async2sync
 hierarchy -top top
 sim -assert -q -n 12 -clock clk

tests/arch/xilinx/dsp_abc9.ys

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ module top(output [42:0] P);
 assert property (P == 42*42);
 endmodule
 EOT
+async2sync
 techmap -map +/xilinx/xc7_dsp_map.v
 verilog_defaults -add -D ALLOW_WHITEBOX_DSP48E1
 synth_xilinx -abc9

tests/gen-tests-makefile.sh

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ generate_target() {
 # $ generate_ys_test ys_file [yosys_args]
 generate_ys_test() {
 	ys_file=$1
-	yosys_args=${2:-}
+	yosys_args_=${2:-}
-	generate_target "$ys_file" "\"$YOSYS_BASEDIR/yosys\" -ql ${ys_file%.*}.log $yosys_args $ys_file"
+	generate_target "$ys_file" "\"$YOSYS_BASEDIR/yosys\" -ql ${ys_file%.*}.log $yosys_args_ $ys_file"
 }
 
 # $ generate_bash_test bash_file
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ generate_tests() {
 	if [[ $do_sv = true ]]; then
 		for x in *.sv; do
 			if [ ! -f "${x%.sv}.ys"  ]; then
-				generate_ys_test "$x" "-p \"prep -top top; sat -enable_undef -verify -prove-asserts\" $yosys_args"
+				generate_ys_test "$x" "-p \"prep -top top; async2sync; sat -enable_undef -verify -prove-asserts\" $yosys_args"
 			fi;
 		done
 	fi;

tests/proc/proc_rom.ys

@@ -186,4 +186,27 @@ design -stash preopt
 equiv_opt -assert -run prepare: dummy
 
 
+design -reset
 
+read_ilang <<EOT
+
+module \m
+  wire width 3 input 1 \a
+
+  process \p
+    switch \a
+      case 3'000
+      case 3'001
+      case 3'010
+      case 3'011
+      case 3'100
+      case 3'101
+      case 3'110
+      case 3'111
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+EOT
+
+proc_rom

tests/sat/asserts.ys

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 read_verilog -sv asserts.v
-hierarchy; proc; opt
+hierarchy; proc; opt; async2sync
 sat -verify -seq 1 -set-at 1 rst 1 -tempinduct -prove-asserts

tests/sat/asserts_seq.ys

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 read_verilog -sv asserts_seq.v
-hierarchy; proc; opt
+hierarchy; proc; opt; async2sync
 
 sat -verify  -prove-asserts -tempinduct -seq 1 test_001
 sat -falsify -prove-asserts -tempinduct -seq 1 test_002

tests/sat/initval.ys

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 read_verilog -sv initval.v
-proc;;
+proc; async2sync;;
 
 sat -seq 10 -prove-asserts