yosys/backends/functional/cxx.cc

/*
 *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2024  Emily Schmidt <emily@yosyshq.com>
 *  Copyright (C) 2024 National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC
 *
 *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include "kernel/yosys.h"
#include "kernel/functional.h"
#include <ctype.h>

USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

const char *reserved_keywords[] = {
	"alignas","alignof","and","and_eq","asm","atomic_cancel","atomic_commit",
	"atomic_noexcept","auto","bitand","bitor","bool","break","case",
	"catch","char","char16_t","char32_t","char8_t","class","co_await",
	"co_return","co_yield","compl","concept","const","const_cast","consteval",
	"constexpr","constinit","continue","decltype","default","delete",
	"do","double","dynamic_cast","else","enum","explicit","export",
	"extern","false","float","for","friend","goto","if","inline",
	"int","long","mutable","namespace","new","noexcept","not","not_eq",
	"nullptr","operator","or","or_eq","private","protected","public",
	"reflexpr","register","reinterpret_cast","requires","return","short",
	"signed","sizeof","static","static_log_assert","static_cast","struct",
	"switch","synchronized","template","this","thread_local","throw",
	"true","try","typedef","typeid","typename","union","unsigned",
	"using","virtual","void","volatile","wchar_t","while","xor","xor_eq",
	nullptr
};

template<typename Id> struct CxxScope : public Functional::Scope<Id> {
	CxxScope() {
		for(const char **p = reserved_keywords; *p != nullptr; p++)
			this->reserve(*p);
	}
	bool is_character_legal(char c, int index) override {
		return isascii(c) && (isalpha(c) || (isdigit(c) && index > 0) || c == '_' || c == '$');
	}
};

struct CxxType {
	Functional::Sort sort;
	CxxType(Functional::Sort sort) : sort(sort) {}
	std::string to_string() const {
		if(sort.is_memory()) {
			return stringf("Memory<%d, %d>", sort.addr_width(), sort.data_width());
		} else if(sort.is_signal()) {
			return stringf("Signal<%d>", sort.width());
		} else {
			log_error("unknown sort");
		}
	}
};

using CxxWriter = Functional::Writer;

struct CxxStruct {
	std::string name;
	dict<IdString, CxxType> types;
	CxxScope<IdString> scope;
	CxxStruct(std::string name) : name(name)
	{
		scope.reserve("fn");
		scope.reserve("visit");
	}
	void insert(IdString name, CxxType type) {
		scope(name, name);
		types.insert({name, type});
	}
	void print(CxxWriter &f) {
		f.print("\tstruct {} {{\n", name);
		for (auto p : types) {
			f.print("\t\t{} {};\n", p.second.to_string(), scope(p.first, p.first));
		}
		f.print("\n\t\ttemplate <typename T> void visit(T &&fn) {{\n");
		for (auto p : types) {
			f.print("\t\t\tfn(\"{}\", {});\n", RTLIL::unescape_id(p.first), scope(p.first, p.first));
		}
		f.print("\t\t}}\n");
		f.print("\t}};\n\n");
	};
	std::string operator[](IdString field) {
		return scope(field, field);
	}
};

std::string cxx_const(RTLIL::Const const &value) {
	std::stringstream ss;
	ss << "Signal<" << value.size() << ">(" << std::hex << std::showbase;
	if(value.size() > 32) ss << "{";
	for(int i = 0; i < value.size(); i += 32) {
		if(i > 0) ss << ", ";
		ss << value.extract(i, 32).as_int();
	}
	if(value.size() > 32) ss << "}";
	ss << ")";
	return ss.str();
}

template<class NodePrinter> struct CxxPrintVisitor : public Functional::AbstractVisitor<void> {
	using Node = Functional::Node;
	CxxWriter &f;
	NodePrinter np;
	CxxStruct &input_struct;
	CxxStruct &state_struct;
	CxxPrintVisitor(CxxWriter &f, NodePrinter np, CxxStruct &input_struct, CxxStruct &state_struct) : f(f), np(np), input_struct(input_struct), state_struct(state_struct) { }
	template<typename... Args> void print(const char *fmt, Args&&... args) {
		f.print_with(np, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
	}
	void buf(Node, Node n) override { print("{}", n); }
	void slice(Node, Node a, int offset, int out_width) override { print("{0}.slice<{2}>({1})", a, offset, out_width); }
	void zero_extend(Node, Node a, int out_width) override { print("{}.zero_extend<{}>()", a, out_width); }
	void sign_extend(Node, Node a, int out_width) override { print("{}.sign_extend<{}>()", a, out_width); }
	void concat(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{}.concat({})", a, b); }
	void add(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} + {}", a, b); }
	void sub(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} - {}", a, b); }
	void mul(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} * {}", a, b); }
	void unsigned_div(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} / {}", a, b); }
	void unsigned_mod(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} % {}", a, b); }
	void bitwise_and(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} & {}", a, b); }
	void bitwise_or(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} | {}", a, b); }
	void bitwise_xor(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} ^ {}", a, b); }
	void bitwise_not(Node, Node a) override { print("~{}", a); }
	void unary_minus(Node, Node a) override { print("-{}", a); }
	void reduce_and(Node, Node a) override { print("{}.all()", a); }
	void reduce_or(Node, Node a) override { print("{}.any()", a); }
	void reduce_xor(Node, Node a) override { print("{}.parity()", a); }
	void equal(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} == {}", a, b); }
	void not_equal(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} != {}", a, b); }
	void signed_greater_than(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{}.signed_greater_than({})", a, b); }
	void signed_greater_equal(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{}.signed_greater_equal({})", a, b); }
	void unsigned_greater_than(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} > {}", a, b); }
	void unsigned_greater_equal(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} >= {}", a, b); }
	void logical_shift_left(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} << {}", a, b); }
	void logical_shift_right(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{} >> {}", a, b); }
	void arithmetic_shift_right(Node, Node a, Node b) override { print("{}.arithmetic_shift_right({})", a, b); }
	void mux(Node, Node a, Node b, Node s) override { print("{2}.any() ? {1} : {0}", a, b, s); }
	void constant(Node, RTLIL::Const const & value) override { print("{}", cxx_const(value)); }
	void input(Node, IdString name, IdString kind) override { log_assert(kind == ID($input)); print("input.{}", input_struct[name]); }
	void state(Node, IdString name, IdString kind) override { log_assert(kind == ID($state)); print("current_state.{}", state_struct[name]); }
	void memory_read(Node, Node mem, Node addr) override { print("{}.read({})", mem, addr); }
	void memory_write(Node, Node mem, Node addr, Node data) override { print("{}.write({}, {})", mem, addr, data); }
};

bool equal_def(RTLIL::Const const &a, RTLIL::Const const &b) {
	if(a.size() != b.size()) return false;
	for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
		if((a[i] == State::S1) != (b[i] == State::S1))
			return false;
	return true;
}

struct CxxModule {
	Functional::IR ir;
	CxxStruct input_struct, output_struct, state_struct;
	std::string module_name;

	explicit CxxModule(Module *module) :
		ir(Functional::IR::from_module(module)),
		input_struct("Inputs"),
		output_struct("Outputs"),
		state_struct("State")
	{
		for (auto input : ir.inputs())
			input_struct.insert(input->name, input->sort);
		for (auto output : ir.outputs())
			output_struct.insert(output->name, output->sort);
		for (auto state : ir.states())
			state_struct.insert(state->name, state->sort);
		module_name = CxxScope<int>().unique_name(module->name);
	}
	void write_header(CxxWriter &f) {
		f.print("#include \"sim.h\"\n\n");
	}
	void write_struct_def(CxxWriter &f) {
		f.print("struct {} {{\n", module_name);
		input_struct.print(f);
		output_struct.print(f);
		state_struct.print(f);
		f.print("\tstatic void eval(Inputs const &, Outputs &, State const &, State &);\n");
		f.print("\tstatic void initialize(State &);\n");
		f.print("}};\n\n");
	}
	void write_initial_def(CxxWriter &f) {
		f.print("void {0}::initialize({0}::State &state)\n{{\n", module_name);
		for (auto state : ir.states()) {
			if (state->sort.is_signal())
				f.print("\tstate.{} = {};\n", state_struct[state->name], cxx_const(state->initial_value_signal()));
			else if (state->sort.is_memory()) {
				f.print("\t{{\n");
				f.print("\t\tstd::array<Signal<{}>, {}> mem;\n", state->sort.data_width(), 1<<state->sort.addr_width());
				const auto &contents = state->initial_value_memory();
				f.print("\t\tmem.fill({});\n", cxx_const(contents.default_value()));
				for(auto range : contents)
					for(auto addr = range.base(); addr < range.limit(); addr++)
						if(!equal_def(range[addr], contents.default_value()))
							f.print("\t\tmem[{}] = {};\n", addr, cxx_const(range[addr]));
				f.print("\t\tstate.{} = mem;\n", state_struct[state->name]);
				f.print("\t}}\n");
			}
		}
		f.print("}}\n\n");
	}
	void write_eval_def(CxxWriter &f) {
		f.print("void {0}::eval({0}::Inputs const &input, {0}::Outputs &output, {0}::State const &current_state, {0}::State &next_state)\n{{\n", module_name);
		CxxScope<int> locals;
		locals.reserve("input");
		locals.reserve("output");
		locals.reserve("current_state");
		locals.reserve("next_state");
		auto node_name = [&](Functional::Node n) { return locals(n.id(), n.name()); };
		CxxPrintVisitor printVisitor(f, node_name, input_struct, state_struct);
		for (auto node : ir) {
			f.print("\t{} {} = ", CxxType(node.sort()).to_string(), node_name(node));
			node.visit(printVisitor);
			f.print(";\n");
		}
		for (auto state : ir.states())
			f.print("\tnext_state.{} = {};\n", state_struct[state->name], node_name(state->next_value()));
		for (auto output : ir.outputs())
			f.print("\toutput.{} = {};\n", output_struct[output->name], node_name(output->value()));
		f.print("}}\n\n");
	}
};

struct FunctionalCxxBackend : public Backend
{
	FunctionalCxxBackend() : Backend("functional_cxx", "convert design to C++ using the functional backend") {}

    void help() override
	{
		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
		log("\n");
		log("TODO: add help message\n");
		log("\n");
    }

	void printCxx(std::ostream &stream, std::string, Module *module)
	{
		CxxWriter f(stream);
		CxxModule mod(module);
		mod.write_header(f);
		mod.write_struct_def(f);
		mod.write_eval_def(f);
		mod.write_initial_def(f);
	}

	void execute(std::ostream *&f, std::string filename, std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) override
	{
        log_header(design, "Executing Functional C++ backend.\n");

		size_t argidx = 1;
		extra_args(f, filename, args, argidx, design);

		for (auto module : design->selected_modules()) {
            log("Dumping module `%s'.\n", module->name.c_str());
			printCxx(*f, filename, module);
		}
	}
} FunctionalCxxBackend;

PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END