SOFA/DOC/source/datasheet/sofa_hd/sofa_hd_fpga_arch.rst

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.. _sofa_hd_fpga_arch:
Architecture
-------------
.. _sofa_hd_fpga_arch_floorplan:
Floorplan
^^^^^^^^^
:numref:`fig_sofa_hd_fpga_arch` shows an overview on the architecture of the embedded FPGA fabric.
The FPGA follows a homogeneous architecture which only contains single type of tiles in the center fabric.
I/O tiles are placed at the boundary of the FPGA to interface with GPIOs and RISC-V processors (see details in :ref:`sofa_hd_io_resource`).
.. _fig_sofa_hd_fpga_arch:
.. figure:: ./figures/sofa_hd_fpga_arch.svg
:scale: 25%
:alt: Tile-based FPGA architecture
Tile-based FPGA architecture
.. _sofa_hd_fpga_arch_tiles:
Tiles
^^^^^
The FPGA architecture follows a tile-based organization, to exploit the fine-grainularity in physical design, where three types of tiles are built:
.. table:: FPGA tile type and functionalities
+------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
| Type | Capacity | Description |
+======+==========+==============================================+
| CLB | 144 || Each CLB tile consists of |
| | || - a Configurable Logic Block (CLB) |
| | || - a X-direction Connection Block (CBx) |
| | || - a Y-direction Connection Block (CBy) |
| | || - a Switch Block (SB). |
| | | |
| | || This is the majority tile across the fabric |
| | | to implement logics and registers. |
+------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
| IO-A | 36 || The type-A I/O is a low-density I/O tile |
| | | which is designed to mainly interface |
| | || the GPIOs of the SoC. |
| | | |
| | || Each I/O-A tile consists of 1 digitial I/O |
| | | cell. |
+------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
| IO-B | 12 || The type-B I/O is a high-density I/O tile |
| | | which is designed to mainly interface |
| | || the wishbone interface and logic analyzer |
| | | of the SoC. |
| | | |
| | || Each I/O-B tile consists of 9 digitial I/O |
| | | cells. |
+------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
.. _sofa_hd_fpga_arch_routing_arch:
Routing Architecture
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The routing architecture is based on uni-directional routing tracks, which are interconnected by routing multiplexers.
:numref:`fig_sofa_hd_routing_arch` illustrates the detailed organization of the routing architecture.
.. _fig_sofa_hd_routing_arch:
.. figure:: ./figures/sofa_hd_routing_arch.svg
:width: 80%
:alt: Detailed routing architecture
Detailed routing architecture
The routing architecture consists the following type of routing tracks:
- Length-1 wires (``L1 wires``), which hop over 1 logic block (including I/O block)
- Length-2 wires (``L2 wires``), which hop over 2 logic block (including I/O block)
- Length-4 wires (``L4 wires``), which hop over 4 logic block (including I/O block)
Each tile includes two routing channels, i.e., the X-direction routing channel and the Y-direction routing channel, providing horizental and vertical connections to adjacent tiles.
Each routing channel consists of 40 routing tracks. See details in :numref:`table_sofa_hd_fpga_arch_routing_track_distribution`.
.. _table_sofa_hd_fpga_arch_routing_track_distribution:
.. table:: Routing track distribution of SOFA HD FPGA
+------------+------------------------------+
| Track type | Number of tracks per channel |
+============+==============================+
| Length-1 | 4 (10%) |
+------------+------------------------------+
| Length-2 | 4 (10%) |
+------------+------------------------------+
| Length-4 | 32 (80%) |
+------------+------------------------------+
| Total | 40 |
+------------+------------------------------+
.. _sofa_hd_fpga_arch_scan_chain:
Scan-chain
^^^^^^^^^^
There is a built-in scan-chain in the FPGA which connects the the `sc_in` and `sc_out` ports of CLBs in a chain (see details in :ref:`sofa_hd_clb_arch_scan_chain`), as illustrated in :numref:`fig_sofa_hd_fabric_scan_chain`.
When `Test_en` signal is active, users can
- overwrite the contents of all the D-type flip-flops in the FPGA by feeding signals to the `SC_HEAD` port
- readback the contents of all the D-type flip-flops in the FPGA through the `SC_TAIL` port.
.. _fig_sofa_hd_fabric_scan_chain:
.. figure:: ./figures/sofa_hd_fabric_scan_chain.svg
:scale: 25%
:alt: Built-in scan-chain across FPGA
Built-in scan-chain across FPGA