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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/index.html">Coriolis User’s Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/LicenseCredits.html">Credits & License</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Releases.html#release-1-0-1475">Release 1.0.1475</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html">Coriolis Configuration & Initialisation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html#general-software-architecture">General Software Architecture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html#first-stage-technology-selection">First Stage: Technology Selection</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html#second-stage-technology-configuration-loading">Second Stage: Technology Configuration Loading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html#configuration-helpers">Configuration Helpers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html#alliance-helper"><span class="sc">Alliance</span> Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/Configuration.html#hacking-the-configuration-files">Hacking the Configuration Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html">CGT - The Graphical Interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#viewer-tools">Viewer & Tools</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#stratus-netlist-capture"><span class="sc">Stratus</span> Netlist Capture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#the-hurricane-data-base">The <span class="sc">Hurricane</span> Data-Base</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#synthetizing-and-loading-a-design">Synthetizing and loading a design</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#etesian-placer">Etesian – Placer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#knik-global-router">Knik – Global Router</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#kite-detailed-router">Kite – Detailed Router</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#executing-python-scripts-in-cgt">Executing Python Scripts in Cgt</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#memento-of-shortcuts-in-graphic-mode">Memento of Shortcuts in Graphic Mode</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#the-controller">The Controller</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#the-filter-tab">The Filter Tab</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#the-layers-go-tab">The Layers&Go Tab</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#the-netlist-tab">The Netlist Tab</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ViewerTools.html#the-selection-tab">The Selection Tab</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ScriptsPlugins.html">Python Interface for <span class="sc">Hurricane</span> / <span class="sc">Coriolis</span></a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ScriptsPlugins.html#chip-placement">Chip Placement</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ScriptsPlugins.html#clock-tree">Clock Tree</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../UsersGuide/ScriptsPlugins.html#a-simple-example-am2901">A Simple Example: AM2901</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/index.html">Hurricane+Python Tutorial</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Introduction.html">1. Introduction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Introduction.html#terminology">1.1 Terminology</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Introduction.html#generalities">1.2 Generalities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Introduction.html#various-kinds-of-constructors">1.3 Various Kinds of Constructors</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Environment.html">2. Setting up the Environment</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Environment.html#setting-up-the-pathes">2.1 Setting up the Pathes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Environment.html#user-s-configurations-file">2.2 User’s Configurations File</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Environment.html#the-techno-py-file">2.2.1 The <span class="cb">techno.py</span> File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Environment.html#the-settings-py-file">2.2.2 The <span class="cb">settings.py</span> File</a></li>
</ul>
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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html">3. Making a Standard Cell – Layout</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#the-allianceframework-crl-core">3.1 The AllianceFramework (CRL Core)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#session-mechanism-hurricane">3.2 Session Mechanism (Hurricane)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#creating-a-new-cell-crl-core">3.3 Creating a new Cell (CRL Core)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#the-dbu-measurement-unit">3.4 The DbU Measurement Unit</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#setting-up-the-abutment-box">3.5 Setting up the Abutment Box</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#adding-nets-and-components">3.6 Adding Nets and Components</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#getting-a-layer">3.6.1 Getting a Layer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#creating-a-net">3.6.2 Creating a Net</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#id1">3.6.3 Creating a Component</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#saving-to-disk-crl-core">3.7 Saving to Disk (CRL Core)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CellNetComponent.html#the-complete-example-file">3.8 The Complete Example File</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Collections.html">4. Manipulating Cells, Nets and Components</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Collections.html#hurricane-collections">4.1 Hurricane Collections</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Collections.html#restrictions-about-using-collections">4.1.1 Restrictions about using Collections</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Collections.html#loading-a-cell-with-allianceframework">4.2 Loading a Cell with AllianceFramework</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CgtScript.html">5. Make a script runnable through <span class="cb">cgt</span></a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/CgtScript.html#using-breakpoints">5.1 Using Breakpoints</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html">6. Making a hierarchical Cell – Netlist</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#creating-an-instance">6.1 Creating an Instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#id1">6.2 Creating Nets and connecting to Instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#power-supplies-special-case">6.3 Power supplies special case</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#creating-the-physical-view-of-a-cell-netlist">6.4 Creating the physical view of a Cell netlist</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#id2">6.4.1 Transformation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#placing-an-instance">6.4.2 Placing an Instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#nets-from-plugs-to-routingpads">6.4.3 Nets – From Plugs to RoutingPads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#nets-regular-wiring">6.4.4 Nets – Regular wiring</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/Netlist.html#the-complete-example-file">6.5 The Complete Example File</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/RealDesigns.html">7. Working in real mode</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/RealDesigns.html#loading-a-lef-file">7.1 Loading a <span class="sc">lef</span> file</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/RealDesigns.html#loading-a-blif-file-yosys">7.2 Loading a <span class="sc">blif</span> file – <span class="sc">Yosys</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/ToolEngines.html">8. Tool Engines (CRL Core)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/ToolEngines.html#placer-etesian">8.1 Placer – Etesian</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/ToolEngines.html#router-katana">8.1 Router – Katana</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/ToolEngines.html#a-complete-example">8.2 A Complete Example</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/AdvancedTopics.html">9. Advanced Topics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/AdvancedTopics.html#id1">9.1 Occurrence</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/AdvancedTopics.html#id2">9.2 RoutingPads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/AdvancedTopics.html#hypernets">9.3 HyperNets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../PythonTutorial/AdvancedTopics.html#miscellaeous-trans-hierarchical-functions">9.4 Miscellaeous trans-hierarchical functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/index.html">Stratus : Netlist Capture Language</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html">Stratus User’s Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#introduction">Introduction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#stratus">Stratus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#example">Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#description-of-a-netlist">Description of a netlist</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#nets">Nets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#instances">Instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#generators">Generators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#description-of-a-layout">Description of a layout</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#place">Place</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placetop">PlaceTop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placebottom">PlaceBottom</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placeright">PlaceRight</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placeleft">PlaceLeft</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#setrefins">SetRefIns</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#defab">DefAb</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#resizeab">ResizeAb</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#patterns-generation-extension">Patterns generation extension</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#description-of-the-stimuli">Description of the stimuli</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#place-and-route">Place and Route</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placesegment">PlaceSegment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placecontact">PlaceContact</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placepin">PlacePin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placeref">PlaceRef</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#getrefxy">GetRefXY</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#copyupsegment">CopyUpSegment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placecentric">PlaceCentric</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#placeglu">PlaceGlu</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#fillcell">FillCell</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#pads">Pads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#alimentation-rails">Alimentation rails</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#alimentation-connectors">Alimentation connectors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#powerring">PowerRing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#routeck">RouteCk</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#instanciation-facilities">Instanciation facilities</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#buffer">Buffer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#multiplexor">Multiplexor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#shifter">Shifter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#register">Register</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#constants">Constants</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#boolean-operations">Boolean operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#arithmetical-operations">Arithmetical operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#comparison-operations">Comparison operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#virtual-library">Virtual library</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#useful-links">Useful links</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#dpgen-generators">DpGen generators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#arithmetic-package-of-stratus">Arithmetic package of stratus</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#arithmetic-generators-and-some-stratus-packages">Arithmetic generators and some stratus packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Language.html#patterns-module">Patterns module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html">Stratus Developper’s Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#class-model">Class Model</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#synopsys">Synopsys</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#parameters">Parameters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#attributes">Attributes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#methods">Methods</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#nets">Nets</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id1">Synopsys</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id2">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id3">Parameters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id4">Attributes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id5">Methods</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#instances">Instances</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id6">Synopsys</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id7">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id8">Parameters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id9">Attributes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Developper.html#id10">Methods</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html">Patterns module User’s Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#syntax">Syntax</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#declaration-part">Declaration part</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#description-part">Description part</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#methods">Methods</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#patwrite">PatWrite</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#declar">declar</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#declar-interface">declar_interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#id2">declar</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#affect-int">affect_int</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#affect-fix">affect_fix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#affect-any">affect_any</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#addpat">addpat</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#pattern-begin">pattern_begin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#pattern-end">pattern_end</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/Patterns.html#example">Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html">DpGen generators manual</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgeninv">DpgenInv</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenbuff">DpgenBuff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennand2">DpgenNand2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennand3">DpgenNand3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennand4">Dpgennand4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenand2">DpgenAnd2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenand3">DpgenAnd3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenand4">DpgenAnd4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennor2">DpgenNor2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennor3">DpgenNor3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennor4">DpgenNor4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenor2">DpgenOr2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenor3">DpgenOr3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenor4">DpgenOr4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenxor2">DpgenXor2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenxnor2">DpgenXnor2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennmux2">DpgenNmux2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenmux2">DpgenMux2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennbuse">DpgenNbuse</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenbuse">DpgenBuse</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennand2mask">DpgenNand2mask</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennor2mask">DpgenNor2mask</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenxnor2mask">DpgenXnor2mask</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenadsb2f">DpgenAdsb2f</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenshift">DpgenShift</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenshrot">DpgenShrot</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgennul">DpgenNul</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenconst">DpgenConst</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenrom2">DpgenRom2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenrom4">DpgenRom4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenram">DpgenRam</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenrf1">DpgenRf1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenrf1d">DpgenRf1d</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgenfifo">DpgenFifo</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgendff">DpgenDff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgendfft">DpgenDfft</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgensff">DpgenSff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../Stratus/DpGen.html#dpgensfft">DpgenSfft</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Hurricane/Hurricane.html">Hurricane Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Viewer/Viewer.html">Viewer Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../CrlCore/CrlCore.html">CRL Core Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Katabatic/Katabatic.html">Katabatic Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Kite/Kite.html">Kite Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Unicorn/Unicorn.html">Unicorn Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Hurricane Python/C++ API Tutorial</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Introduction.html">1. Introduction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="Introduction.html#first-a-disclaimer">1.1 First, A Disclaimer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="Introduction.html#about-technical-choices">1.2 About Technical Choices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="Introduction.html#botched-design">1.3 Botched Design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Configuration.html">2. Basic File Structure and CMake configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">3. Case 1 - DBo Derived, Standalone</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#class-associated-header-file">3.1 Class Associated Header File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#class-associated-file">3.2 Class Associated File</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#head-of-the-file">3.2.1 Head of the file</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#the-python-module-part">3.2.2 The Python Module Part</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#python-type-linking">3.2.3 Python Type Linking</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#the-shared-library-part">3.2.4 The Shared Library Part</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#python-module-c-namespace">3.3 Python Module (C++ namespace)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html">4. Case 2 - Hierarchy of DBo Derived Classes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#base-class-header">4.1 Base Class Header</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#base-class-file">4.2 Base Class File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#intermediate-class-header">4.3 Intermediate Class Header</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#intermediate-class-file">4.4 Intermediate Class File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#terminal-class-header">4.5 Terminal Class Header</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#terminal-class-file">4.6 Terminal Class File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="DBoHierarchy.html#python-module">4.8 Python Module</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="NonDBo.html">5. Case 3 - Non-DBo Standalone Classe</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="NonDBo.html#class-header">5.1 Class Header</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="NonDBo.html#class-file">5.2 Class File</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="NonDBo.html#id1">5.2 Class File</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="DbU.html">6. Encapsulating DbU</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Name.html">7. No C++ Hurricane::Name encapsulation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/index.html">RDS – Symbolic to Real Conversion in Alliance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html">Symbolic Layout</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#symbolic-components">Symbolic Components</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#symbolic-segments">Symbolic Segments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#the-rds-file">The RDS File</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#physical-grid-lambda-value">Physical Grid & Lambda Value</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#the-mbk-to-rds-segment-table">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MBK_TO_RDS_SEGMENT</span></code> table</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#the-mbk-to-rds-via-table">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MBK_TO_RDS_VIA</span></code> table</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#the-mbk-to-rds-bigvia-hole-table">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MBK_TO_RDS_BIGVIA_HOLE</span></code> table</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#the-mbk-to-rds-bigvia-metal-table">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MBK_TO_RDS_BIGVIA_METAL</span></code> table</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../RDS/RDSpage.html#the-mbk-wiresetting-table">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MBK_WIRESETTING</span></code> table</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Analog/Analog.html">Hurricane/Analog Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../Oroshi/Oroshi.html">Oroshi Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../lefapi/lefapi.html">LEF API Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../lefapi/lefapi.html#implementation-notes">Implementation Notes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../lefapi/lefapi.html#understanding-units">Understanding Units</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../lefapi/lefapi.html#callback-calling-order">Callback Calling Order</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../defapi/defapi.html">DEF API Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../lefdef/lefdef.html">LEF/DEF Language Reference</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li>
<li><a href="index.html">Hurricane Python/C++ API Tutorial</a> »</li>
<li>3. Case 1 - DBo Derived, Standalone</li>
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<div class="section" id="case-1-dbo-derived-standalone">
<h1>3. Case 1 - DBo Derived, Standalone<a class="headerlink" href="#case-1-dbo-derived-standalone" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>As example, we take <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library</span></code>. This a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBo</span></code> derived class, but we
choose not to export the parent classes. From Python, it will appear
as a base class.</p>
<div class="section" id="class-associated-header-file">
<span id="id1"></span><span id="id2"></span><h2>3.1 Class Associated Header File<a class="headerlink" href="#class-associated-header-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Here is the typical content of a header file (for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code>):</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#ifndef PY_LIBRARY_H</span>
<span class="cp">#define PY_LIBRARY_H</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">"hurricane/isobar/PyHurricane.h"</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">"hurricane/Library.h"</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="n">Isobar</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">using</span> <span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="n">Hurricane</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">extern</span> <span class="s">"C"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">PyObject_HEAD</span>
<span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">_object</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">PyLibrary</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">extern</span> <span class="n">PyTypeObject</span> <span class="n">PyTypeLibrary</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">extern</span> <span class="n">PyMethodDef</span> <span class="n">PyLibrary_Methods</span><span class="p">[];</span>
<span class="k">extern</span> <span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">PyLibrary_Link</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">Hurricane</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">lib</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">extern</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">PyLibrary_LinkPyType</span> <span class="p">();</span>
<span class="cp">#define IsPyLibrary(v) ( (v)->ob_type == &PyTypeLibrary )</span>
<span class="cp">#define PYLIBRARY(v) ( (PyLibrary*)(v) )</span>
<span class="cp">#define PYLIBRARY_O(v) ( PYLIBRARY(v)->_object )</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// extern "C".</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// Isobar namespace.</span>
<span class="cp">#endif </span><span class="c1">// PY_LIBRARY_H</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The code is organized as follow:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">It must have, <em>as the first include</em> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyHurricane.h</span></code>, which provides
the complete bunch of macros needed to build the module. Then the include
of the C++ class we want to wrap (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library.h</span></code>).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">As Python is written in C, all the wrapper code has to be but inside
an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extern</span> <span class="pre">"C"</span></code> namespace.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Definition of the wrapped <span class="cb">struct</span>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code>. It is standard Python here.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">For our set of macros to work, the name of the pointer to the
C++ class must always be <strong>_object</strong>, and the various functions and
macros defined here must take the name of the class (either in
lowercase, camel case or capitals).</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Declaration of the Python type <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code> (standard).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Declaration of the Python type table of methods <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_Methods</span></code> (standard).</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="arabic simple" id="id3" start="6">
<li>Declaration of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_Link()</span></code>, helper to convert a C++ <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Lybrary</span></code> into
a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code> (put in the support shared library).</li>
<li>Declaration of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_LinkPyType()</span></code>, this function setup the class-level
function of the new Python type (here, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code>).</li>
<li>And, lastly, three macros to:<ul>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IsPylibrary()</span></code>, know if a Python object is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYLIBRARY()</span></code>, force cast (C style) of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code> into a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code>.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYLIBRARY_O()</span></code>, extract the C++ object (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library*</span></code>) from the Python
object (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code>).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-associated-file">
<span id="id4"></span><h2>3.2 Class Associated File<a class="headerlink" href="#class-associated-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="head-of-the-file">
<h3>3.2.1 Head of the file<a class="headerlink" href="#head-of-the-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">"hurricane/isobar/PyLibrary.h"</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">"hurricane/isobar/PyDataBase.h"</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">"hurricane/isobar/PyCell.h"</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="n">Isobar</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">using</span> <span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="n">Hurricane</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">extern</span> <span class="s">"C"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="cp">#define METHOD_HEAD(function) GENERIC_METHOD_HEAD(Library,lib,function)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>As for the header, all the code must be put inside a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extern</span> <span class="pre">"C"</span></code> namespace.</p>
<p>A convenience macro <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">METHOD_HEAD()</span></code> must be defined, by refining
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">GENERIC_METHOD_HEAD()</span></code>. This macro will be used in the method wrappers
below to cast the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_object</span></code> field of the Python object into the
appropriate C++ class, this is done using a C-style cast.
The parameters of that macro are:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>The C++ encapsulated class (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library</span></code>).</li>
<li>The name of the <em>variable</em> that will be used to store a pointer
to the C++ working object.</li>
<li>The name of the C++ method which is to be wrapped.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-python-module-part">
<h3>3.2.2 The Python Module Part<a class="headerlink" href="#the-python-module-part" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>First, we have to build all the wrappers to the C++ methods of
the class. For common predicates, accessors, and mutators macros
are supplied.</p>
<p>Wrapping of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library::getCell()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">PyLibrary_getCell</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">PyLibrary</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">Cell</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">cell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">HTRY</span>
<span class="n">METHOD_HEAD</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"Library.getCell()"</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyArg_ParseTuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">"s:Library.getCell"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">cell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">getCell</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">PyErr_SetString</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">ConstructorError</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"invalid number of parameters for Library::getCell."</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">HCATCH</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">PyCell_Link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cell</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Key points about this method wrapper:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HTRY</span></code> / <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HCATCH</span></code> macros provides an insulation from the C++
exceptions. If one is emitted, it will be catched and transformed in
a Python one. This way, the Python program will be cleanly interrupted
and the usual stack trace displayed.</li>
<li>The returned value of this method is of type <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Cell*</span></code>, we have to
transform it into a Python one. This is done with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyCell_Link()</span></code>.
This macro is supplied by the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyCell.h</span></code> header and this is why
it must be included.</li>
</ol>
<p></p>
<p>Wrapping of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library::create()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span> <span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">PyLibrary_create</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">arg0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">arg1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">library</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">HTRY</span>
<span class="n">__cs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"Library.create"</span> <span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Step (1).</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">not</span> <span class="n">PyArg_ParseTuple</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"O&O&:Library.create"</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Converter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">arg0</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Converter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">arg1</span> <span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="c1">// Step (2).</span>
<span class="n">PyErr_SetString</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">ConstructorError</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"invalid number of parameters for Library constructor."</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__cs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getObjectIds</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">":db:string"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="c1">// Step (3.a)</span>
<span class="n">DataBase</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PYDATABASE_O</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">library</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyString_AsString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__cs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getObjectIds</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">":library:string"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="c1">// Step (3.b)</span>
<span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">masterLibrary</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PYLIBRARY_O</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">library</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">masterLibrary</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyString_AsString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">PyErr_SetString</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">ConstructorError</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"invalid number of parameters for Library constructor."</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">HCATCH</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">PyLibrary_Link</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">library</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Key point about this constructor:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>We want the Python interface to mimic as closely as possible the
C++ API. As such, Python object will be created using a static
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.create()</span></code> method. So we do not use the usual Python allocation
mechanism.</li>
<li>As it is a <em>static</em> method, there is no first argument.</li>
<li>Python do not allow function overload like C++. To emulate that
behavior we use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__cs</span></code> object (which is a global variable).<ol class="arabic">
<li>Init/reset the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__cs</span></code> object: see <em>step (1)</em>.</li>
<li>Call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code>, read every mandatory or optional
argument as a Python object (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"O&"</span></code>) and use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Converter</span></code>
on each one. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Converter</span></code> will determine the real type of
the Python object given as argument by looking at the
encapsulated C++ class. It then update the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__cs</span></code> object.
Done in <em>step (2)</em></li>
<li>After the call to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyArg_ParseTuple()</span></code>, the function
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__cs.getObjectIds()</span></code> will return the <em>signature</em> of
the various arguments. In our case, the valid signatures
will be <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">":db:string"</span></code> (<em>step (3.a)*a) and ``”:library:string”``
(*step (3.b)</em>).</li>
<li>Call the C++ method after extracting the C++ objects from
the Python arguments. Note the use of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYLIBRARY_O()</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYDATABSE_O()</span></code> macros to perform the conversion.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Return the result, encapsulated through a call to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_Link()</span></code>.</li>
</ol>
<p></p>
<p>Wrapping of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library::destroy()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBoDestroyAttribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyLibrary_destroy</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PyLibrary</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For C++ classes <strong>that are derived</strong> from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBo</span></code>, the destroy method
wrapper must be defined using the macro <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBoDestroyAttribute()</span></code>.
This macro implements the bi-directional communication mechanism
using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Hurricane::Property</span></code>. It <strong>must not</strong> be used for
non <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBo</span></code> derived classes.</p>
<p>Defining the method table of the PyLibrary type:</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">PyMethodDef</span> <span class="n">PyLibrary_Methods</span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="o">=</span>
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">"create"</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyCFunction</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">PyLibrary_create</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">METH_VARARGS</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">METH_STATIC</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Creates a new library."</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">"getCell"</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyCFunction</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">PyLibrary_getCell</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">METH_VARARGS</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Get the cell of name <name>"</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="s">"destroy"</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyCFunction</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">PyLibrary_destroy</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">METH_NOARGS</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Destroy associated hurricane object The python object remains."</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="cm">/* sentinel */</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is standard Python/C API. The name of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyMethodDef</span></code> table must be
named from the class: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_Methods</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-type-linking">
<h3>3.2.3 Python Type Linking<a class="headerlink" href="#python-type-linking" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Defining the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code> class methods and the type linking function.</p>
<p>Those are the functions for the Python object itself to work, not the
wrapped method from the C++ class.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">At this point we <strong>do not</strong> define the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code> itself.
Only it’s functions and a function to set them up <em>once</em> the
type will be defined.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBoDeleteMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Library</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">PyTypeObjectLinkPyType</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Library</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The macro <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBoDeleteMethod()</span></code> define the function to delete a
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code> <em>Python</em> object. Again, do not mistake it for the deletion
of the C++ class (implemented by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBoDestroyAttribute()</span></code>).
Here again, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBoDeleteMethod()</span></code> is specially tailored for
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBo</span></code> derived classes.</p>
<p id="pylibrary-linkpytype">To define <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_LinkPyType()</span></code>, use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeObjectLinkPyType()</span></code>
macro. This macro is specific for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBo</span></code> derived classes that are seen as
base classes under Python (i.e. we don’t bother exposing the base
class under Python). <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_LinkPyType()</span></code> setup the class functions
in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code> type object, it <strong>must</strong> be called in the
Python module this class is part of (in this case: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyHurricane.cpp</span></code>).
This particular flavor of the macro <em>will define</em> and setup the
following class functions:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary.tp_compare</span></code> (defined by the macro).</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary.tp_repr</span></code> (defined by the macro).</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary.tp_str</span></code> (defined by the macro).</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary.tp_hash</span></code> (defined by the macro).</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary.tp_methods</span></code> sets to the previously defined <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_Methods</span></code> table.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary.tp_dealloc</span></code> is set to a function that <em>must</em> be named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_DeAlloc</span></code>,
this is what <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBoDeleteMethod</span></code> does. It is <em>not</em> done by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeObjectLinkPyType</span></code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Defining the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code> type:</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-shared-library-part">
<h3>3.2.4 The Shared Library Part<a class="headerlink" href="#the-shared-library-part" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This part will be put in a separate supporting shared library, allowing
other Python module to link against it (and make use of its symbols).</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DBoLinkCreateMethod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Library</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">PyTypeObjectDefinitions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Library</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To define <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code>, use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeObjectDefinitions()</span></code> macro.
This macro is specific for classes that, as exposed by Python,
are neither <em>derived</em> classes nor <em>base</em> classes for others.
That is, they are standalone from the inheritance point of view.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DBoLinkCreateMethod()</span></code> macro will define the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary_Link()</span></code>
function which is responsible for encapsulating a C++ <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Library</span></code> object
into a Python <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code> one.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-module-c-namespace">
<h2>3.3 Python Module (C++ namespace)<a class="headerlink" href="#python-module-c-namespace" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We use the Python module to replicate the C++ <em>namespace</em>. Thus, for the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Hurricane</span></code> namespace we create a Python <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Hurricane</span></code> module which is
defined in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyHurricane.cpp</span></code> file, then we add into that module
dictionary all the Python types encapsulating the C++ classes of that
namespace.</p>
<div class="highlight-c++"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DL_EXPORT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">initHurricane</span> <span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">PyLibrary_LinkPyType</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// step 1.</span>
<span class="n">PYTYPE_READY</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">Library</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// step 2.</span>
<span class="n">__cs</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">addType</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"library"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">PyTypeLibrary</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"<Library>"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">false</span> <span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// step 3.</span>
<span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">module</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Py_InitModule</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">"Hurricane"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PyHurricane_Methods</span> <span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">module</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">cerr</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="s">"[ERROR]</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span>
<span class="o"><<</span> <span class="s">" Failed to initialize Hurricane module."</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">Py_INCREF</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">PyTypeLibrary</span> <span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// step 4.</span>
<span class="n">PyModule_AddObject</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Library"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">PyTypeLibrary</span> <span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// step 4.</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initHurricane()</span></code> initialisation function shown above has
been scrubbed of everything not relevant to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code> class.
The integration of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyLibrary</span></code> class into the module needs
four steps:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">A call to <a class="reference internal" href="#pylibrary-linkpytype">PyLibrary_LinkPyType()</a> to hook the Python type functions
in the Python type object.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">A call to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTYPE_READY()</span></code> macro (standard Python).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Registering the type into the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__cs</span></code> object, with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">addType()</span></code>.
The arguments are self explanatory, save for the last which is a
boolean to tell if this is a <em>derived</em> class or not.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Adding the type object (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeLibrary</span></code>) into the dictionnary of
the module itself. This allow to mimic closely the C++ syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">Hurricane</span>
<span class="n">lib</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Hurricane</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Library</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'root'</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
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