diff --git a/new/test/main.c b/new/test/main.c
index 62f40fb6..5fe612cd 100644
--- a/new/test/main.c
+++ b/new/test/main.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-//	initMenus();
+	initMenus();
 
 	w = newWindow("Main Window", 320, 240, 1);
 	uiWindowOnClosing(w, onClosing, NULL);
diff --git a/new/windows/menu.c b/new/windows/menu.c
index bad737be..8c033e6c 100644
--- a/new/windows/menu.c
+++ b/new/windows/menu.c
@@ -1,8 +1,242 @@
 // 24 april 2015
 #include "uipriv_windows.h"
 
+// TODO window destruction
+
+static struct menu *menus = NULL;
+static uintmax_t len = 0;
+static uintmax_t cap = 0;
+static BOOL menusFinalized = FALSE;
+
+struct menu {
+	uiMenu m;
+	WCHAR *name;
+	struct menuItem *items;
+	uintmax_t len;
+	uintmax_t cap;
+	WORD curID;
+};
+
+struct menuItem {
+	uiMenuItem mi;
+	WCHAR *name;
+	int type;
+	WORD id;
+	void (*onClicked)(uiMenuItem *, uiWindow *, void *);
+	void *onClickedData;
+	BOOL disabled;				// template for new instances; kept in sync with everything else
+	BOOL checked;
+	HWND *hwnds;
+	HMENU *hmenus;
+	uintmax_t len;
+	uintmax_t cap;
+};
+
+enum {
+	typeRegular,
+	typeCheckbox,
+	typeQuit,
+	typePreferences,
+	typeAbout,
+	typeSeparator,
+};
+
+#define grow 32
+
+static void sync(struct menuItem *item)
+{
+	uintmax_t i;
+	MENUITEMINFOW mi;
+
+	// TODO do we need to get the current state and amend it?
+	ZeroMemory(&mi, sizeof (MENUITEMINFOW));
+	mi.cbSize = sizeof (MENUITEMINFOW);
+	mi.fMask = MIIM_STATE;
+	if (item->disabled)
+		mi.fState |= MFS_DISABLED;
+	if (item->checked)
+		mi.fState |= MFS_CHECKED;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < item->len; i++)
+		if (SetMenuItemInfo(item->hmenus[i], item->id, FALSE, &mi) == 0)
+			logLastError("error synchronizing menu items in windows/menu.c sync()");
+}
+
+static void defaultOnClicked(uiMenuItem *item, uiWindow *w, void *data)
+{
+	// do nothing
+}
+
+static void menuItemEnable(uiMenuItem *ii)
+{
+	struct menuItem *item = (struct menuItem *) ii;
+
+	item->disabled = FALSE;
+	sync(item);
+}
+
+static void menuItemDisable(uiMenuItem *ii)
+{
+	struct menuItem *item = (struct menuItem *) ii;
+
+	item->disabled = TRUE;
+	sync(item);
+}
+
+static void menuItemOnClicked(uiMenuItem *ii, void (*f)(uiMenuItem *, uiWindow *, void *), void *data)
+{
+	struct menuItem *item = (struct menuItem *) ii;
+
+	item->onClicked = f;
+	item->onClickedData = data;
+}
+
+static int menuItemChecked(uiMenuItem *ii)
+{
+	struct menuItem *item = (struct menuItem *) ii;
+
+	return item->checked != FALSE;
+}
+
+static void menuItemSetChecked(uiMenuItem *ii, int checked)
+{
+	struct menuItem *item = (struct menuItem *) ii;
+
+	// use explicit values
+	item->checked = FALSE;
+	if (checked)
+		item->checked = TRUE;
+	sync(item);
+}
+
+static uiMenuItem *newItem(struct menu *m, int type, const char *name)
+{
+	struct menuItem *item;
+
+	if (menusFinalized)
+		complain("attempt to create a new menu item after menus have been finalized");
+
+	if (m->len >= m->cap) {
+		m->cap += grow;
+		m->items = (struct menuItem *) uiRealloc(m->items, m->cap * sizeof (struct menuItem), "struct menuItem[]");
+	}
+	item = &(m->items[m->len]);
+	m->len++;
+
+	item->type = type;
+	switch (item->type) {
+	case typeQuit:
+		item->name = toUTF16("Quit");
+		break;
+	case typePreferences:
+		item->name = toUTF16("Preferences...");
+		break;
+	case typeAbout:
+		item->name = toUTF16("About");
+		break;
+	case typeSeparator:
+		break;
+	default:
+		item->name = toUTF16(name);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (item->type != typeSeparator) {
+		item->id = m->curID;
+		m->curID++;
+	}
+	// TODO this shouldn't be necessary, but uiRealloc() doesn't yet zero out new bytes
+	else
+		item->id = 0;
+
+	item->onClicked = defaultOnClicked;
+
+	// TODO this shouldn't be necessary, but uiRealloc() doesn't yet zero out new bytes
+	item->disabled = FALSE;
+	item->checked = FALSE;
+	item->hwnds = NULL;
+	item->hmenus = NULL;
+	item->len = 0;
+	item->cap = 0;
+
+	uiMenuItem(item)->Enable = menuItemEnable;
+	uiMenuItem(item)->Disable = menuItemDisable;
+	uiMenuItem(item)->OnClicked = menuItemOnClicked;
+	uiMenuItem(item)->Checked = menuItemChecked;
+	uiMenuItem(item)->SetChecked = menuItemSetChecked;
+
+	return uiMenuItem(item);
+}
+
+uiMenuItem *menuAppendItem(uiMenu *mm, const char *name)
+{
+	return newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeRegular, name);
+}
+
+uiMenuItem *menuAppendCheckItem(uiMenu *mm, const char *name)
+{
+	return newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeCheckbox, name);
+}
+
+uiMenuItem *menuAppendQuitItem(uiMenu *mm)
+{
+	// TODO check multiple quit items
+	// TODO conditionally add separator
+	newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeSeparator, NULL);
+	return newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeQuit, NULL);
+}
+
+uiMenuItem *menuAppendPreferencesItem(uiMenu *mm)
+{
+	// TODO check multiple preferences items
+	// TODO conditionally add separator
+	newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeSeparator, NULL);
+	return newItem((struct menu *) mm, typePreferences, NULL);
+}
+
+uiMenuItem *menuAppendAboutItem(uiMenu *mm)
+{
+	// TODO check multiple about items
+	// TODO conditionally add separator
+	newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeSeparator, NULL);
+	return newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeAbout, NULL);
+}
+
+void menuAppendSeparator(uiMenu *mm)
+{
+	// TODO check multiple about items
+	newItem((struct menu *) mm, typeSeparator, NULL);
+}
+
 uiMenu *uiNewMenu(const char *name)
 {
-	// TODO
-	return NULL;
+	struct menu *m;
+
+	if (menusFinalized)
+		complain("attempt to create a new menu after menus have been finalized");
+	if (len >= cap) {
+		cap += grow;
+		menus = (struct menu *) uiRealloc(menus, cap * sizeof (struct menu), "struct menu[]");
+	}
+	m = &menus[len];
+	len++;
+
+	m->name = toUTF16(name);
+
+	// TODO this shouldn't be necessary, but uiRealloc() doesn't yet zero out new bytes
+	m->items = NULL;
+	m->len = 0;
+	m->cap = 0;
+
+	// start somewhere safe
+	m->curID = 100;
+
+	uiMenu(m)->AppendItem = menuAppendItem;
+	uiMenu(m)->AppendCheckItem = menuAppendCheckItem;
+	uiMenu(m)->AppendQuitItem = menuAppendQuitItem;
+	uiMenu(m)->AppendPreferencesItem = menuAppendPreferencesItem;
+	uiMenu(m)->AppendAboutItem = menuAppendAboutItem;
+	uiMenu(m)->AppendSeparator = menuAppendSeparator;
+
+	return uiMenu(m);
 }