// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package core
import (
"crypto/ecdsa"
"math/big"
"testing"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/beacon"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip1559"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip4844"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
"github.com/holiman/uint256"
"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
)
func u64(val uint64) *uint64 { return &val }
// TestStateProcessorErrors tests the output from the 'core' errors
// as defined in core/error.go. These errors are generated when the
// blockchain imports bad blocks, meaning blocks which have valid headers but
// contain invalid transactions
func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {
var (
config = ¶ms.ChainConfig{
ChainID: big.NewInt(1),
HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0),
EIP150Block: big.NewInt(0),
EIP155Block: big.NewInt(0),
EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0),
ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0),
ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),
PetersburgBlock: big.NewInt(0),
IstanbulBlock: big.NewInt(0),
MuirGlacierBlock: big.NewInt(0),
BerlinBlock: big.NewInt(0),
LondonBlock: big.NewInt(0),
Ethash: new(params.EthashConfig),
TerminalTotalDifficulty: big.NewInt(0),
TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed: true,
ShanghaiTime: new(uint64),
CancunTime: new(uint64),
}
signer = types.LatestSigner(config)
key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202002020202020")
)
var makeTx = func(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, nonce uint64, to common.Address, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction {
tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data), signer, key)
return tx
}
var mkDynamicTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap *big.Int) *types.Transaction {
tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
Nonce: nonce,
GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
Gas: gasLimit,
To: &to,
Value: big.NewInt(0),
}), signer, key1)
return tx
}
var mkDynamicCreationTx = func(nonce uint64, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction {
tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
Nonce: nonce,
GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
Gas: gasLimit,
Value: big.NewInt(0),
Data: data,
}), signer, key1)
return tx
}
var mkBlobTx = func(nonce uint64, to common.Address, gasLimit uint64, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, blobGasFeeCap *big.Int, hashes []common.Hash) *types.Transaction {
tx, err := types.SignTx(types.NewTx(&types.BlobTx{
Nonce: nonce,
GasTipCap: uint256.MustFromBig(gasTipCap),
GasFeeCap: uint256.MustFromBig(gasFeeCap),
Gas: gasLimit,
To: to,
BlobHashes: hashes,
BlobFeeCap: uint256.MustFromBig(blobGasFeeCap),
Value: new(uint256.Int),
}), signer, key1)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
return tx
}
{ // Tests against a 'recent' chain definition
var (
db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
gspec = &Genesis{
Config: config,
Alloc: GenesisAlloc{
common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{
Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
Nonce: 0,
},
common.HexToAddress("0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64"): GenesisAccount{
Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
Nonce: math.MaxUint64,
},
},
}
blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
tooBigInitCode = [params.MaxInitCodeSize + 1]byte{}
)
defer blockchain.Stop()
bigNumber := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.MaxHash.Bytes())
tooBigNumber := new(big.Int).Set(bigNumber)
tooBigNumber.Add(tooBigNumber, common.Big1)
for i, tt := range []struct {
txs []*types.Transaction
want string
}{
{ // ErrNonceTooLow
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 1 [0x0026256b3939ed97e2c4a6f3fce8ecf83bdcfa6d507c47838c308a1fb0436f62]: nonce too low: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 0 state: 1",
},
{ // ErrNonceTooHigh
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 100, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xdebad714ca7f363bd0d8121c4518ad48fa469ca81b0a081be3d10c17460f751b]: nonce too high: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, tx: 100 state: 0",
},
{ // ErrNonceMax
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key2, math.MaxUint64, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x84ea18d60eb2bb3b040e3add0eb72f757727122cc257dd858c67cb6591a85986]: nonce has max value: address 0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64, nonce: 18446744073709551615",
},
{ // ErrGasLimitReached
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), 21000000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached",
},
{ // ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x98c796b470f7fcab40aaef5c965a602b0238e1034cce6fb73823042dd0638d74]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1000018375000000000",
},
{ // ErrInsufficientFunds
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas, big.NewInt(900000000000000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x4a69690c4b0cd85e64d0d9ea06302455b01e10a83db964d60281739752003440]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 18900000000000000000000",
},
// ErrGasUintOverflow
// One missing 'core' error is ErrGasUintOverflow: "gas uint64 overflow",
// In order to trigger that one, we'd have to allocate a _huge_ chunk of data, such that the
// multiplication len(data) +gas_per_byte overflows uint64. Not testable at the moment
{ // ErrIntrinsicGas
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xcf3b049a0b516cb4f9274b3e2a264359e2ba53b2fb64b7bda2c634d5c9d01fca]: intrinsic gas too low: have 20000, want 21000",
},
{ // ErrGasLimitReached
txs: []*types.Transaction{
makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), params.TxGas*1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xbd49d8dadfd47fb846986695f7d4da3f7b2c48c8da82dbc211a26eb124883de9]: gas limit reached",
},
{ // ErrFeeCapTooLow
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xc4ab868fef0c82ae0387b742aee87907f2d0fc528fc6ea0a021459fb0fc4a4a8]: max fee per gas less than block base fee: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas: 0, baseFee: 875000000",
},
{ // ErrTipVeryHigh
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, tooBigNumber, big.NewInt(1)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x15b8391b9981f266b32f3ab7da564bbeb3d6c21628364ea9b32a21139f89f712]: max priority fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas bit length: 257",
},
{ // ErrFeeCapVeryHigh
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), tooBigNumber),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x48bc299b83fdb345c57478f239e89814bb3063eb4e4b49f3b6057a69255c16bd]: max fee per gas higher than 2^256-1: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas bit length: 257",
},
{ // ErrTipAboveFeeCap
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(1)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xf987a31ff0c71895780a7612f965a0c8b056deb54e020bb44fa478092f14c9b4]: max priority fee per gas higher than max fee per gas: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxPriorityFeePerGas: 2, maxFeePerGas: 1",
},
{ // ErrInsufficientFunds
// Available balance: 1000000000000000000
// Effective cost: 18375000021000
// FeeCap * gas: 1050000000000000000
// This test is designed to have the effective cost be covered by the balance, but
// the extended requirement on FeeCap*gas < balance to fail
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(50000000000000)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x413603cd096a87f41b1660d3ed3e27d62e1da78eac138961c0a1314ed43bd129]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 1050000000000000000",
},
{ // Another ErrInsufficientFunds, this one to ensure that feecap/tip of max u256 is allowed
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, bigNumber, bigNumber),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd82a0c2519acfeac9a948258c47e784acd20651d9d80f9a1c67b4137651c3a24]: insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7 have 1000000000000000000 want 2431633873983640103894990685182446064918669677978451844828609264166175722438635000",
},
{ // ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 500000, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd491405f06c92d118dd3208376fcee18a57c54bc52063ee4a26b1cf296857c25]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
},
{ // ErrIntrinsicGas: Not enough gas to cover init code
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 54299, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), make([]byte, 320)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xfd49536a9b323769d8472fcb3ebb3689b707a349379baee3e2ee3fe7baae06a1]: intrinsic gas too low: have 54299, want 54300",
},
{ // ErrBlobFeeCapTooLow
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkBlobTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas, big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), []common.Hash{(common.Hash{1})}),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x6c11015985ce82db691d7b2d017acda296db88b811c3c60dc71449c76256c716]: max fee per gas less than block base fee: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, maxFeePerGas: 1, baseFee: 875000000",
},
} {
block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("block imported without errors")
}
if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {
t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)
}
}
}
// ErrTxTypeNotSupported, For this, we need an older chain
{
var (
db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
gspec = &Genesis{
Config: ¶ms.ChainConfig{
ChainID: big.NewInt(1),
HomesteadBlock: big.NewInt(0),
EIP150Block: big.NewInt(0),
EIP155Block: big.NewInt(0),
EIP158Block: big.NewInt(0),
ByzantiumBlock: big.NewInt(0),
ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),
PetersburgBlock: big.NewInt(0),
IstanbulBlock: big.NewInt(0),
MuirGlacierBlock: big.NewInt(0),
},
Alloc: GenesisAlloc{
common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{
Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
Nonce: 0,
},
},
}
blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
)
defer blockchain.Stop()
for i, tt := range []struct {
txs []*types.Transaction
want string
}{
{ // ErrTxTypeNotSupported
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: transaction type not supported",
},
} {
block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("block imported without errors")
}
if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {
t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)
}
}
}
// ErrSenderNoEOA, for this we need the sender to have contract code
{
var (
db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
gspec = &Genesis{
Config: config,
Alloc: GenesisAlloc{
common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{
Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
Nonce: 0,
Code: common.FromHex("0xB0B0FACE"),
},
},
}
blockchain, _ = NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
)
defer blockchain.Stop()
for i, tt := range []struct {
txs []*types.Transaction
want string
}{
{ // ErrSenderNoEOA
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicTx(0, common.Address{}, params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(0)),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x88626ac0d53cb65308f2416103c62bb1f18b805573d4f96a3640bbbfff13c14f]: sender not an eoa: address 0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7, codehash: 0x9280914443471259d4570a8661015ae4a5b80186dbc619658fb494bebc3da3d1",
},
} {
block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), tt.txs, gspec.Config)
_, err := blockchain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("block imported without errors")
}
if have, want := err.Error(), tt.want; have != want {
t.Errorf("test %d:\nhave \"%v\"\nwant \"%v\"\n", i, have, want)
}
}
}
}
// GenerateBadBlock constructs a "block" which contains the transactions. The transactions are not expected to be
// valid, and no proper post-state can be made. But from the perspective of the blockchain, the block is sufficiently
// valid to be considered for import:
// - valid pow (fake), ancestry, difficulty, gaslimit etc
func GenerateBadBlock(parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, txs types.Transactions, config *params.ChainConfig) *types.Block {
difficulty := big.NewInt(0)
if !config.TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed {
fakeChainReader := newChainMaker(nil, config, engine)
difficulty = engine.CalcDifficulty(fakeChainReader, parent.Time()+10, &types.Header{
Number: parent.Number(),
Time: parent.Time(),
Difficulty: parent.Difficulty(),
UncleHash: parent.UncleHash(),
})
}
header := &types.Header{
ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
Coinbase: parent.Coinbase(),
Difficulty: difficulty,
GasLimit: parent.GasLimit(),
Number: new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1),
Time: parent.Time() + 10,
UncleHash: types.EmptyUncleHash,
}
if config.IsLondon(header.Number) {
header.BaseFee = eip1559.CalcBaseFee(config, parent.Header())
}
if config.IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {
header.WithdrawalsHash = &types.EmptyWithdrawalsHash
}
var receipts []*types.Receipt
// The post-state result doesn't need to be correct (this is a bad block), but we do need something there
// Preferably something unique. So let's use a combo of blocknum + txhash
hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
hasher.Write(header.Number.Bytes())
var cumulativeGas uint64
var nBlobs int
for _, tx := range txs {
txh := tx.Hash()
hasher.Write(txh[:])
receipt := types.NewReceipt(nil, false, cumulativeGas+tx.Gas())
receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()
receipt.GasUsed = tx.Gas()
receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
cumulativeGas += tx.Gas()
nBlobs += len(tx.BlobHashes())
}
header.Root = common.BytesToHash(hasher.Sum(nil))
if config.IsCancun(header.Number, header.Time) {
var pExcess, pUsed = uint64(0), uint64(0)
if parent.ExcessBlobGas() != nil {
pExcess = *parent.ExcessBlobGas()
pUsed = *parent.BlobGasUsed()
}
excess := eip4844.CalcExcessBlobGas(pExcess, pUsed)
used := uint64(nBlobs * params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob)
header.ExcessBlobGas = &excess
header.BlobGasUsed = &used
beaconRoot := common.HexToHash("0xbeac00")
header.ParentBeaconRoot = &beaconRoot
}
// Assemble and return the final block for sealing
if config.IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {
return types.NewBlockWithWithdrawals(header, txs, nil, receipts, []*types.Withdrawal{}, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
}
return types.NewBlock(header, txs, nil, receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
}