The total difficulty is the sum of all block difficulties from genesis
to a certain block. This value was used in PoW for deciding which chain
is heavier, and thus which chain to select. Since PoS has a different
fork selection algorithm, all blocks since the merge have a difficulty
of 0, and all total difficulties are the same for the past 2 years.
Whilst the TDs are mostly useless nowadays, there was never really a
reason to mess around removing them since they are so tiny. This
reasoning changes when we go down the path of pruned chain history. In
order to reconstruct any TD, we **must** retrieve all the headers from
chain head to genesis and then iterate all the difficulties to compute
the TD.
In a world where we completely prune past chain segments (bodies,
receipts, headers), it is not possible to reconstruct the TD at all. In
a world where we still keep chain headers and prune only the rest,
reconstructing it possible as long as we process (or download) the chain
forward from genesis, but trying to snap sync the head first and
backfill later hits the same issue, the TD becomes impossible to
calculate until genesis is backfilled.
All in all, the TD is a messy out-of-state, out-of-consensus computed
field that is overall useless nowadays, but code relying on it forces
the client into certain modes of operation and prevents other modes or
other optimizations. This PR completely nukes out the TD from the node.
It doesn't compute it, it doesn't operate on it, it's as if it didn't
even exist.
Caveats:
- Whenever we have APIs that return TD (devp2p handshake, tracer, etc.)
we return a TD of 0.
- For era files, we recompute the TD during export time (fairly quick)
to retain the format content.
- It is not possible to "verify" the merge point (i.e. with TD gone, TTD
is useless). Since we're not verifying PoW any more, just blindly trust
it, not verifying but blindly trusting the many year old merge point
seems just the same trust model.
- Our tests still need to be able to generate pre and post merge blocks,
so they need a new way to split the merge without TTD. The PR introduces
a settable ttdBlock field on the consensus object which is used by tests
as the block where originally the TTD happened. This is not needed for
live nodes, we never want to generate old blocks.
- One merge transition consensus test was disabled. With a
non-operational TD, testing how the client reacts to TTD is useless, it
cannot react.
Questions:
- Should we also drop total terminal difficulty from the genesis json?
It's a number we cannot react on any more, so maybe it would be cleaner
to get rid of even more concepts.
---------
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
This PR moves the logging/tracing-facilities out of `*state.StateDB`,
in to a wrapping struct which implements `vm.StateDB` instead.
In most places, it is a pretty straight-forward change:
- First, hoisting the invocations from state objects up to the statedb.
- Then making the mutation-methods simply return the previous value, so
that the external logging layer could log everything.
Some internal code uses the direct object-accessors to mutate the state,
particularly in testing and in setting up state overrides, which means
that these changes are unobservable for the hooked layer. Thus, configuring
the overrides are not necessarily part of the API we want to publish.
The trickiest part about the layering is that when the selfdestructs are
finally deleted during `Finalise`, there's the possibility that someone
sent some ether to it, which is burnt at that point, and thus needs to
be logged. The hooked layer reaches into the inner layer to figure out
these events.
In package `vm`, the conversion from `state.StateDB + hooks` into a
hooked `vm.StateDB` is performed where needed.
---------
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
* miner: untangle miner
* miner: use common.hash instead of *types.header
* cmd/geth: deprecate --mine
* eth: get rid of most miner api
* console: get rid of coinbase in welcome message
* miner/stress: get rid of the miner stress test
* eth: get rid of miner.setEtherbase
* ethstats: remove miner and hashrate flags
* ethstats: remove miner and hashrate flags
* cmd: rename pendingBlockProducer to miner.pending.feeRecipient flag
* miner: use pendingFeeRecipient instead of etherbase
* miner: add mutex to protect the pending block
* miner: add mutex to protect the pending block
* eth: get rid of etherbase mentions
* miner: no need to lock the coinbase
* eth, miner: fix linter
---------
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
Makes clear the distinction between Finalize and FinalizedAndAssemble:
- In Finalize function, a series of state operations are applied according to consensus rules. The statedb is mutated and the root hash can be checked and compared afterwards.
This function should be used in block processing(receive afrom network and apply it locally) but not block generation.
- In FinalizeAndAssemble function, after applying state mutations, the block is also to be assembled with the latest
state root computed, updating the header.
This function should be used in block generation only.
This change implements withdrawals as specified in EIP-4895.
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: marioevz <marioevz@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
* all: work for eth1/2 transtition
* consensus/beacon, eth: change beacon difficulty to 0
* eth: updates
* all: add terminalBlockDifficulty config, fix rebasing issues
* eth: implemented merge interop spec
* internal/ethapi: update to v1.0.0.alpha.2
This commit updates the code to the new spec, moving payloadId into
it's own object. It also fixes an issue with finalizing an empty blockhash.
It also properly sets the basefee
* all: sync polishes, other fixes + refactors
* core, eth: correct semantics for LeavePoW, EnterPoS
* core: fixed rebasing artifacts
* core: light: performance improvements
* core: use keyed field (f)
* core: eth: fix compilation issues + tests
* eth/catalyst: dbetter error codes
* all: move Merger to consensus/, remove reliance on it in bc
* all: renamed EnterPoS and LeavePoW to ReachTDD and FinalizePoS
* core: make mergelogs a function
* core: use InsertChain instead of InsertBlock
* les: drop merger from lightchain object
* consensus: add merger
* core: recoverAncestors in catalyst mode
* core: fix nitpick
* all: removed merger from beacon, use TTD, nitpicks
* consensus: eth: add docstring, removed unnecessary code duplication
* consensus/beacon: better comment
* all: easy to fix nitpicks by karalabe
* consensus/beacon: verify known headers to be sure
* core: comments
* core: eth: don't drop peers who advertise blocks, nitpicks
* core: never add beacon blocks to the future queue
* core: fixed nitpicks
* consensus/beacon: simplify IsTTDReached check
* consensus/beacon: correct IsTTDReached check
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
* miner: commit state which is relative with sealing result
* consensus, core, miner, mobile: introduce sealHash interface
* miner: evict pending task with threshold
* miner: go fmt
* consensus/ethash: start remote ggoroutine to handle remote mining
* consensus/ethash: expose remote miner api
* consensus/ethash: expose submitHashrate api
* miner, ethash: push empty block to sealer without waiting execution
* consensus, internal: add getHashrate API for ethash
* consensus: add three method for consensus interface
* miner: expose consensus engine running status to miner
* eth, miner: specify etherbase when miner created
* miner: commit new work when consensus engine is started
* consensus, miner: fix some logics
* all: delete useless interfaces
* consensus: polish a bit
This commit adds pluggable consensus engines to go-ethereum. In short, it
introduces a generic consensus interface, and refactors the entire codebase to
use this interface.
Péter Szilágyi
Martin HS
Marius van der Wijden
rjl493456442
Guillaume Ballet
ult-bobonovski
thomasmodeneis
S. Matthew English