core: add upper bound on the queued transctions

core/tx_list.go

@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ func (h *nonceHeap) Pop() interface{} {
 type txList struct {
 	strict bool                          // Whether nonces are strictly continuous or not
 	items  map[uint64]*types.Transaction // Hash map storing the transaction data
-	cache  types.Transactions            // cache of the transactions already sorted
+	cache  types.Transactions            // Cache of the transactions already sorted
 
 	first uint64     // Nonce of the lowest stored transaction (strict mode)
 	last  uint64     // Nonce of the highest stored transaction (strict mode)
-	index *nonceHeap // Heap of nonces of all teh stored transactions (non-strict mode)
+	index *nonceHeap // Heap of nonces of all the stored transactions (non-strict mode)
 
 	costcap *big.Int // Price of the highest costing transaction (reset only if exceeds balance)
 }
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ func newTxList(strict bool) *txList {
 	}
 }
 
-// Add tries to inserts a new transaction into the list, returning whether the
+// Add tries to insert a new transaction into the list, returning whether the
-// transaction was acceped, and if yes, any previous transaction it replaced.
+// transaction was accepted, and if yes, any previous transaction it replaced.
 //
 // In case of strict lists (contiguous nonces) the nonce boundaries are updated
 // appropriately with the new transaction. Otherwise (gapped nonces) the heap of
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ func (l *txList) Forward(threshold uint64) types.Transactions {
 //
 // This method uses the cached costcap to quickly decide if there's even a point
 // in calculating all the costs or if the balance covers all. If the threshold is
-// loewr than the costcap, the costcap will be reset to a new high after removing
+// lower than the costcap, the costcap will be reset to a new high after removing
 // expensive the too transactions.
 func (l *txList) Filter(threshold *big.Int) (types.Transactions, types.Transactions) {
-	// If all transactions are blow the threshold, short circuit
+	// If all transactions are below the threshold, short circuit
 	if l.costcap.Cmp(threshold) <= 0 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (l *txList) Filter(threshold *big.Int) (types.Transactions, types.Transacti
 }
 
 // Cap places a hard limit on the number of items, returning all transactions
-// exceeding tht limit.
+// exceeding that limit.
 func (l *txList) Cap(threshold int) types.Transactions {
 	// Short circuit if the number of items is under the limit
 	if len(l.items) < threshold {
@@ -239,8 +239,9 @@ func (l *txList) Remove(tx *types.Transaction) (bool, types.Transactions) {
 		l.cache = nil
 
 		// Remove all invalidated transactions (strict mode only!)
-		invalids := make(types.Transactions, 0, l.last-nonce)
+		var invalids types.Transactions
 		if l.strict {
+			invalids = make(types.Transactions, 0, l.last-nonce)
 			for i := nonce + 1; i <= l.last; i++ {
 				invalids = append(invalids, l.items[i])
 				delete(l.items, i)
@@ -255,7 +256,6 @@ func (l *txList) Remove(tx *types.Transaction) (bool, types.Transactions) {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		// Figure out the new highest nonce
 		return true, invalids
 	}
 	return false, nil
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func (l *txList) Remove(tx *types.Transaction) (bool, types.Transactions) {
 // provided nonce that is ready for processing. The returned transactions will be
 // removed from the list.
 //
-// Note, all transactions with nonces lower that start will also be returned to
+// Note, all transactions with nonces lower than start will also be returned to
 // prevent getting into and invalid state. This is not something that should ever
 // happen but better to be self correcting than failing!
 func (l *txList) Ready(start uint64) types.Transactions {

core/tx_pool.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"sort"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -44,8 +45,11 @@ var (
 	ErrNegativeValue      = errors.New("Negative value")
 )
 
-const (
+var (
-	maxQueued = 64 // max limit of queued txs per address
+	maxQueuedPerAccount = uint64(64)    // Max limit of queued transactions per address
+	maxQueuedInTotal    = uint64(65536) // Max limit of queued transactions from all accounts
+	maxQueuedLifetime   = 3 * time.Hour // Max amount of time transactions from idle accounts are queued
+	evictionInterval    = time.Minute   // Time interval to check for evictable transactions
 )
 
 type stateFn func() (*state.StateDB, error)
@@ -71,8 +75,10 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	pending map[common.Address]*txList         // All currently processable transactions
 	queue   map[common.Address]*txList         // Queued but non-processable transactions
 	all     map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction // All transactions to allow lookups
+	beats   map[common.Address]time.Time       // Last heartbeat from each known account
 
 	wg   sync.WaitGroup // for shutdown sync
+	quit chan struct{}
 
 	homestead bool
 }
@@ -83,6 +89,7 @@ func NewTxPool(config *ChainConfig, eventMux *event.TypeMux, currentStateFn stat
 		pending:      make(map[common.Address]*txList),
 		queue:        make(map[common.Address]*txList),
 		all:          make(map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction),
+		beats:        make(map[common.Address]time.Time),
 		eventMux:     eventMux,
 		currentState: currentStateFn,
 		gasLimit:     gasLimitFn,
@@ -90,10 +97,12 @@ func NewTxPool(config *ChainConfig, eventMux *event.TypeMux, currentStateFn stat
 		pendingState: nil,
 		localTx:      newTxSet(),
 		events:       eventMux.Subscribe(ChainHeadEvent{}, GasPriceChanged{}, RemovedTransactionEvent{}),
+		quit:         make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 
-	pool.wg.Add(1)
+	pool.wg.Add(2)
 	go pool.eventLoop()
+	go pool.expirationLoop()
 
 	return pool
 }
@@ -154,6 +163,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) resetState() {
 
 func (pool *TxPool) Stop() {
 	pool.events.Unsubscribe()
+	close(pool.quit)
 	pool.wg.Wait()
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Transaction pool stopped")
 }
@@ -290,7 +300,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 	if pool.all[hash] != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Known transaction: %x", hash[:4])
 	}
-	// Otherwise ensure basic validation passes nd queue it up
+	// Otherwise ensure basic validation passes and queue it up
 	if err := pool.validateTx(tx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -308,7 +318,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// enqueueTx inserts a new transction into the non-executable transaction queue.
+// enqueueTx inserts a new transaction into the non-executable transaction queue.
 //
 // Note, this method assumes the pool lock is held!
 func (pool *TxPool) enqueueTx(hash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction) {
@@ -355,6 +365,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *types.T
 	pool.all[hash] = tx // Failsafe to work around direct pending inserts (tests)
 
 	// Set the potentially new pending nonce and notify any subsystems of the new tx
+	pool.beats[addr] = time.Now()
 	pool.pendingState.SetNonce(addr, list.last+1)
 	go pool.eventMux.Post(TxPreEvent{tx})
 }
@@ -412,8 +423,8 @@ func (pool *TxPool) RemoveBatch(txs types.Transactions) {
 	}
 }
 
-// removeTx iterates removes a single transaction from the queue, moving all
+// removeTx removes a single transaction from the queue, moving all subsequent
-// subsequent transactions back to the future queue.
+// transactions back to the future queue.
 func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash) {
 	// Fetch the transaction we wish to delete
 	tx, ok := pool.all[hash]
@@ -431,6 +442,8 @@ func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash) {
 			// If no more transactions are left, remove the list and reset the nonce
 			if pending.Empty() {
 				delete(pool.pending, addr)
+				delete(pool.beats, addr)
+
 				pool.pendingState.SetNonce(addr, tx.Nonce())
 			} else {
 				// Otherwise update the nonce and postpone any invalidated transactions
@@ -465,6 +478,8 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables() {
 		return
 	}
 	// Iterate over all accounts and promote any executable transactions
+	queued := uint64(0)
+
 	for addr, list := range pool.queue {
 		// Drop all transactions that are deemed too old (low nonce)
 		for _, tx := range list.Forward(state.GetNonce(addr)) {
@@ -489,17 +504,51 @@ func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables() {
 			pool.promoteTx(addr, tx.Hash(), tx)
 		}
 		// Drop all transactions over the allowed limit
-		for _, tx := range list.Cap(maxQueued) {
+		for _, tx := range list.Cap(int(maxQueuedPerAccount)) {
 			if glog.V(logger.Core) {
 				glog.Infof("Removed cap-exceeding queued transaction: %v", tx)
 			}
 			delete(pool.all, tx.Hash())
 		}
+		queued += uint64(list.Len())
+
 		// Delete the entire queue entry if it became empty.
 		if list.Empty() {
 			delete(pool.queue, addr)
 		}
 	}
+	// If we've queued more transactions than the hard limit, drop oldest ones
+	if queued > maxQueuedInTotal {
+		// Sort all accounts with queued transactions by heartbeat
+		addresses := make(addresssByHeartbeat, 0, len(pool.queue))
+		for addr, _ := range pool.queue {
+			addresses = append(addresses, addressByHeartbeat{addr, pool.beats[addr]})
+		}
+		sort.Sort(addresses)
+
+		// Drop transactions until the total is below the limit
+		for drop := queued - maxQueuedInTotal; drop > 0; {
+			addr := addresses[len(addresses)-1]
+			list := pool.queue[addr.address]
+
+			addresses = addresses[:len(addresses)-1]
+
+			// Drop all transactions if they are less than the overflow
+			if size := uint64(list.Len()); size <= drop {
+				for _, tx := range list.Flatten() {
+					pool.removeTx(tx.Hash())
+				}
+				drop -= size
+				continue
+			}
+			// Otherwise drop only last few transactions
+			txs := list.Flatten()
+			for i := len(txs) - 1; i >= 0 && drop > 0; i-- {
+				pool.removeTx(txs[i].Hash())
+				drop--
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // demoteUnexecutables removes invalid and processed transactions from the pools
@@ -540,10 +589,51 @@ func (pool *TxPool) demoteUnexecutables() {
 		// Delete the entire queue entry if it became empty.
 		if list.Empty() {
 			delete(pool.pending, addr)
+			delete(pool.beats, addr)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// expirationLoop is a loop that periodically iterates over all accounts with
+// queued transactions and drop all that have been inactive for a prolonged amount
+// of time.
+func (pool *TxPool) expirationLoop() {
+	defer pool.wg.Done()
+
+	evict := time.NewTicker(evictionInterval)
+	defer evict.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-evict.C:
+			pool.mu.Lock()
+			for addr := range pool.queue {
+				if time.Since(pool.beats[addr]) > maxQueuedLifetime {
+					for _, tx := range pool.queue[addr].Flatten() {
+						pool.removeTx(tx.Hash())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			pool.mu.Unlock()
+
+		case <-pool.quit:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// addressByHeartbeat is an account address tagged with its last activity timestamp.
+type addressByHeartbeat struct {
+	address   common.Address
+	heartbeat time.Time
+}
+
+type addresssByHeartbeat []addressByHeartbeat
+
+func (a addresssByHeartbeat) Len() int           { return len(a) }
+func (a addresssByHeartbeat) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].heartbeat.Before(a[j].heartbeat) }
+func (a addresssByHeartbeat) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+
 // txSet represents a set of transaction hashes in which entries
 //  are automatically dropped after txSetDuration time
 type txSet struct {

core/tx_pool_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ package core
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"math/big"
+	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
@@ -38,10 +40,10 @@ func setupTxPool() (*TxPool, *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
 	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
 
-	var m event.TypeMux
 	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
-	newPool := NewTxPool(testChainConfig(), &m, func() (*state.StateDB, error) { return statedb, nil }, func() *big.Int { return big.NewInt(1000000) })
+	newPool := NewTxPool(testChainConfig(), new(event.TypeMux), func() (*state.StateDB, error) { return statedb, nil }, func() *big.Int { return big.NewInt(1000000) })
 	newPool.resetState()
+
 	return newPool, key
 }
 
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ func TestTransactionPostponing(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Tests that if the transaction count belonging to a single account goes above
 // some threshold, the higher transactions are dropped to prevent DOS attacks.
-func TestTransactionQueueLimiting(t *testing.T) {
+func TestTransactionQueueAccountLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a test account and fund it
 	pool, key := setupTxPool()
 	account, _ := transaction(0, big.NewInt(0), key).From()
@@ -447,25 +449,103 @@ func TestTransactionQueueLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	state.AddBalance(account, big.NewInt(1000000))
 
 	// Keep queuing up transactions and make sure all above a limit are dropped
-	for i := uint64(1); i <= maxQueued+5; i++ {
+	for i := uint64(1); i <= maxQueuedPerAccount+5; i++ {
 		if err := pool.Add(transaction(i, big.NewInt(100000), key)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("tx %d: failed to add transaction: %v", i, err)
 		}
 		if len(pool.pending) != 0 {
 			t.Errorf("tx %d: pending pool size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, len(pool.pending), 0)
 		}
-		if i <= maxQueued {
+		if i <= maxQueuedPerAccount {
 			if pool.queue[account].Len() != int(i) {
 				t.Errorf("tx %d: queue size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, pool.queue[account].Len(), i)
 			}
 		} else {
-			if pool.queue[account].Len() != maxQueued {
+			if pool.queue[account].Len() != int(maxQueuedPerAccount) {
-				t.Errorf("tx %d: queue limit mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, pool.queue[account].Len(), maxQueued)
+				t.Errorf("tx %d: queue limit mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, pool.queue[account].Len(), maxQueuedPerAccount)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if len(pool.all) != maxQueued {
+	if len(pool.all) != int(maxQueuedPerAccount) {
-		t.Errorf("total transaction mismatch: have %d, want %d", len(pool.all), maxQueued)
+		t.Errorf("total transaction mismatch: have %d, want %d", len(pool.all), maxQueuedPerAccount)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that if the transaction count belonging to multiple accounts go above
+// some threshold, the higher transactions are dropped to prevent DOS attacks.
+func TestTransactionQueueGlobalLimiting(t *testing.T) {
+	// Reduce the queue limits to shorten test time
+	defer func(old uint64) { maxQueuedInTotal = old }(maxQueuedInTotal)
+	maxQueuedInTotal = maxQueuedPerAccount * 3
+
+	// Create the pool to test the limit enforcement with
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
+
+	pool := NewTxPool(testChainConfig(), new(event.TypeMux), func() (*state.StateDB, error) { return statedb, nil }, func() *big.Int { return big.NewInt(1000000) })
+	pool.resetState()
+
+	// Create a number of test accounts and fund them
+	state, _ := pool.currentState()
+
+	keys := make([]*ecdsa.PrivateKey, 5)
+	for i := 0; i < len(keys); i++ {
+		keys[i], _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
+		state.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(keys[i].PublicKey), big.NewInt(1000000))
+	}
+	// Generate and queue a batch of transactions
+	nonces := make(map[common.Address]uint64)
+
+	txs := make(types.Transactions, 0, 3*maxQueuedInTotal)
+	for len(txs) < cap(txs) {
+		key := keys[rand.Intn(len(keys))]
+		addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+
+		txs = append(txs, transaction(nonces[addr]+1, big.NewInt(100000), key))
+		nonces[addr]++
+	}
+	// Import the batch and verify that limits have been enforced
+	pool.AddBatch(txs)
+
+	queued := 0
+	for addr, list := range pool.queue {
+		if list.Len() > int(maxQueuedPerAccount) {
+			t.Errorf("addr %x: queued accounts overflown allowance: %d > %d", addr, list.Len(), maxQueuedPerAccount)
+		}
+		queued += list.Len()
+	}
+	if queued > int(maxQueuedInTotal) {
+		t.Fatalf("total transactions overflow allowance: %d > %d", queued, maxQueuedInTotal)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that if an account remains idle for a prolonged amount of time, any
+// non-executable transactions queued up are dropped to prevent wasting resources
+// on shuffling them around.
+func TestTransactionQueueTimeLimiting(t *testing.T) {
+	// Reduce the queue limits to shorten test time
+	defer func(old time.Duration) { maxQueuedLifetime = old }(maxQueuedLifetime)
+	defer func(old time.Duration) { evictionInterval = old }(evictionInterval)
+	maxQueuedLifetime = time.Second
+	evictionInterval = time.Second
+
+	// Create a test account and fund it
+	pool, key := setupTxPool()
+	account, _ := transaction(0, big.NewInt(0), key).From()
+
+	state, _ := pool.currentState()
+	state.AddBalance(account, big.NewInt(1000000))
+
+	// Queue up a batch of transactions
+	for i := uint64(1); i <= maxQueuedPerAccount; i++ {
+		if err := pool.Add(transaction(i, big.NewInt(100000), key)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("tx %d: failed to add transaction: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Wait until at least two expiration cycles hit and make sure the transactions are gone
+	time.Sleep(2 * evictionInterval)
+	if len(pool.queue) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("old transactions remained after eviction")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -481,7 +561,7 @@ func TestTransactionPendingLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	state.AddBalance(account, big.NewInt(1000000))
 
 	// Keep queuing up transactions and make sure all above a limit are dropped
-	for i := uint64(0); i < maxQueued+5; i++ {
+	for i := uint64(0); i < maxQueuedPerAccount+5; i++ {
 		if err := pool.Add(transaction(i, big.NewInt(100000), key)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("tx %d: failed to add transaction: %v", i, err)
 		}
@@ -492,8 +572,8 @@ func TestTransactionPendingLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("tx %d: queue size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, pool.queue[account].Len(), 0)
 		}
 	}
-	if len(pool.all) != maxQueued+5 {
+	if len(pool.all) != int(maxQueuedPerAccount+5) {
-		t.Errorf("total transaction mismatch: have %d, want %d", len(pool.all), maxQueued+5)
+		t.Errorf("total transaction mismatch: have %d, want %d", len(pool.all), maxQueuedPerAccount+5)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -509,7 +589,7 @@ func testTransactionLimitingEquivalency(t *testing.T, origin uint64) {
 	state1, _ := pool1.currentState()
 	state1.AddBalance(account1, big.NewInt(1000000))
 
-	for i := uint64(0); i < maxQueued+5; i++ {
+	for i := uint64(0); i < maxQueuedPerAccount+5; i++ {
 		if err := pool1.Add(transaction(origin+i, big.NewInt(100000), key1)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("tx %d: failed to add transaction: %v", i, err)
 		}
@@ -521,7 +601,7 @@ func testTransactionLimitingEquivalency(t *testing.T, origin uint64) {
 	state2.AddBalance(account2, big.NewInt(1000000))
 
 	txns := []*types.Transaction{}
-	for i := uint64(0); i < maxQueued+5; i++ {
+	for i := uint64(0); i < maxQueuedPerAccount+5; i++ {
 		txns = append(txns, transaction(origin+i, big.NewInt(100000), key2))
 	}
 	pool2.AddBatch(txns)