diff --git a/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go b/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
index 167afc3889..22dbda4a21 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/chain_freezer.go
@@ -43,10 +43,7 @@ const (
 // The background thread will keep moving ancient chain segments from key-value
 // database to flat files for saving space on live database.
 type chainFreezer struct {
-	// WARNING: The `threshold` field is accessed atomically. On 32 bit platforms, only
-	// 64-bit aligned fields can be atomic. The struct is guaranteed to be so aligned,
-	// so take advantage of that (https://golang.org/pkg/sync/atomic/#pkg-note-BUG).
-	threshold uint64 // Number of recent blocks not to freeze (params.FullImmutabilityThreshold apart from tests)
+	threshold atomic.Uint64 // Number of recent blocks not to freeze (params.FullImmutabilityThreshold apart from tests)
 
 	*Freezer
 	quit    chan struct{}
@@ -60,12 +57,13 @@ func newChainFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool) (*chainFre
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &chainFreezer{
-		Freezer:   freezer,
-		threshold: params.FullImmutabilityThreshold,
-		quit:      make(chan struct{}),
-		trigger:   make(chan chan struct{}),
-	}, nil
+	cf := chainFreezer{
+		Freezer: freezer,
+		quit:    make(chan struct{}),
+		trigger: make(chan chan struct{}),
+	}
+	cf.threshold.Store(params.FullImmutabilityThreshold)
+	return &cf, nil
 }
 
 // Close closes the chain freezer instance and terminates the background thread.
@@ -124,8 +122,8 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 			continue
 		}
 		number := ReadHeaderNumber(nfdb, hash)
-		threshold := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.threshold)
-		frozen := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen)
+		threshold := f.threshold.Load()
+		frozen := f.frozen.Load()
 		switch {
 		case number == nil:
 			log.Error("Current full block number unavailable", "hash", hash)
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ func (f *chainFreezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 
 		// Wipe out side chains also and track dangling side chains
 		var dangling []common.Hash
-		frozen = atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen) // Needs reload after during freezeRange
+		frozen = f.frozen.Load() // Needs reload after during freezeRange
 		for number := first; number < frozen; number++ {
 			// Always keep the genesis block in active database
 			if number != 0 {
diff --git a/core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go b/core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go
index 102943516e..56bb15b718 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/chain_iterator.go
@@ -132,11 +132,12 @@ func iterateTransactions(db ethdb.Database, from uint64, to uint64, reverse bool
 		}
 	}
 	// process runs in parallel
-	nThreadsAlive := int32(threads)
+	var nThreadsAlive atomic.Int32
+	nThreadsAlive.Store(int32(threads))
 	process := func() {
 		defer func() {
 			// Last processor closes the result channel
-			if atomic.AddInt32(&nThreadsAlive, -1) == 0 {
+			if nThreadsAlive.Add(-1) == 0 {
 				close(hashesCh)
 			}
 		}()
diff --git a/core/rawdb/database.go b/core/rawdb/database.go
index 6c545032f9..b8cc36a811 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -72,9 +71,9 @@ func (frdb *freezerdb) Freeze(threshold uint64) error {
 	}
 	// Set the freezer threshold to a temporary value
 	defer func(old uint64) {
-		atomic.StoreUint64(&frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold, old)
-	}(atomic.LoadUint64(&frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold))
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold, threshold)
+		frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Store(old)
+	}(frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Load())
+	frdb.AncientStore.(*chainFreezer).threshold.Store(threshold)
 
 	// Trigger a freeze cycle and block until it's done
 	trigger := make(chan struct{}, 1)
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer.go b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
index 60e2c56e0f..323dc1ddb3 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
@@ -62,11 +62,8 @@ const freezerTableSize = 2 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
 //     reserving it for go-ethereum. This would also reduce the memory requirements
 //     of Geth, and thus also GC overhead.
 type Freezer struct {
-	// WARNING: The `frozen` and `tail` fields are accessed atomically. On 32 bit platforms, only
-	// 64-bit aligned fields can be atomic. The struct is guaranteed to be so aligned,
-	// so take advantage of that (https://golang.org/pkg/sync/atomic/#pkg-note-BUG).
-	frozen uint64 // Number of blocks already frozen
-	tail   uint64 // Number of the first stored item in the freezer
+	frozen atomic.Uint64 // Number of blocks already frozen
+	tail   atomic.Uint64 // Number of the first stored item in the freezer
 
 	// This lock synchronizes writers and the truncate operation, as well as
 	// the "atomic" (batched) read operations.
@@ -212,12 +209,12 @@ func (f *Freezer) AncientRange(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]
 
 // Ancients returns the length of the frozen items.
 func (f *Freezer) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
-	return atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen), nil
+	return f.frozen.Load(), nil
 }
 
 // Tail returns the number of first stored item in the freezer.
 func (f *Freezer) Tail() (uint64, error) {
-	return atomic.LoadUint64(&f.tail), nil
+	return f.tail.Load(), nil
 }
 
 // AncientSize returns the ancient size of the specified category.
@@ -251,7 +248,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) ModifyAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (writeSize
 	defer f.writeLock.Unlock()
 
 	// Roll back all tables to the starting position in case of error.
-	prevItem := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen)
+	prevItem := f.frozen.Load()
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
 			// The write operation has failed. Go back to the previous item position.
@@ -272,7 +269,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) ModifyAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (writeSize
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.frozen, item)
+	f.frozen.Store(item)
 	return writeSize, nil
 }
 
@@ -284,7 +281,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) TruncateHead(items uint64) error {
 	f.writeLock.Lock()
 	defer f.writeLock.Unlock()
 
-	if atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen) <= items {
+	if f.frozen.Load() <= items {
 		return nil
 	}
 	for _, table := range f.tables {
@@ -292,7 +289,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) TruncateHead(items uint64) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.frozen, items)
+	f.frozen.Store(items)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -304,7 +301,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) TruncateTail(tail uint64) error {
 	f.writeLock.Lock()
 	defer f.writeLock.Unlock()
 
-	if atomic.LoadUint64(&f.tail) >= tail {
+	if f.tail.Load() >= tail {
 		return nil
 	}
 	for _, table := range f.tables {
@@ -312,7 +309,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) TruncateTail(tail uint64) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.tail, tail)
+	f.tail.Store(tail)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -343,22 +340,22 @@ func (f *Freezer) validate() error {
 	)
 	// Hack to get boundary of any table
 	for kind, table := range f.tables {
-		head = atomic.LoadUint64(&table.items)
-		tail = atomic.LoadUint64(&table.itemHidden)
+		head = table.items.Load()
+		tail = table.itemHidden.Load()
 		name = kind
 		break
 	}
 	// Now check every table against those boundaries.
 	for kind, table := range f.tables {
-		if head != atomic.LoadUint64(&table.items) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("freezer tables %s and %s have differing head: %d != %d", kind, name, atomic.LoadUint64(&table.items), head)
+		if head != table.items.Load() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("freezer tables %s and %s have differing head: %d != %d", kind, name, table.items.Load(), head)
 		}
-		if tail != atomic.LoadUint64(&table.itemHidden) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("freezer tables %s and %s have differing tail: %d != %d", kind, name, atomic.LoadUint64(&table.itemHidden), tail)
+		if tail != table.itemHidden.Load() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("freezer tables %s and %s have differing tail: %d != %d", kind, name, table.itemHidden.Load(), tail)
 		}
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.frozen, head)
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.tail, tail)
+	f.frozen.Store(head)
+	f.tail.Store(tail)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -369,11 +366,11 @@ func (f *Freezer) repair() error {
 		tail = uint64(0)
 	)
 	for _, table := range f.tables {
-		items := atomic.LoadUint64(&table.items)
+		items := table.items.Load()
 		if head > items {
 			head = items
 		}
-		hidden := atomic.LoadUint64(&table.itemHidden)
+		hidden := table.itemHidden.Load()
 		if hidden > tail {
 			tail = hidden
 		}
@@ -386,8 +383,8 @@ func (f *Freezer) repair() error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.frozen, head)
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&f.tail, tail)
+	f.frozen.Store(head)
+	f.tail.Store(tail)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -413,7 +410,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
 	// and that error will be returned.
 	forEach := func(t *freezerTable, offset uint64, fn func(uint64, []byte) error) error {
 		var (
-			items     = atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items)
+			items     = t.items.Load()
 			batchSize = uint64(1024)
 			maxBytes  = uint64(1024 * 1024)
 		)
@@ -436,7 +433,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
 	}
 	// TODO(s1na): This is a sanity-check since as of now no process does tail-deletion. But the migration
 	// process assumes no deletion at tail and needs to be modified to account for that.
-	if table.itemOffset > 0 || table.itemHidden > 0 {
+	if table.itemOffset.Load() > 0 || table.itemHidden.Load() > 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("migration not supported for tail-deleted freezers")
 	}
 	ancientsPath := filepath.Dir(table.index.Name())
@@ -452,7 +449,7 @@ func (f *Freezer) MigrateTable(kind string, convert convertLegacyFn) error {
 		out    []byte
 		start  = time.Now()
 		logged = time.Now()
-		offset = newTable.items
+		offset = newTable.items.Load()
 	)
 	if offset > 0 {
 		log.Info("found previous migration attempt", "migrated", offset)
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_batch.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_batch.go
index 54c98cee08..3cc7d84f4e 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_batch.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_batch.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package rawdb
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) newBatch() *freezerTableBatch {
 func (batch *freezerTableBatch) reset() {
 	batch.dataBuffer = batch.dataBuffer[:0]
 	batch.indexBuffer = batch.indexBuffer[:0]
-	batch.curItem = atomic.LoadUint64(&batch.t.items)
+	batch.curItem = batch.t.items.Load()
 	batch.totalBytes = 0
 }
 
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ func (batch *freezerTableBatch) commit() error {
 
 	// Update headBytes of table.
 	batch.t.headBytes += dataSize
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&batch.t.items, batch.curItem)
+	batch.t.items.Store(batch.curItem)
 
 	// Update metrics.
 	batch.t.sizeGauge.Inc(dataSize + indexSize)
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
index b111797d52..10dfb90ea7 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
@@ -88,18 +88,15 @@ func (i *indexEntry) bounds(end *indexEntry) (startOffset, endOffset, fileId uin
 // It consists of a data file (snappy encoded arbitrary data blobs) and an indexEntry
 // file (uncompressed 64 bit indices into the data file).
 type freezerTable struct {
-	// WARNING: The `items` field is accessed atomically. On 32 bit platforms, only
-	// 64-bit aligned fields can be atomic. The struct is guaranteed to be so aligned,
-	// so take advantage of that (https://golang.org/pkg/sync/atomic/#pkg-note-BUG).
-	items      uint64 // Number of items stored in the table (including items removed from tail)
-	itemOffset uint64 // Number of items removed from the table
+	items      atomic.Uint64 // Number of items stored in the table (including items removed from tail)
+	itemOffset atomic.Uint64 // Number of items removed from the table
 
 	// itemHidden is the number of items marked as deleted. Tail deletion is
 	// only supported at file level which means the actual deletion will be
 	// delayed until the entire data file is marked as deleted. Before that
 	// these items will be hidden to prevent being visited again. The value
 	// should never be lower than itemOffset.
-	itemHidden uint64
+	itemHidden atomic.Uint64
 
 	noCompression bool // if true, disables snappy compression. Note: does not work retroactively
 	readonly      bool
@@ -241,14 +238,14 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 	// which is not enough in theory but enough in practice.
 	// TODO: use uint64 to represent total removed items.
 	t.tailId = firstIndex.filenum
-	t.itemOffset = uint64(firstIndex.offset)
+	t.itemOffset.Store(uint64(firstIndex.offset))
 
 	// Load metadata from the file
-	meta, err := loadMetadata(t.meta, t.itemOffset)
+	meta, err := loadMetadata(t.meta, t.itemOffset.Load())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	t.itemHidden = meta.VirtualTail
+	t.itemHidden.Store(meta.VirtualTail)
 
 	// Read the last index, use the default value in case the freezer is empty
 	if offsetsSize == indexEntrySize {
@@ -331,7 +328,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 		}
 	}
 	// Update the item and byte counters and return
-	t.items = t.itemOffset + uint64(offsetsSize/indexEntrySize-1) // last indexEntry points to the end of the data file
+	t.items.Store(t.itemOffset.Load() + uint64(offsetsSize/indexEntrySize-1)) // last indexEntry points to the end of the data file
 	t.headBytes = contentSize
 	t.headId = lastIndex.filenum
 
@@ -346,9 +343,9 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if verbose {
-		t.logger.Info("Chain freezer table opened", "items", t.items, "size", t.headBytes)
+		t.logger.Info("Chain freezer table opened", "items", t.items.Load(), "size", t.headBytes)
 	} else {
-		t.logger.Debug("Chain freezer table opened", "items", t.items, "size", common.StorageSize(t.headBytes))
+		t.logger.Debug("Chain freezer table opened", "items", t.items.Load(), "size", common.StorageSize(t.headBytes))
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -382,11 +379,11 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateHead(items uint64) error {
 	defer t.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// Ensure the given truncate target falls in the correct range
-	existing := atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items)
+	existing := t.items.Load()
 	if existing <= items {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if items < atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemHidden) {
+	if items < t.itemHidden.Load() {
 		return errors.New("truncation below tail")
 	}
 	// We need to truncate, save the old size for metrics tracking
@@ -403,7 +400,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateHead(items uint64) error {
 
 	// Truncate the index file first, the tail position is also considered
 	// when calculating the new freezer table length.
-	length := items - atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemOffset)
+	length := items - t.itemOffset.Load()
 	if err := truncateFreezerFile(t.index, int64(length+1)*indexEntrySize); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -438,7 +435,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateHead(items uint64) error {
 	}
 	// All data files truncated, set internal counters and return
 	t.headBytes = int64(expected.offset)
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&t.items, items)
+	t.items.Store(items)
 
 	// Retrieve the new size and update the total size counter
 	newSize, err := t.sizeNolock()
@@ -455,10 +452,10 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateTail(items uint64) error {
 	defer t.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// Ensure the given truncate target falls in the correct range
-	if atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemHidden) >= items {
+	if t.itemHidden.Load() >= items {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items) < items {
+	if t.items.Load() < items {
 		return errors.New("truncation above head")
 	}
 	// Load the new tail index by the given new tail position
@@ -466,10 +463,10 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateTail(items uint64) error {
 		newTailId uint32
 		buffer    = make([]byte, indexEntrySize)
 	)
-	if atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items) == items {
+	if t.items.Load() == items {
 		newTailId = t.headId
 	} else {
-		offset := items - atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemOffset)
+		offset := items - t.itemOffset.Load()
 		if _, err := t.index.ReadAt(buffer, int64((offset+1)*indexEntrySize)); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -478,7 +475,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateTail(items uint64) error {
 		newTailId = newTail.filenum
 	}
 	// Update the virtual tail marker and hidden these entries in table.
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&t.itemHidden, items)
+	t.itemHidden.Store(items)
 	if err := writeMetadata(t.meta, newMetadata(items)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -501,7 +498,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateTail(items uint64) error {
 	// Count how many items can be deleted from the file.
 	var (
 		newDeleted = items
-		deleted    = atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemOffset)
+		deleted    = t.itemOffset.Load()
 	)
 	for current := items - 1; current >= deleted; current -= 1 {
 		if _, err := t.index.ReadAt(buffer, int64((current-deleted+1)*indexEntrySize)); err != nil {
@@ -541,7 +538,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) truncateTail(items uint64) error {
 	}
 	// Release any files before the current tail
 	t.tailId = newTailId
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&t.itemOffset, newDeleted)
+	t.itemOffset.Store(newDeleted)
 	t.releaseFilesBefore(t.tailId, true)
 
 	// Retrieve the new size and update the total size counter
@@ -654,7 +651,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) releaseFilesBefore(num uint32, remove bool) {
 // it will return error.
 func (t *freezerTable) getIndices(from, count uint64) ([]*indexEntry, error) {
 	// Apply the table-offset
-	from = from - t.itemOffset
+	from = from - t.itemOffset.Load()
 	// For reading N items, we need N+1 indices.
 	buffer := make([]byte, (count+1)*indexEntrySize)
 	if _, err := t.index.ReadAt(buffer, int64(from*indexEntrySize)); err != nil {
@@ -744,8 +741,8 @@ func (t *freezerTable) retrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([]byte, []i
 		return nil, nil, errClosed
 	}
 	var (
-		items  = atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items)      // the total items(head + 1)
-		hidden = atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemHidden) // the number of hidden items
+		items  = t.items.Load()      // the total items(head + 1)
+		hidden = t.itemHidden.Load() // the number of hidden items
 	)
 	// Ensure the start is written, not deleted from the tail, and that the
 	// caller actually wants something
@@ -832,7 +829,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) retrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([]byte, []i
 // has returns an indicator whether the specified number data is still accessible
 // in the freezer table.
 func (t *freezerTable) has(number uint64) bool {
-	return atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items) > number && atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemHidden) <= number
+	return t.items.Load() > number && t.itemHidden.Load() <= number
 }
 
 // size returns the total data size in the freezer table.
@@ -922,7 +919,7 @@ func (t *freezerTable) dumpIndex(w io.Writer, start, stop int64) {
 		return
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Version %d count %d, deleted %d, hidden %d\n", meta.Version,
-		atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items), atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemOffset), atomic.LoadUint64(&t.itemHidden))
+		t.items.Load(), t.itemOffset.Load(), t.itemHidden.Load())
 
 	buf := make([]byte, indexEntrySize)
 
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go
index 6181d4d72c..5c4cc40edd 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"testing/quick"
 
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ func TestFreezerRepairDanglingHeadLarge(t *testing.T) {
 		writeChunks(t, f, 255, 15)
 
 		// The last item should be there
-		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items - 1); err != nil {
+		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items.Load() - 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		f.Close()
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ func TestFreezerRepairDanglingIndex(t *testing.T) {
 		writeChunks(t, f, 9, 15)
 
 		// The last item should be there
-		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items - 1); err != nil {
+		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items.Load() - 1); err != nil {
 			f.Close()
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -350,8 +349,8 @@ func TestFreezerRepairDanglingIndex(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		defer f.Close()
-		if f.items != 7 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 7, f.items)
+		if f.items.Load() != 7 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 7, f.items.Load())
 		}
 		if err := assertFileSize(fileToCrop, 15); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ func TestFreezerTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 		writeChunks(t, f, 30, 15)
 
 		// The last item should be there
-		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items - 1); err != nil {
+		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items.Load() - 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		f.Close()
@@ -388,8 +387,8 @@ func TestFreezerTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		defer f.Close()
 		f.truncateHead(10) // 150 bytes
-		if f.items != 10 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 10, f.items)
+		if f.items.Load() != 10 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 10, f.items.Load())
 		}
 		// 45, 45, 45, 15 -- bytes should be 15
 		if f.headBytes != 15 {
@@ -444,9 +443,9 @@ func TestFreezerRepairFirstFile(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if f.items != 1 {
+		if f.items.Load() != 1 {
 			f.Close()
-			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 0, f.items)
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 0, f.items.Load())
 		}
 
 		// Write 40 bytes
@@ -483,7 +482,7 @@ func TestFreezerReadAndTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 		writeChunks(t, f, 30, 15)
 
 		// The last item should be there
-		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items - 1); err != nil {
+		if _, err = f.Retrieve(f.items.Load() - 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		f.Close()
@@ -495,9 +494,9 @@ func TestFreezerReadAndTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if f.items != 30 {
+		if f.items.Load() != 30 {
 			f.Close()
-			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 0, f.items)
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d items, got %d", 0, f.items.Load())
 		}
 		for y := byte(0); y < 30; y++ {
 			f.Retrieve(uint64(y))
@@ -1210,13 +1209,13 @@ func runRandTest(rt randTest) bool {
 				rt[i].err = fmt.Errorf("failed to reload table %v", err)
 			}
 		case opCheckAll:
-			tail := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.itemHidden)
-			head := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.items)
+			tail := f.itemHidden.Load()
+			head := f.items.Load()
 
 			if tail == head {
 				continue
 			}
-			got, err := f.RetrieveItems(atomic.LoadUint64(&f.itemHidden), head-tail, 100000)
+			got, err := f.RetrieveItems(f.itemHidden.Load(), head-tail, 100000)
 			if err != nil {
 				rt[i].err = err
 			} else {
@@ -1238,7 +1237,7 @@ func runRandTest(rt randTest) bool {
 			if len(step.items) == 0 {
 				continue
 			}
-			tail := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.itemHidden)
+			tail := f.itemHidden.Load()
 			for i := 0; i < len(step.items); i++ {
 				blobs = append(blobs, values[step.items[i]-tail])
 			}
@@ -1254,7 +1253,7 @@ func runRandTest(rt randTest) bool {
 		case opTruncateHead:
 			f.truncateHead(step.target)
 
-			length := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.items) - atomic.LoadUint64(&f.itemHidden)
+			length := f.items.Load() - f.itemHidden.Load()
 			values = values[:length]
 
 		case opTruncateHeadAll:
@@ -1262,10 +1261,10 @@ func runRandTest(rt randTest) bool {
 			values = nil
 
 		case opTruncateTail:
-			prev := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.itemHidden)
+			prev := f.itemHidden.Load()
 			f.truncateTail(step.target)
 
-			truncated := atomic.LoadUint64(&f.itemHidden) - prev
+			truncated := f.itemHidden.Load() - prev
 			values = values[truncated:]
 
 		case opTruncateTailAll:
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go
index 5896e43ce2..630c9029b0 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_test.go
@@ -267,10 +267,10 @@ func TestFreezerReadonlyValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	bBatch := f.tables["b"].newBatch()
 	require.NoError(t, bBatch.AppendRaw(0, item))
 	require.NoError(t, bBatch.commit())
-	if f.tables["a"].items != 3 {
+	if f.tables["a"].items.Load() != 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of items in table")
 	}
-	if f.tables["b"].items != 1 {
+	if f.tables["b"].items.Load() != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of items in table")
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, f.Close())