refine text in 2 namespace pages
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@ -3,56 +3,54 @@ title: Real-time Events
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sort_key: B
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sort_key: B
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---
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---
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Geth v1.4 and later support publish / subscribe using JSON-RPC notifications. This allows
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Geth v1.4 and later support publish / subscribe using JSON-RPC notifications. This allows clients to wait for events instead of polling for them.
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clients to wait for events instead of polling for them.
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It works by subscribing to particular events. The node will return a subscription id. For
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It works by subscribing to particular events. The node will return a subscription id. For each event that matches the subscription a notification with relevant data is send together with the subscription id.
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each event that matches the subscription a notification with relevant data is send
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together with the subscription id.
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Example:
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Example:
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// create subscription
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```sh
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newHeads"]}
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// create subscription
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5"}
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newHeads"]}
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```
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// incoming notifications
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returns
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5","result":{"difficulty":"0xd9263f42a87",<...>, "uncles":[]}}}
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5","result":{"difficulty":"0xd90b1a7ad02", <...>, "uncles":["0x80aacd1ea4c9da32efd8c2cc9ab38f8f70578fcd46a1a4ed73f82f3e0957f936"]}}}
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// cancel subscription
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```sh
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_unsubscribe", "params": ["0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5"]}
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5"}
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":true}
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// incoming notifications
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5","result":{"difficulty":"0xd9263f42a87",<...>, "uncles":[]}}}
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params":{"subscription":"0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5","result":{"difficulty":"0xd90b1a7ad02", <...>, "uncles":["0x80aacd1ea4c9da32efd8c2cc9ab38f8f70578fcd46a1a4ed73f82f3e0957f936"]}}}
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```
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to cancel the subscription:
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```sh
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// cancel subscription
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_unsubscribe", "params": ["0xcd0c3e8af590364c09d0fa6a1210faf5"]}
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":true}
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```
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### Considerations
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### Considerations
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1. notifications are sent for current events and not for past events. If your use case
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1. Notifications are sent for current events and not for past events. For use cases that depend on not to miss any notifications subscriptions are probably not the best option.
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requires you not to miss any notifications then subscriptions are probably not the best
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2. Subscriptions require a full duplex connection. Geth offers such connections in the form of WebSocket and IPC (enabled by default).
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option.
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3. Subscriptions are coupled to a connection. If the connection is closed all subscriptions that are created over this connection are removed.
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2. subscriptions require a full duplex connection. Geth offers such connections in the
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4. Notifications are stored in an internal buffer and sent from this buffer to the client. If the client is unable to keep up and the number of buffered notifications reaches a limit (currently 10k) the connection is closed. Keep in mind that subscribing to some events can cause a flood of notifications, e.g. listening for all logs/blocks when the node starts to synchronize.
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form of WebSocket and IPC (enabled by default).
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3. subscriptions are coupled to a connection. If the connection is closed all
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subscriptions that are created over this connection are removed.
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4. notifications are stored in an internal buffer and sent from this buffer to the client.
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If the client is unable to keep up and the number of buffered notifications reaches a
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limit (currently 10k) the connection is closed. Keep in mind that subscribing to some
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events can cause a flood of notifications, e.g. listening for all logs/blocks when the
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node starts to synchronize.
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## Create subscription
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## Create subscription
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Subscriptions are created with a regular RPC call with `eth_subscribe` as method and the
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Subscriptions are created with a regular RPC call with `eth_subscribe` as method and the subscription name as first parameter. If successful it returns the subscription id.
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subscription name as first parameter. If successful it returns the subscription id.
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### Parameters
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### Parameters
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1. subscription name
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1. Subscription name
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2. optional arguments
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2. Optional arguments
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### Example
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### Example
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newHeads"]}
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```sh
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<< {"id": 1, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": "0x9cef478923ff08bf67fde6c64013158d"}
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newHeads"]}
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{"id": 1, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": "0x9cef478923ff08bf67fde6c64013158d"}
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```
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## Cancel subscription
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## Cancel subscription
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@ -65,8 +63,10 @@ was cancelled successful.
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### Example
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### Example
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_unsubscribe", "params": ["0x9cef478923ff08bf67fde6c64013158d"]}
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```sh
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":true}
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_unsubscribe", "params": ["0x9cef478923ff08bf67fde6c64013158d"]}
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":true}
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```
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## Supported Subscriptions
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## Supported Subscriptions
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@ -79,32 +79,39 @@ chain. Therefore the subscription can emit multiple headers on the same height.
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#### Example
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#### Example
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newHeads"]}
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```sh
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0x9ce59a13059e417087c02d3236a0b1cc"}
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newHeads"]}
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```
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<< {
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returns
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"jsonrpc": "2.0",
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"method": "eth_subscription",
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```sh
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"params": {
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0x9ce59a13059e417087c02d3236a0b1cc"}
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"result": {
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"difficulty": "0x15d9223a23aa",
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{
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"extraData": "0xd983010305844765746887676f312e342e328777696e646f7773",
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"jsonrpc": "2.0",
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"gasLimit": "0x47e7c4",
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"method": "eth_subscription",
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"gasUsed": "0x38658",
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"params": {
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"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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"result": {
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"miner": "0xf8b483dba2c3b7176a3da549ad41a48bb3121069",
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"difficulty": "0x15d9223a23aa",
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"nonce": "0x084149998194cc5f",
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"extraData": "0xd983010305844765746887676f312e342e328777696e646f7773",
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"number": "0x1348c9",
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"gasLimit": "0x47e7c4",
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"parentHash": "0x7736fab79e05dc611604d22470dadad26f56fe494421b5b333de816ce1f25701",
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"gasUsed": "0x38658",
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"receiptRoot": "0x2fab35823ad00c7bb388595cb46652fe7886e00660a01e867824d3dceb1c8d36",
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"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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"sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
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"miner": "0xf8b483dba2c3b7176a3da549ad41a48bb3121069",
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"stateRoot": "0xb3346685172db67de536d8765c43c31009d0eb3bd9c501c9be3229203f15f378",
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"nonce": "0x084149998194cc5f",
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"timestamp": "0x56ffeff8",
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"number": "0x1348c9",
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"transactionsRoot": "0x0167ffa60e3ebc0b080cdb95f7c0087dd6c0e61413140e39d94d3468d7c9689f"
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"parentHash": "0x7736fab79e05dc611604d22470dadad26f56fe494421b5b333de816ce1f25701",
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},
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"receiptRoot": "0x2fab35823ad00c7bb388595cb46652fe7886e00660a01e867824d3dceb1c8d36",
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"subscription": "0x9ce59a13059e417087c02d3236a0b1cc"
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"sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
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}
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"stateRoot": "0xb3346685172db67de536d8765c43c31009d0eb3bd9c501c9be3229203f15f378",
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}
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"timestamp": "0x56ffeff8",
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"transactionsRoot": "0x0167ffa60e3ebc0b080cdb95f7c0087dd6c0e61413140e39d94d3468d7c9689f"
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},
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"subscription": "0x9ce59a13059e417087c02d3236a0b1cc"
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}
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}
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```
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### logs
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### logs
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@ -120,11 +127,15 @@ In case of a chain reorganization previous sent logs that are on the old chain w
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#### Example
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#### Example
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```sh
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["logs", {"address": "0x8320fe7702b96808f7bbc0d4a888ed1468216cfd", "topics": ["0xd78a0cb8bb633d06981248b816e7bd33c2a35a6089241d099fa519e361cab902"]}]}
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```
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returns
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```sh
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0x4a8a4c0517381924f9838102c5a4dcb7"}
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["logs", {"address": "0x8320fe7702b96808f7bbc0d4a888ed1468216cfd", "topics": ["0xd78a0cb8bb633d06981248b816e7bd33c2a35a6089241d099fa519e361cab902"]}]}
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params": {"subscription":"0x4a8a4c0517381924f9838102c5a4dcb7","result":{"address":"0x8320fe7702b96808f7bbc0d4a888ed1468216cfd","blockHash":"0x61cdb2a09ab99abf791d474f20c2ea89bf8de2923a2d42bb49944c8c993cbf04","blockNumber":"0x29e87","data":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003","logIndex":"0x0","topics":["0xd78a0cb8bb633d06981248b816e7bd33c2a35a6089241d099fa519e361cab902"],"transactionHash":"0xe044554a0a55067caafd07f8020ab9f2af60bdfe337e395ecd84b4877a3d1ab4","transactionIndex":"0x0"}}}
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0x4a8a4c0517381924f9838102c5a4dcb7"}
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```
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_subscription","params": {"subscription":"0x4a8a4c0517381924f9838102c5a4dcb7","result":{"address":"0x8320fe7702b96808f7bbc0d4a888ed1468216cfd","blockHash":"0x61cdb2a09ab99abf791d474f20c2ea89bf8de2923a2d42bb49944c8c993cbf04","blockNumber":"0x29e87","data":"0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003","logIndex":"0x0","topics":["0xd78a0cb8bb633d06981248b816e7bd33c2a35a6089241d099fa519e361cab902"],"transactionHash":"0xe044554a0a55067caafd07f8020ab9f2af60bdfe337e395ecd84b4877a3d1ab4","transactionIndex":"0x0"}}}
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### newPendingTransactions
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### newPendingTransactions
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#### Example
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#### Example
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newPendingTransactions"]}
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```sh
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0xc3b33aa549fb9a60e95d21862596617c"}
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["newPendingTransactions"]}
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<< {
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```
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"jsonrpc":"2.0",
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"method":"eth_subscription",
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returns
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"params":{
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"subscription":"0xc3b33aa549fb9a60e95d21862596617c",
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```sh
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"result":"0xd6fdc5cc41a9959e922f30cb772a9aef46f4daea279307bc5f7024edc4ccd7fa"
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0xc3b33aa549fb9a60e95d21862596617c"}
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}
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{
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}
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"jsonrpc":"2.0",
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"method":"eth_subscription",
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"params":{
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"subscription":"0xc3b33aa549fb9a60e95d21862596617c",
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"result":"0xd6fdc5cc41a9959e922f30cb772a9aef46f4daea279307bc5f7024edc4ccd7fa"
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}
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}
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```
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### syncing
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### syncing
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#### Example
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#### Example
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>> {"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["syncing"]}
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```sh
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<< {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0xe2ffeb2703bcf602d42922385829ce96"}
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{"id": 1, "method": "eth_subscribe", "params": ["syncing"]}
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<< {"subscription":"0xe2ffeb2703bcf602d42922385829ce96","result":{"syncing":true,"status":{"startingBlock":674427,"currentBlock":67400,"highestBlock":674432,"pulledStates":0,"knownStates":0}}}}
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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"0xe2ffeb2703bcf602d42922385829ce96"}
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{"subscription":"0xe2ffeb2703bcf602d42922385829ce96","result":{"syncing":true,"status":{"startingBlock":674427,"currentBlock":67400,"highestBlock":674432,"pulledStates":0,"knownStates":0}}}}
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```
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ sort_key: E
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Clef listens to HTTP requests on `http.addr`:`http.port` (or to IPC on `ipcpath`), with the same JSON-RPC standard as Geth. The messages are expected to be [JSON-RPC 2.0 standard](https://www.jsonrpc.org/specification).
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Clef listens to HTTP requests on `http.addr`:`http.port` (or to IPC on `ipcpath`), with the same JSON-RPC standard as Geth. The messages are expected to be [JSON-RPC 2.0 standard](https://www.jsonrpc.org/specification).
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Some of these calls can require user interaction. Clients must be aware that responses may be delayed significantly or may never be received if a user decides to ignore the confirmation request.
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Some of these calls can require user interaction in the Clef terminal. Responses may be delayed significantly or may never be received if a user decides to ignore the confirmation request.
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The External API is **untrusted**: it does not accept credentials, nor does it expect that requests have any authority.
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The External API is **untrusted**: it does not accept credentials, nor does it expect that requests have any authority.
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@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ See the [external API changelog](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/ma
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### Encoding
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### Encoding
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- number: positive integers that are hex encoded
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- number: positive integers that are hex encoded
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- data: hex encoded data
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- data: hex encoded data
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- string: ASCII string
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- string: ASCII string
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