[website]: fix several typos and some phrasing (#27151)

* website: fix several typos and some phrasing

* website: revert change

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

docs/faq.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Light sync relies on full nodes that serve data to light clients. Historically,
 
 ## Why do I need another client in addition to Geth? {#consensus-client}
 
-Historically, running Geth was enough to turn a computer into an Ethereum node. However, when Ethereum transitioned to proof-of-stake, responsibility for consensus logic and block gossip was handed over to a separate consensus layer client. However, Geth still handles transactions and state management. When the consensus client is required to create a new block, it requests Geth to gather transactions from the transaction pool, execute them to compute a state transition and pass this information back to the consensus client. When the consensus client receives a new block from a peer, it passes the transactions to Geth to re-execute to verify the proposed state-transition. There is a clear separation of concerns between the two clients, meaning that both are required for a computer function as an Ethereum node.
+Historically, running Geth was enough to turn a computer into an Ethereum node. However, when Ethereum transitioned to proof-of-stake, responsibility for consensus logic and block gossip was handed over to a separate consensus layer client. However, Geth still handles transactions and state management. When the consensus client is required to create a new block, it requests Geth to gather transactions from the transaction pool, execute them to compute a state transition and pass this information back to the consensus client. When the consensus client receives a new block from a peer, it passes the transactions to Geth to re-execute to verify the proposed state-transition. There is a clear separation of concerns between the two clients, meaning that both are required for a computer to function as an Ethereum node.
 
 ## What is staking and how do I participate? {#what-is-staking}
 

docs/fundamentals/account-management.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The same can be achieved using raw JSON requests (this example send the request
 curl -X POST --data '{"id": 0, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "account_new", "params": []}' http://localhost:8550 -H "Content-Type: application/json"
 ```
 
-The console will hang because Clef is waiting for manual approval. Switch to the Clef terminal and approve the action. Clef will prompt for a account password and then confirm the account creation in the terminal logs. A new keyfile has been added to the keystore in `go-ethereum/sepolia-data`. A JSON response is returned to the terminal the request originated from, containing the new account address in the `result` field.
+The console will hang because Clef is waiting for manual approval. Switch to the Clef terminal and approve the action. Clef will prompt for an account password and then confirm the account creation in the terminal logs. A new keyfile has been added to the keystore in `go-ethereum/sepolia-data`. A JSON response is returned to the terminal the request originated from, containing the new account address in the `result` field.
 
 ```terminal
 {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 0, "result": "0x168bc315a2ee09042d83d7c5811b533620531f67"}
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ The console will hang because Clef is waiting for manual approval. Switch to the
 
 It is critical to backup the account password safely and securely as it cannot be retrieved or reset.
 
-<Note>If the password provided on account creation is lost or forgotten, there is no way to retrive it and the account will simply stay locked forever. The password MUST be backed up safely and securely! **IT IS CRITICAL TO BACKUP THE KEYSTORE AND REMEMBER PASSWORDS**</Note>
+<Note>If the password provided on account creation is lost or forgotten, there is no way to retrive it and the account will simply stay locked forever. The password MUST be backed up safely and securely! **IT IS CRITICAL TO BACKUP THE KEYSTORE AND REMEMBER PASSWORDS!**</Note>
 
 The newly generated key files can be viewed in `<datadir>/keystore/`. The file naming format is `UTC--<date>--<address>` where `date` is the date and time of key creation formatted according to [UTC 8601](https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html) with zero time offset and seconds precise to eight decimal places. `address` is the 40 hexadecimal characters that make up the account address without a leading `0x`, for example:
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The ordering of accounts when they are listed is lexicographic, but is effective
 
 Accounts can also be listed in the Javascript console using `eth.accounts`, which will defer to Clef for approval.
 
-As well as individual account, any wallets managed by Clef can be listed (which will also print the wallet status and the address and URl of any accounts they contain. This uses the `list-wallets` CLI command.
+As well as individual accounts, any wallets managed by Clef can be listed (which will also print the wallet status and the address and URl of any accounts they contain. This uses the `list-wallets` CLI command.
 
 ```sh
 clef list-wallets --keystore <path-to-keystore>
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ which returns:
 
 ### Import a keyfile {#importing-a-keyfile}
 
-It is also possible to create an account by importing an existing private key. For example, a user might already have some ether at an address they created using a browser wallet and now wish to use a new Geth node to interact with their funds. In this case, the private key can be exported from the browser wallet and imported into Geth. It is possible to do this using Clef, but currently the method is not externally exposed and requires implementing a UI. There is a Python UI on the Geth GitHub that could be used as an example or it can be done using the default console UI. However, for now the most straightforward way to import an accoutn from a private key is to use Geth's `account import`.
+It is also possible to create an account by importing an existing private key. For example, a user might already have some ether at an address they created using a browser wallet and now wish to use a new Geth node to interact with their funds. In this case, the private key can be exported from the browser wallet and imported into Geth. It is possible to do this using Clef, but currently the method is not externally exposed and requires implementing a UI. There is a Python UI on the Geth GitHub that could be used as an example or it can be done using the default console UI. However, for now, the most straightforward way to import an account from a private key is to use Geth's `account import`.
 
 Geth requires the private key to be stored as a file which contains the private key as unencrypted canonical elliptic curve bytes encoded into hex (i.e. plain text key without leading 0x). The new account is then saved in encrypted format, protected by a passphrase the user provides on request. As always, this passphrase must be securely and safely backed up - there is no way to retrieve or reset it if it is forgotten!
 

docs/fundamentals/backup-restore.md

@@ -51,4 +51,4 @@ Import binary-format blockchain exports with:
 geth import <filename>
 ```
 
-And finally: **REMEMBER YOUR PASSWORD** and **BACKUP YOUR KEYSTORE**
+And finally: **REMEMBER YOUR PASSWORD** and **BACKUP YOUR KEYSTORE**!

docs/fundamentals/logs.md

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ INFO [09-06|01:31:59.910] Resuming state snapshot generation root=bc64d4..fc1edd
 The sync can be confirmed using [`eth.syncing`](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_syncing) - it will return `false` if the node is in sync. If `eth.syncing` returns anything other than `false` it has not finished syncing. Generally, if syncing is still ongoing, `eth.syncing` will return block info that looks as follows:
 
 ```json
-> eth.sycing
+> eth.syncing
 {
   currentBlock: 15285946,
   healedBytecodeBytes: 991164713,

docs/fundamentals/security.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The local machine's firewall settings should:
 
 Account security comes down to keeping private keys and account passwords backed up and inaccessible to adversaries. This is something that users take responsibility for. Geth provides an encrypted store for keys that are unlocked using an account password. If the key files or the passwors are lost, the account is impossible to access and the funds are effectively lost forever. If access to the unencrypted keys is obtained by an adversary they gain control of any funds associated with the account.
 
-Geth has built-in account management tools. However, Clef is recommended as an external account management and signing tool. It can be run decoupled from Geth and can even be run on dedicated secure external hardware such as a VM or a secure USB drive. This is considered best practise because the user is required to manually review all actions that touch sensitive data, except where specific predefined rules are implemented. Signing is done locally to Clef rather than giving key access to a node. Geth's built-in management tools are intended to be deprecated in the near future.
+Geth has built-in account management tools. However, Clef is recommended as an external account management and signing tool. It can be run decoupled from Geth and can even be run on dedicated secure external hardware such as a VM or a secure USB drive. This is considered best practice because the user is required to manually review all actions that touch sensitive data, except where specific predefined rules are implemented. Signing is done locally to Clef rather than giving key access to a node. Geth's built-in management tools are intended to be deprecated in the near future.
 
 **Back up your keystore and passwords safely and securely!**
 

docs/fundamentals/sync-modes.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Snap sync starts from a relatively recent block and syncs from there to the head
 ![state pruning options](/images/docs/state-pruning.png)
 _This image shows the state stored by each sync-mode - red indicates stored state. The full width of each line represents origin to present head_
 
-Snap sync works by first downloading the headers for a chunk of blocks. Once the headers have been verified, the block bodies and receipts for those blocks are downloaded. In parallel, Geth also sync begins state-sync. In state-sync, Geth first downloads the leaves of the state trie for each block without the intermediate nodes along with a range proof. The state trie is then regenerated locally.
+Snap sync works by first downloading the headers for a chunk of blocks. Once the headers have been verified, the block bodies and receipts for those blocks are downloaded. In parallel, Geth also begins state-sync. In state-sync, Geth first downloads the leaves of the state trie for each block without the intermediate nodes along with a range proof. The state trie is then regenerated locally.
 
 The state download is the part of the snap-sync that takes the most time to complete and the progress can be monitored using the ETA values in the log messages. However, the blockchain is also progressing at the same time and invalidating some of the regenerated state data. This means it is also necessary to have a 'healing' phase where errors in the state are fixed. It is not possible to monitor the progress of the state heal because the extent of the errors cannot be known until the current state has already been regenerated. Geth regularly reports `Syncing, state heal in progress` during state healing - this informs the user that state heal has not finished. It is also possible to confirm this using `eth.syncing` - if this command returns `false` then the node is in sync. If it returns anything other than `false` then syncing is still in progress.
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Read more about light nodes on our [LES page](/docs/fundamentals/les).
 
 Now that Ethereum has switched to proof-of-stake, all consensus logic and block propagation is handled by consensus clients. This means that syncing the blockchain is a process shared between the consensus and execution clients. Blocks are downloaded by the consensus client and verified by the execution client. In order for Geth to sync, it requires a header from its connected consensus client. Geth does not import any data until it is instructed to by the consensus client. **Geth cannot sync without being connected to a consensus client**. This includes block-by-block syncing from genesis. The consensus client is required to provide a header from the tip of the chain that Geth can sync towards - without it, Geth cannot know that it has followed the right sequence of blocks.
 
-Once a header is available to use as a syncing target, Geth retrieves all headers between that target header and the local header chain in reverse chronological order. These headers show that the sequence of blocks is correct because the parenthashes link one block to the next right up to the target block. Eventually, the sync will reach a block held in the local database, at which point the local data and the target data are considered 'linked' and there is a very high chance the node is syncing the correct chain. The block bodies are then downloaded and then the state data. The consensus client can update the target header - as long as the syncing outpaces the growth of the blockchain then the node will eventually get in sync.
+Once a header is available to use as a syncing target, Geth retrieves all headers between that target header and the local header chain in reverse chronological order. These headers show that the sequence of blocks is correct because the parent hashes link one block to the next right up to the target block. Eventually, the sync will reach a block held in the local database, at which point the local data and the target data are considered 'linked' and there is a very high chance the node is syncing the correct chain. The block bodies are then downloaded and then the state data. The consensus client can update the target header - as long as the syncing outpaces the growth of the blockchain then the node will eventually get in sync.
 
 There are two ways for the consensus client to find a block header that Geth can use as a sync target: optimistic syncing and checkpoint syncing:
 

docs/getting-started/consensus-clients.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: Connecting to Consensus Clients
 description: Instructions for connecting Geth to a consensus client
 ---
 
-Geth is an [execution client](https://ethereum.org/en/glossary/#execution-client). Historically, an execution client alone was enough to run a full Ethereum node. However, ever since Ethereum swapped from [proof-of-work](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow) (PoW) to [proof-of-stake](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos) (PoS) based consensus, Geth has needed to be coupled to another piece of software called a ["consensus client"](https://ethereum.org/en/glossary/#consensus-client).
+Geth is an [execution client](https://ethereum.org/en/glossary/#execution-client). Historically, an execution client alone was enough to run a full Ethereum node. However, since Ethereum swapped from [proof-of-work](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow) (PoW) to [proof-of-stake](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos) (PoS) based consensus, Geth needs to be coupled to another piece of software called a ["consensus client"](https://ethereum.org/en/glossary/#consensus-client).
 
 There are five consensus clients available, all of which connect to Geth in the same way. This page will outline how Geth can be set up with a consensus client to form a complete Ethereum node.
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ The consensus clients all expose a [Beacon API](https://ethereum.github.io/beaco
 
 ## Validators {#validators}
 
-Validators are responsible for securing the Ethereum blockchain. Validators have staked at least 32 ETH into a deposit contract and run validator software. Each of the consensus clients have their own validator software that is described in detail in their respective documentation. The easiest way to handle staking and validator key generation is to use the Ethereum Foundation [Staking Launchpad](https://launchpad.ethereum.org/). The Launchpad guides users through the process of generating validator keys and connecting the validator to the consensus client.
+Validators are responsible for securing the Ethereum blockchain. Validators have staked at least 32 ETH into a deposit contract and run validator software. Each consensus client has its own validator software that is described in detail in its respective documentation. The easiest way to handle staking and validator key generation is to use the Ethereum Foundation [Staking Launchpad](https://launchpad.ethereum.org/). The Launchpad guides users through the process of generating validator keys and connecting the validator to the consensus client.
 
 ## Syncing {#syncing}
 

docs/getting-started/index.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ It is important to save the account address and the password somewhere secure. T
 
 ## Step 2: Start Clef {#start-clef}
 
-The previous commands used Clef's `newaccount` function to add new key pairs to the keystore. Clef uses the private key(s) saved in the keystore is used to sign transactions. In order to do this, Clef needs to be started and left running while Geth is running simultaneously, so that the two programs can communicate between one another.
+The previous commands used Clef's `newaccount` function to add new key pairs to the keystore. Clef uses the private key(s) saved in the keystore to sign transactions. In order to do this, Clef needs to be started and left running while Geth is running simultaneously, so that the two programs can communicate between one another.
 
 To start Clef, run the Clef executable passing as arguments the keystore file location, config directory location and a chain ID. The config directory was automatically created inside the `geth-tutorial` directory during the previous step. The [chain ID](https://chainlist.org/) is an integer that defines which Ethereum network to connect to. Ethereum mainnet has chain ID 1. In this tutorial Chain ID 11155111 is used which is that of the Sepolia testnet. It is very important that this chain ID parameter is set to 11155111 - Clef uses the chain ID to sign messages so it must be correct. The following command starts Clef on Sepolia:
 
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ If there is no error message reported to the terminal, everything is OK. Geth mu
 
 ## Step 4: Get Testnet Ether {#get-test-eth}
 
-In order to make some transactions, the user must fund their account with ether. On Ethereum mainnet, ether can only be obtained in three ways: 1) by receiving it as a reward for mining/validating; 2) receiving it in a transfer from another Ethereum user or contract; 3) receiving it from an exchange, 3) having paid for it with fiat money. On Ethereum testnets, the ether has no real world value so it 4) can be made freely available via faucets. Faucets allow users to request a transfer of testnet ether to their account.
+In order to make some transactions, the user must fund their account with ether. On Ethereum mainnet, ether can only be obtained in three ways: 1) by receiving it as a reward for mining/validating; 2) receiving it in a transfer from another Ethereum user or contract; 3) receiving it from an exchange, having paid for it with fiat money. On Ethereum testnets, the ether has no real world value so it 4) can be made freely available via faucets. Faucets allow users to request a transfer of testnet ether to their account.
 
-The address generated by Clef in Step 1 can be pasted into the Paradigm Multifaucet faucet [here](https://faucet.sepolia.dev/). The faucets adds Sepolia ETH (not real ETH) to the given address. In the next steps Geth will be used to check that the ether has been sent to the given address and send some of it to the second address created earlier.
+The address generated by Clef in Step 1 can be pasted into the Paradigm Multifaucet faucet [here](https://faucet.sepolia.dev/). The faucet adds Sepolia ETH (not real ETH) to the given address. In the next steps Geth will be used to check that the ether has been sent to the given address and send some of it to the second address created earlier.
 
 ## Step 5: Interact with Geth {#interact-with-geth}
 
@@ -239,11 +239,11 @@ Entering `y` approves the request from the console. In the terminal running the
 ["0xca57f3b40b42fcce3c37b8d18adbca5260ca72ec", "0xce8dba5e4157c2b284d8853afeeea259344c1653"]
 ```
 
-It is also possible for this request to time out if the Clef approval took too long - in this case simply repeat the request and approval. Accoutns can also be listed directly from Clef by opening a new terminal and running `clef list-accounts --keystore <path-to-keystore>`.
+It is also possible for this request to time out if the Clef approval took too long - in this case simply repeat the request and approval. Accounts can also be listed directly from Clef by opening a new terminal and running `clef list-accounts --keystore <path-to-keystore>`.
 
 ### Checking account balance. {#checking-balances}
 
-Having confirmed that the two addresses created earlier are indeed in the keystore and accessible through the Javascript console, it is possible to retrieve information about how much ether they own. The Sepolia faucet should have sent 0.05 ETH to the address provided, meaning that the balance of one of the accounts should be at least 0.05 ether and the other should be 0. There are other faucets available that may dispense more ETH per request, and multipel requests can be made to accumulate more ETH. The following command displays the account balance in the console:
+Having confirmed that the two addresses created earlier are indeed in the keystore and accessible through the Javascript console, it is possible to retrieve information about how much ether they own. The Sepolia faucet should have sent 0.05 ETH to the address provided, meaning that the balance of one of the accounts should be at least 0.05 ether and the other should be 0. There are other faucets available that may dispense more ETH per request, and multiple requests can be made to accumulate more ETH. The following command displays the account balance in the console:
 
 ```js
 web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance('0xca57F3b40B42FCce3c37B8D18aDBca5260ca72EC'), 'ether');

docs/getting-started/installing-geth.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: Installing Geth
 description: Guide to installing Geth
 ---
 
-There are several ways to install Geth, including via a package manager, downloading a pre-built bundle, running as a docker container or building from downloaded source code. On this page the various installation options are explained for several major operating systems. Users prioritizing ease of installation should choose to use a package manager or prebuilt bundle. Users prioritizing customization should build from source. It is important to run the latest version of Geth because each release includes bugfixes and improvement over the previous versions. The stable releases are recommended for most users because they have been fully tested. A list of stable releases can be found [here](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases). Instructions for updating existing Geth installations are also provided in each section.
+There are several ways to install Geth, including via a package manager, downloading a pre-built bundle, running as a docker container or building from downloaded source code. On this page the various installation options are explained for several major operating systems. Users prioritizing ease of installation should choose to use a package manager or prebuilt bundle. Users prioritizing customization should build from source. It is important to run the latest version of Geth because each release includes bugfixes and improvements over the previous versions. The stable releases are recommended for most users because they have been fully tested. A list of stable releases can be found [here](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases). Instructions for updating existing Geth installations are also provided in each section.
 
 ## Package managers {#package-managers}
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ cd go-ethereum
 CC=clang make geth
 ```
 
-To start the node, the followijng command can be run:
+To start the node, the following command can be run:
 
 ```shell
 build/bin/geth