2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
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// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
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// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
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//
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// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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// (at your option) any later version.
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//
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// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
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//
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// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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// Package clique implements the proof-of-authority consensus engine.
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package clique
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import (
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"bytes"
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"errors"
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accounts, eth, clique, signer: support for external signer API (#18079)
* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend
* signer: implement account_Version on external API
* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright
* accounts, internal, signer: formatting
* node: go fmt
* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner
* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic
* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests
* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle
* clique: remove unused import
* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto
* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding
2019-02-05 04:23:57 -06:00
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"io"
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2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
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"math/big"
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"math/rand"
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"sync"
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"time"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
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lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
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2019-01-03 16:15:26 -06:00
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"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
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2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
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)
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const (
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checkpointInterval = 1024 // Number of blocks after which to save the vote snapshot to the database
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inmemorySnapshots = 128 // Number of recent vote snapshots to keep in memory
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inmemorySignatures = 4096 // Number of recent block signatures to keep in memory
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wiggleTime = 500 * time.Millisecond // Random delay (per signer) to allow concurrent signers
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)
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// Clique proof-of-authority protocol constants.
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var (
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epochLength = uint64(30000) // Default number of blocks after which to checkpoint and reset the pending votes
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2019-08-22 08:14:06 -05:00
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extraVanity = 32 // Fixed number of extra-data prefix bytes reserved for signer vanity
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extraSeal = crypto.SignatureLength // Fixed number of extra-data suffix bytes reserved for signer seal
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nonceAuthVote = hexutil.MustDecode("0xffffffffffffffff") // Magic nonce number to vote on adding a new signer
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nonceDropVote = hexutil.MustDecode("0x0000000000000000") // Magic nonce number to vote on removing a signer.
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uncleHash = types.CalcUncleHash(nil) // Always Keccak256(RLP([])) as uncles are meaningless outside of PoW.
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diffInTurn = big.NewInt(2) // Block difficulty for in-turn signatures
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diffNoTurn = big.NewInt(1) // Block difficulty for out-of-turn signatures
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)
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// Various error messages to mark blocks invalid. These should be private to
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// prevent engine specific errors from being referenced in the remainder of the
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// codebase, inherently breaking if the engine is swapped out. Please put common
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// error types into the consensus package.
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var (
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// errUnknownBlock is returned when the list of signers is requested for a block
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// that is not part of the local blockchain.
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errUnknownBlock = errors.New("unknown block")
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// errInvalidCheckpointBeneficiary is returned if a checkpoint/epoch transition
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// block has a beneficiary set to non-zeroes.
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errInvalidCheckpointBeneficiary = errors.New("beneficiary in checkpoint block non-zero")
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// errInvalidVote is returned if a nonce value is something else that the two
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// allowed constants of 0x00..0 or 0xff..f.
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errInvalidVote = errors.New("vote nonce not 0x00..0 or 0xff..f")
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// errInvalidCheckpointVote is returned if a checkpoint/epoch transition block
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// has a vote nonce set to non-zeroes.
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errInvalidCheckpointVote = errors.New("vote nonce in checkpoint block non-zero")
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// errMissingVanity is returned if a block's extra-data section is shorter than
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// 32 bytes, which is required to store the signer vanity.
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errMissingVanity = errors.New("extra-data 32 byte vanity prefix missing")
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// errMissingSignature is returned if a block's extra-data section doesn't seem
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// to contain a 65 byte secp256k1 signature.
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errMissingSignature = errors.New("extra-data 65 byte signature suffix missing")
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// errExtraSigners is returned if non-checkpoint block contain signer data in
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// their extra-data fields.
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errExtraSigners = errors.New("non-checkpoint block contains extra signer list")
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2017-06-19 21:12:48 -05:00
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// errInvalidCheckpointSigners is returned if a checkpoint block contains an
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// invalid list of signers (i.e. non divisible by 20 bytes).
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errInvalidCheckpointSigners = errors.New("invalid signer list on checkpoint block")
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// errMismatchingCheckpointSigners is returned if a checkpoint block contains a
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// list of signers different than the one the local node calculated.
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errMismatchingCheckpointSigners = errors.New("mismatching signer list on checkpoint block")
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// errInvalidMixDigest is returned if a block's mix digest is non-zero.
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errInvalidMixDigest = errors.New("non-zero mix digest")
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// errInvalidUncleHash is returned if a block contains an non-empty uncle list.
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errInvalidUncleHash = errors.New("non empty uncle hash")
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// errInvalidDifficulty is returned if the difficulty of a block neither 1 or 2.
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errInvalidDifficulty = errors.New("invalid difficulty")
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// errWrongDifficulty is returned if the difficulty of a block doesn't match the
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// turn of the signer.
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errWrongDifficulty = errors.New("wrong difficulty")
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// errInvalidTimestamp is returned if the timestamp of a block is lower than
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// the previous block's timestamp + the minimum block period.
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errInvalidTimestamp = errors.New("invalid timestamp")
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// errInvalidVotingChain is returned if an authorization list is attempted to
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// be modified via out-of-range or non-contiguous headers.
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errInvalidVotingChain = errors.New("invalid voting chain")
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// errUnauthorizedSigner is returned if a header is signed by a non-authorized entity.
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errUnauthorizedSigner = errors.New("unauthorized signer")
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// errRecentlySigned is returned if a header is signed by an authorized entity
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// that already signed a header recently, thus is temporarily not allowed to.
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errRecentlySigned = errors.New("recently signed")
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)
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// SignerFn hashes and signs the data to be signed by a backing account.
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type SignerFn func(signer accounts.Account, mimeType string, message []byte) ([]byte, error)
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// ecrecover extracts the Ethereum account address from a signed header.
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func ecrecover(header *types.Header, sigcache *lru.ARCCache) (common.Address, error) {
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// If the signature's already cached, return that
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hash := header.Hash()
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if address, known := sigcache.Get(hash); known {
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return address.(common.Address), nil
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}
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// Retrieve the signature from the header extra-data
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if len(header.Extra) < extraSeal {
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return common.Address{}, errMissingSignature
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}
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signature := header.Extra[len(header.Extra)-extraSeal:]
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// Recover the public key and the Ethereum address
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accounts, eth, clique, signer: support for external signer API (#18079)
* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend
* signer: implement account_Version on external API
* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright
* accounts, internal, signer: formatting
* node: go fmt
* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner
* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic
* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests
* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle
* clique: remove unused import
* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto
* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding
2019-02-05 04:23:57 -06:00
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pubkey, err := crypto.Ecrecover(SealHash(header).Bytes(), signature)
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if err != nil {
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return common.Address{}, err
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}
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var signer common.Address
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copy(signer[:], crypto.Keccak256(pubkey[1:])[12:])
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sigcache.Add(hash, signer)
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return signer, nil
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}
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// Clique is the proof-of-authority consensus engine proposed to support the
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// Ethereum testnet following the Ropsten attacks.
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type Clique struct {
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config *params.CliqueConfig // Consensus engine configuration parameters
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db ethdb.Database // Database to store and retrieve snapshot checkpoints
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recents *lru.ARCCache // Snapshots for recent block to speed up reorgs
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signatures *lru.ARCCache // Signatures of recent blocks to speed up mining
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proposals map[common.Address]bool // Current list of proposals we are pushing
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signer common.Address // Ethereum address of the signing key
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signFn SignerFn // Signer function to authorize hashes with
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lock sync.RWMutex // Protects the signer fields
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// The fields below are for testing only
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fakeDiff bool // Skip difficulty verifications
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}
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// New creates a Clique proof-of-authority consensus engine with the initial
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// signers set to the ones provided by the user.
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func New(config *params.CliqueConfig, db ethdb.Database) *Clique {
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// Set any missing consensus parameters to their defaults
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conf := *config
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if conf.Epoch == 0 {
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conf.Epoch = epochLength
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}
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// Allocate the snapshot caches and create the engine
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recents, _ := lru.NewARC(inmemorySnapshots)
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signatures, _ := lru.NewARC(inmemorySignatures)
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return &Clique{
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config: &conf,
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db: db,
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recents: recents,
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signatures: signatures,
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proposals: make(map[common.Address]bool),
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}
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}
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2017-04-12 08:38:31 -05:00
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// Author implements consensus.Engine, returning the Ethereum address recovered
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// from the signature in the header's extra-data section.
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func (c *Clique) Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error) {
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return ecrecover(header, c.signatures)
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}
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// VerifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules.
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func (c *Clique) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error {
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return c.verifyHeader(chain, header, nil)
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}
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// VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers. The
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// method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and a results channel to
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// retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of the input slice).
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func (c *Clique) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
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abort := make(chan struct{})
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results := make(chan error, len(headers))
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go func() {
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for i, header := range headers {
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err := c.verifyHeader(chain, header, headers[:i])
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select {
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case <-abort:
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return
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case results <- err:
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}
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}
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}()
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return abort, results
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}
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// verifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules.The
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// caller may optionally pass in a batch of parents (ascending order) to avoid
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// looking those up from the database. This is useful for concurrently verifying
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// a batch of new headers.
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func (c *Clique) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, parents []*types.Header) error {
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if header.Number == nil {
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return errUnknownBlock
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}
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number := header.Number.Uint64()
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// Don't waste time checking blocks from the future
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if header.Time > uint64(time.Now().Unix()) {
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return consensus.ErrFutureBlock
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}
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// Checkpoint blocks need to enforce zero beneficiary
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checkpoint := (number % c.config.Epoch) == 0
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if checkpoint && header.Coinbase != (common.Address{}) {
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return errInvalidCheckpointBeneficiary
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}
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// Nonces must be 0x00..0 or 0xff..f, zeroes enforced on checkpoints
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if !bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote) && !bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote) {
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return errInvalidVote
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}
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if checkpoint && !bytes.Equal(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote) {
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return errInvalidCheckpointVote
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}
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// Check that the extra-data contains both the vanity and signature
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if len(header.Extra) < extraVanity {
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return errMissingVanity
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}
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if len(header.Extra) < extraVanity+extraSeal {
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return errMissingSignature
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}
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// Ensure that the extra-data contains a signer list on checkpoint, but none otherwise
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signersBytes := len(header.Extra) - extraVanity - extraSeal
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if !checkpoint && signersBytes != 0 {
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return errExtraSigners
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}
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if checkpoint && signersBytes%common.AddressLength != 0 {
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return errInvalidCheckpointSigners
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}
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// Ensure that the mix digest is zero as we don't have fork protection currently
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if header.MixDigest != (common.Hash{}) {
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return errInvalidMixDigest
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}
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// Ensure that the block doesn't contain any uncles which are meaningless in PoA
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if header.UncleHash != uncleHash {
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return errInvalidUncleHash
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}
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// Ensure that the block's difficulty is meaningful (may not be correct at this point)
|
|
|
|
if number > 0 {
|
|
|
|
if header.Difficulty == nil || (header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) != 0 && header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffNoTurn) != 0) {
|
|
|
|
return errInvalidDifficulty
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-10-10 03:54:47 -05:00
|
|
|
// If all checks passed, validate any special fields for hard forks
|
|
|
|
if err := misc.VerifyForkHashes(chain.Config(), header, false); err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return err
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// All basic checks passed, verify cascading fields
|
|
|
|
return c.verifyCascadingFields(chain, header, parents)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// verifyCascadingFields verifies all the header fields that are not standalone,
|
|
|
|
// rather depend on a batch of previous headers. The caller may optionally pass
|
|
|
|
// in a batch of parents (ascending order) to avoid looking those up from the
|
|
|
|
// database. This is useful for concurrently verifying a batch of new headers.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) verifyCascadingFields(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, parents []*types.Header) error {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// The genesis block is the always valid dead-end
|
|
|
|
number := header.Number.Uint64()
|
|
|
|
if number == 0 {
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
2019-10-28 02:57:34 -05:00
|
|
|
// Ensure that the block's timestamp isn't too close to its parent
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
var parent *types.Header
|
|
|
|
if len(parents) > 0 {
|
|
|
|
parent = parents[len(parents)-1]
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
parent = chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, number-1)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if parent == nil || parent.Number.Uint64() != number-1 || parent.Hash() != header.ParentHash {
|
|
|
|
return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
|
|
|
|
}
|
2019-04-02 15:28:48 -05:00
|
|
|
if parent.Time+c.config.Period > header.Time {
|
2020-05-27 09:12:13 -05:00
|
|
|
return errInvalidTimestamp
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Retrieve the snapshot needed to verify this header and cache it
|
|
|
|
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, parents)
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// If the block is a checkpoint block, verify the signer list
|
|
|
|
if number%c.config.Epoch == 0 {
|
|
|
|
signers := make([]byte, len(snap.Signers)*common.AddressLength)
|
|
|
|
for i, signer := range snap.signers() {
|
|
|
|
copy(signers[i*common.AddressLength:], signer[:])
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
extraSuffix := len(header.Extra) - extraSeal
|
|
|
|
if !bytes.Equal(header.Extra[extraVanity:extraSuffix], signers) {
|
2018-09-10 09:12:39 -05:00
|
|
|
return errMismatchingCheckpointSigners
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// All basic checks passed, verify the seal and return
|
|
|
|
return c.verifySeal(chain, header, parents)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// snapshot retrieves the authorization snapshot at a given point in time.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) snapshot(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, number uint64, hash common.Hash, parents []*types.Header) (*Snapshot, error) {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// Search for a snapshot in memory or on disk for checkpoints
|
|
|
|
var (
|
|
|
|
headers []*types.Header
|
2017-04-12 07:37:10 -05:00
|
|
|
snap *Snapshot
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
for snap == nil {
|
|
|
|
// If an in-memory snapshot was found, use that
|
|
|
|
if s, ok := c.recents.Get(hash); ok {
|
2017-04-12 07:37:10 -05:00
|
|
|
snap = s.(*Snapshot)
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// If an on-disk checkpoint snapshot can be found, use that
|
|
|
|
if number%checkpointInterval == 0 {
|
2017-05-29 14:05:30 -05:00
|
|
|
if s, err := loadSnapshot(c.config, c.signatures, c.db, hash); err == nil {
|
2018-05-19 03:39:41 -05:00
|
|
|
log.Trace("Loaded voting snapshot from disk", "number", number, "hash", hash)
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
snap = s
|
|
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
2019-05-15 06:33:33 -05:00
|
|
|
// If we're at the genesis, snapshot the initial state. Alternatively if we're
|
|
|
|
// at a checkpoint block without a parent (light client CHT), or we have piled
|
|
|
|
// up more headers than allowed to be reorged (chain reinit from a freezer),
|
|
|
|
// consider the checkpoint trusted and snapshot it.
|
2020-07-13 04:02:54 -05:00
|
|
|
if number == 0 || (number%c.config.Epoch == 0 && (len(headers) > params.FullImmutabilityThreshold || chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number-1) == nil)) {
|
2018-08-21 06:39:28 -05:00
|
|
|
checkpoint := chain.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
|
|
|
|
if checkpoint != nil {
|
|
|
|
hash := checkpoint.Hash()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
signers := make([]common.Address, (len(checkpoint.Extra)-extraVanity-extraSeal)/common.AddressLength)
|
|
|
|
for i := 0; i < len(signers); i++ {
|
|
|
|
copy(signers[i][:], checkpoint.Extra[extraVanity+i*common.AddressLength:])
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
snap = newSnapshot(c.config, c.signatures, number, hash, signers)
|
|
|
|
if err := snap.store(c.db); err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return nil, err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
log.Info("Stored checkpoint snapshot to disk", "number", number, "hash", hash)
|
|
|
|
break
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// No snapshot for this header, gather the header and move backward
|
|
|
|
var header *types.Header
|
|
|
|
if len(parents) > 0 {
|
|
|
|
// If we have explicit parents, pick from there (enforced)
|
|
|
|
header = parents[len(parents)-1]
|
|
|
|
if header.Hash() != hash || header.Number.Uint64() != number {
|
|
|
|
return nil, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
parents = parents[:len(parents)-1]
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
// No explicit parents (or no more left), reach out to the database
|
|
|
|
header = chain.GetHeader(hash, number)
|
|
|
|
if header == nil {
|
|
|
|
return nil, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
headers = append(headers, header)
|
|
|
|
number, hash = number-1, header.ParentHash
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Previous snapshot found, apply any pending headers on top of it
|
|
|
|
for i := 0; i < len(headers)/2; i++ {
|
|
|
|
headers[i], headers[len(headers)-1-i] = headers[len(headers)-1-i], headers[i]
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
snap, err := snap.apply(headers)
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return nil, err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
c.recents.Add(snap.Hash, snap)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// If we've generated a new checkpoint snapshot, save to disk
|
|
|
|
if snap.Number%checkpointInterval == 0 && len(headers) > 0 {
|
|
|
|
if err = snap.store(c.db); err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return nil, err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
log.Trace("Stored voting snapshot to disk", "number", snap.Number, "hash", snap.Hash)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return snap, err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// VerifyUncles implements consensus.Engine, always returning an error for any
|
|
|
|
// uncles as this consensus mechanism doesn't permit uncles.
|
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) VerifyUncles(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Block) error {
|
|
|
|
if len(block.Uncles()) > 0 {
|
|
|
|
return errors.New("uncles not allowed")
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// VerifySeal implements consensus.Engine, checking whether the signature contained
|
|
|
|
// in the header satisfies the consensus protocol requirements.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) VerifySeal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
return c.verifySeal(chain, header, nil)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// verifySeal checks whether the signature contained in the header satisfies the
|
|
|
|
// consensus protocol requirements. The method accepts an optional list of parent
|
|
|
|
// headers that aren't yet part of the local blockchain to generate the snapshots
|
|
|
|
// from.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) verifySeal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, parents []*types.Header) error {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// Verifying the genesis block is not supported
|
|
|
|
number := header.Number.Uint64()
|
|
|
|
if number == 0 {
|
|
|
|
return errUnknownBlock
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Retrieve the snapshot needed to verify this header and cache it
|
|
|
|
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, parents)
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Resolve the authorization key and check against signers
|
2017-05-29 14:05:30 -05:00
|
|
|
signer, err := ecrecover(header, c.signatures)
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return err
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if _, ok := snap.Signers[signer]; !ok {
|
2018-09-10 09:12:39 -05:00
|
|
|
return errUnauthorizedSigner
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for seen, recent := range snap.Recents {
|
|
|
|
if recent == signer {
|
2017-06-19 21:12:48 -05:00
|
|
|
// Signer is among recents, only fail if the current block doesn't shift it out
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); seen > number-limit {
|
2018-09-10 09:12:39 -05:00
|
|
|
return errRecentlySigned
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-06-19 21:12:48 -05:00
|
|
|
// Ensure that the difficulty corresponds to the turn-ness of the signer
|
2018-09-10 09:12:39 -05:00
|
|
|
if !c.fakeDiff {
|
|
|
|
inturn := snap.inturn(header.Number.Uint64(), signer)
|
|
|
|
if inturn && header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffInTurn) != 0 {
|
|
|
|
return errWrongDifficulty
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if !inturn && header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffNoTurn) != 0 {
|
|
|
|
return errWrongDifficulty
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Prepare implements consensus.Engine, preparing all the consensus fields of the
|
|
|
|
// header for running the transactions on top.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) Prepare(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
|
2017-06-12 07:45:17 -05:00
|
|
|
// If the block isn't a checkpoint, cast a random vote (good enough for now)
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
header.Coinbase = common.Address{}
|
|
|
|
header.Nonce = types.BlockNonce{}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
number := header.Number.Uint64()
|
2017-06-23 03:05:20 -05:00
|
|
|
// Assemble the voting snapshot to check which votes make sense
|
2017-06-14 03:49:33 -05:00
|
|
|
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, nil)
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return err
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
if number%c.config.Epoch != 0 {
|
|
|
|
c.lock.RLock()
|
2017-06-23 03:05:20 -05:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Gather all the proposals that make sense voting on
|
|
|
|
addresses := make([]common.Address, 0, len(c.proposals))
|
2017-06-14 03:49:33 -05:00
|
|
|
for address, authorize := range c.proposals {
|
|
|
|
if snap.validVote(address, authorize) {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
addresses = append(addresses, address)
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-06-14 03:49:33 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
2017-06-23 03:05:20 -05:00
|
|
|
// If there's pending proposals, cast a vote on them
|
2017-06-14 03:49:33 -05:00
|
|
|
if len(addresses) > 0 {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
header.Coinbase = addresses[rand.Intn(len(addresses))]
|
|
|
|
if c.proposals[header.Coinbase] {
|
|
|
|
copy(header.Nonce[:], nonceAuthVote)
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
copy(header.Nonce[:], nonceDropVote)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
c.lock.RUnlock()
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-06-14 03:49:33 -05:00
|
|
|
// Set the correct difficulty
|
2017-12-22 06:37:50 -06:00
|
|
|
header.Difficulty = CalcDifficulty(snap, c.signer)
|
|
|
|
|
2019-10-28 02:57:34 -05:00
|
|
|
// Ensure the extra data has all its components
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
if len(header.Extra) < extraVanity {
|
|
|
|
header.Extra = append(header.Extra, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x00}, extraVanity-len(header.Extra))...)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
header.Extra = header.Extra[:extraVanity]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if number%c.config.Epoch == 0 {
|
|
|
|
for _, signer := range snap.signers() {
|
|
|
|
header.Extra = append(header.Extra, signer[:]...)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
header.Extra = append(header.Extra, make([]byte, extraSeal)...)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Mix digest is reserved for now, set to empty
|
|
|
|
header.MixDigest = common.Hash{}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Ensure the timestamp has the correct delay
|
|
|
|
parent := chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, number-1)
|
|
|
|
if parent == nil {
|
|
|
|
return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
|
|
|
|
}
|
2019-04-02 15:28:48 -05:00
|
|
|
header.Time = parent.Time + c.config.Period
|
|
|
|
if header.Time < uint64(time.Now().Unix()) {
|
|
|
|
header.Time = uint64(time.Now().Unix())
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Finalize implements consensus.Engine, ensuring no uncles are set, nor block
|
2019-04-30 08:42:36 -05:00
|
|
|
// rewards given.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) Finalize(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, state *state.StateDB, txs []*types.Transaction, uncles []*types.Header) {
|
2019-04-30 08:42:36 -05:00
|
|
|
// No block rewards in PoA, so the state remains as is and uncles are dropped
|
|
|
|
header.Root = state.IntermediateRoot(chain.Config().IsEIP158(header.Number))
|
|
|
|
header.UncleHash = types.CalcUncleHash(nil)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// FinalizeAndAssemble implements consensus.Engine, ensuring no uncles are set,
|
|
|
|
// nor block rewards given, and returns the final block.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) FinalizeAndAssemble(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, state *state.StateDB, txs []*types.Transaction, uncles []*types.Header, receipts []*types.Receipt) (*types.Block, error) {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// No block rewards in PoA, so the state remains as is and uncles are dropped
|
|
|
|
header.Root = state.IntermediateRoot(chain.Config().IsEIP158(header.Number))
|
|
|
|
header.UncleHash = types.CalcUncleHash(nil)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Assemble and return the final block for sealing
|
|
|
|
return types.NewBlock(header, txs, nil, receipts), nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Authorize injects a private key into the consensus engine to mint new blocks
|
|
|
|
// with.
|
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) Authorize(signer common.Address, signFn SignerFn) {
|
|
|
|
c.lock.Lock()
|
|
|
|
defer c.lock.Unlock()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c.signer = signer
|
|
|
|
c.signFn = signFn
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Seal implements consensus.Engine, attempting to create a sealed block using
|
|
|
|
// the local signing credentials.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) Seal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, block *types.Block, results chan<- *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) error {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
header := block.Header()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Sealing the genesis block is not supported
|
|
|
|
number := header.Number.Uint64()
|
|
|
|
if number == 0 {
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
return errUnknownBlock
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
2017-10-24 05:40:42 -05:00
|
|
|
// For 0-period chains, refuse to seal empty blocks (no reward but would spin sealing)
|
|
|
|
if c.config.Period == 0 && len(block.Transactions()) == 0 {
|
2018-09-19 04:06:55 -05:00
|
|
|
log.Info("Sealing paused, waiting for transactions")
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
2017-10-24 05:40:42 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// Don't hold the signer fields for the entire sealing procedure
|
|
|
|
c.lock.RLock()
|
|
|
|
signer, signFn := c.signer, c.signFn
|
|
|
|
c.lock.RUnlock()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Bail out if we're unauthorized to sign a block
|
|
|
|
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, number-1, header.ParentHash, nil)
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
return err
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if _, authorized := snap.Signers[signer]; !authorized {
|
2018-09-10 09:12:39 -05:00
|
|
|
return errUnauthorizedSigner
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
2017-06-12 07:45:17 -05:00
|
|
|
// If we're amongst the recent signers, wait for the next block
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
for seen, recent := range snap.Recents {
|
|
|
|
if recent == signer {
|
2017-06-19 21:12:48 -05:00
|
|
|
// Signer is among recents, only wait if the current block doesn't shift it out
|
2017-05-03 03:01:06 -05:00
|
|
|
if limit := uint64(len(snap.Signers)/2 + 1); number < limit || seen > number-limit {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
log.Info("Signed recently, must wait for others")
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
return nil
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Sweet, the protocol permits us to sign the block, wait for our time
|
2019-04-02 15:28:48 -05:00
|
|
|
delay := time.Unix(int64(header.Time), 0).Sub(time.Now()) // nolint: gosimple
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
if header.Difficulty.Cmp(diffNoTurn) == 0 {
|
|
|
|
// It's not our turn explicitly to sign, delay it a bit
|
|
|
|
wiggle := time.Duration(len(snap.Signers)/2+1) * wiggleTime
|
|
|
|
delay += time.Duration(rand.Int63n(int64(wiggle)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
log.Trace("Out-of-turn signing requested", "wiggle", common.PrettyDuration(wiggle))
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Sign all the things!
|
signer, clef: implement EIP191/712 (#17789)
* Named functions and defined a basic EIP191 content type list
* Written basic content type functions
* Added ecRecover method in the clef api
* Updated the extapi changelog and addded indications in the README
* Changed the version of the external API
* Added tests for 0x45
* Implementing UnmarshalJSON() for TypedData
* Working on TypedData
* Solved the auditlog issue
* Changed method to signTypedData
* Changed mimes and implemented the 'encodeType' function for EIP-712
* Polished docstrings, ran goimports and swapped fmt.Errorf with errors.New where possible
* Drafted recursive encodeData
* Ran goimports and gofmt
* Drafted first version of EIP-712, including tests
* Temporarily switched to using common.Address in tests
* Drafted text/validator and and rewritten []byte as hexutil.Bytes
* Solved stringified address encoding issue
* Changed the property type required by signData from bytes to interface{}
* Fixed bugs in 'data/typed' signs
* Brought legal warning back after temporarily disabling it for development
* Added example RPC calls for account_signData and account_signTypedData
* Named functions and defined a basic EIP191 content type list
* Written basic content type functions
* Added ecRecover method in the clef api
* Updated the extapi changelog and addded indications in the README
* Added tests for 0x45
* Implementing UnmarshalJSON() for TypedData
* Working on TypedData
* Solved the auditlog issue
* Changed method to signTypedData
* Changed mimes and implemented the 'encodeType' function for EIP-712
* Polished docstrings, ran goimports and swapped fmt.Errorf with errors.New where possible
* Drafted recursive encodeData
* Ran goimports and gofmt
* Drafted first version of EIP-712, including tests
* Temporarily switched to using common.Address in tests
* Drafted text/validator and and rewritten []byte as hexutil.Bytes
* Solved stringified address encoding issue
* Changed the property type required by signData from bytes to interface{}
* Fixed bugs in 'data/typed' signs
* Brought legal warning back after temporarily disabling it for development
* Added example RPC calls for account_signData and account_signTypedData
* Polished and fixed PR
* Polished and fixed PR
* Solved malformed data panics and also wrote tests
* Solved malformed data panics and also wrote tests
* Added alphabetical sorting to type dependencies
* Added alphabetical sorting to type dependencies
* Added pretty print to data/typed UI
* Added pretty print to data/typed UI
* signer: more tests for typed data
* signer: more tests for typed data
* Fixed TestMalformedData4 errors and renamed IsValid to Validate
* Fixed TestMalformedData4 errors and renamed IsValid to Validate
* Fixed more new failing tests and deanonymised some functions
* Fixed more new failing tests and deanonymised some functions
* Added types to EIP712 output in cliui
* Added types to EIP712 output in cliui
* Fixed regexp issues
* Fixed regexp issues
* Added pseudo-failing test
* Added pseudo-failing test
* Fixed false positive test
* Fixed false positive test
* Added PrettyPrint method
* Added PrettyPrint method
* signer: refactor formatting and UI
* signer: make ui use new message format for signing
* Fixed breaking changes
* Fixed rules_test failing test
* Added extra regexp for reference types
* signer: more hard types
* Fixed failing test, formatted files
* signer: use golang/x keccak
* Fixed goimports error
* clef, signer: address some review concerns
* Implemented latest recommendations
* Fixed comments and uintint256 issue
* accounts, signer: fix mimetypes, add interface to sign data with passphrase
* signer, accounts: remove duplicated code, pass hash preimages to signing
* signer: prevent panic in type assertions, make cliui print rawdata as quotable-safe
* signer: linter fixes, remove deprecated crypto dependency
* accounts: fix goimport
2019-02-06 01:30:49 -06:00
|
|
|
sighash, err := signFn(accounts.Account{Address: signer}, accounts.MimetypeClique, CliqueRLP(header))
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
return err
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
copy(header.Extra[len(header.Extra)-extraSeal:], sighash)
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
// Wait until sealing is terminated or delay timeout.
|
|
|
|
log.Trace("Waiting for slot to sign and propagate", "delay", common.PrettyDuration(delay))
|
|
|
|
go func() {
|
|
|
|
select {
|
|
|
|
case <-stop:
|
|
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
case <-time.After(delay):
|
|
|
|
}
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
select {
|
|
|
|
case results <- block.WithSeal(header):
|
|
|
|
default:
|
accounts, eth, clique, signer: support for external signer API (#18079)
* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend
* signer: implement account_Version on external API
* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright
* accounts, internal, signer: formatting
* node: go fmt
* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner
* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic
* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests
* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle
* clique: remove unused import
* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto
* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding
2019-02-05 04:23:57 -06:00
|
|
|
log.Warn("Sealing result is not read by miner", "sealhash", SealHash(header))
|
2018-08-28 08:59:05 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}()
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-12-22 06:37:50 -06:00
|
|
|
// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns the difficulty
|
|
|
|
// that a new block should have based on the previous blocks in the chain and the
|
|
|
|
// current signer.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
|
2017-12-22 06:37:50 -06:00
|
|
|
snap, err := c.snapshot(chain, parent.Number.Uint64(), parent.Hash(), nil)
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return CalcDifficulty(snap, c.signer)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns the difficulty
|
|
|
|
// that a new block should have based on the previous blocks in the chain and the
|
|
|
|
// current signer.
|
|
|
|
func CalcDifficulty(snap *Snapshot, signer common.Address) *big.Int {
|
|
|
|
if snap.inturn(snap.Number+1, signer) {
|
|
|
|
return new(big.Int).Set(diffInTurn)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return new(big.Int).Set(diffNoTurn)
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2018-08-23 08:02:57 -05:00
|
|
|
// SealHash returns the hash of a block prior to it being sealed.
|
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) SealHash(header *types.Header) common.Hash {
|
accounts, eth, clique, signer: support for external signer API (#18079)
* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend
* signer: implement account_Version on external API
* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright
* accounts, internal, signer: formatting
* node: go fmt
* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner
* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic
* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests
* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle
* clique: remove unused import
* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto
* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding
2019-02-05 04:23:57 -06:00
|
|
|
return SealHash(header)
|
2018-08-23 08:02:57 -05:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2018-11-14 06:50:30 -06:00
|
|
|
// Close implements consensus.Engine. It's a noop for clique as there are no background threads.
|
2018-08-03 03:33:37 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) Close() error {
|
|
|
|
return nil
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning the user facing RPC API to allow
|
|
|
|
// controlling the signer voting.
|
2020-07-28 10:02:35 -05:00
|
|
|
func (c *Clique) APIs(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API {
|
2017-04-10 05:24:12 -05:00
|
|
|
return []rpc.API{{
|
|
|
|
Namespace: "clique",
|
|
|
|
Version: "1.0",
|
|
|
|
Service: &API{chain: chain, clique: c},
|
|
|
|
Public: false,
|
|
|
|
}}
|
|
|
|
}
|
accounts, eth, clique, signer: support for external signer API (#18079)
* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend
* signer: implement account_Version on external API
* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright
* accounts, internal, signer: formatting
* node: go fmt
* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner
* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic
* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests
* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle
* clique: remove unused import
* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto
* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding
2019-02-05 04:23:57 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// SealHash returns the hash of a block prior to it being sealed.
|
|
|
|
func SealHash(header *types.Header) (hash common.Hash) {
|
|
|
|
hasher := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
|
|
|
|
encodeSigHeader(hasher, header)
|
|
|
|
hasher.Sum(hash[:0])
|
|
|
|
return hash
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// CliqueRLP returns the rlp bytes which needs to be signed for the proof-of-authority
|
|
|
|
// sealing. The RLP to sign consists of the entire header apart from the 65 byte signature
|
|
|
|
// contained at the end of the extra data.
|
|
|
|
//
|
|
|
|
// Note, the method requires the extra data to be at least 65 bytes, otherwise it
|
|
|
|
// panics. This is done to avoid accidentally using both forms (signature present
|
|
|
|
// or not), which could be abused to produce different hashes for the same header.
|
|
|
|
func CliqueRLP(header *types.Header) []byte {
|
|
|
|
b := new(bytes.Buffer)
|
|
|
|
encodeSigHeader(b, header)
|
|
|
|
return b.Bytes()
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
func encodeSigHeader(w io.Writer, header *types.Header) {
|
|
|
|
err := rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
|
|
|
|
header.ParentHash,
|
|
|
|
header.UncleHash,
|
|
|
|
header.Coinbase,
|
|
|
|
header.Root,
|
|
|
|
header.TxHash,
|
|
|
|
header.ReceiptHash,
|
|
|
|
header.Bloom,
|
|
|
|
header.Difficulty,
|
|
|
|
header.Number,
|
|
|
|
header.GasLimit,
|
|
|
|
header.GasUsed,
|
|
|
|
header.Time,
|
2019-08-22 08:14:06 -05:00
|
|
|
header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-crypto.SignatureLength], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short
|
accounts, eth, clique, signer: support for external signer API (#18079)
* accounts, eth, clique: implement external backend + move sighash calc to backend
* signer: implement account_Version on external API
* accounts/external: enable ipc, add copyright
* accounts, internal, signer: formatting
* node: go fmt
* flags: disallow --dev in combo with --externalsigner
* accounts: remove clique-specific signing method, replace with more generic
* accounts, consensus: formatting + fix error in tests
* signer/core: remove (test-) import cycle
* clique: remove unused import
* accounts: remove CliqueHash and avoid dependency on package crypto
* consensus/clique: unduplicate header encoding
2019-02-05 04:23:57 -06:00
|
|
|
header.MixDigest,
|
|
|
|
header.Nonce,
|
|
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
if err != nil {
|
|
|
|
panic("can't encode: " + err.Error())
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|