340 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
340 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
|
HIDAPI library for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and Mac OS X
|
||
|
|
=========================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
About
|
||
|
|
======
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI is a multi-platform library which allows an application to interface
|
||
|
|
with USB and Bluetooth HID-Class devices on Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, and Mac
|
||
|
|
OS X. HIDAPI can be either built as a shared library (.so or .dll) or
|
||
|
|
can be embedded directly into a target application by adding a single source
|
||
|
|
file (per platform) and a single header.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI has four back-ends:
|
||
|
|
* Windows (using hid.dll)
|
||
|
|
* Linux/hidraw (using the Kernel's hidraw driver)
|
||
|
|
* Linux/libusb (using libusb-1.0)
|
||
|
|
* FreeBSD (using libusb-1.0)
|
||
|
|
* Mac (using IOHidManager)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
On Linux, either the hidraw or the libusb back-end can be used. There are
|
||
|
|
tradeoffs, and the functionality supported is slightly different.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Linux/hidraw (linux/hid.c):
|
||
|
|
This back-end uses the hidraw interface in the Linux kernel. While this
|
||
|
|
back-end will support both USB and Bluetooth, it has some limitations on
|
||
|
|
kernels prior to 2.6.39, including the inability to send or receive feature
|
||
|
|
reports. In addition, it will only communicate with devices which have
|
||
|
|
hidraw nodes associated with them. Keyboards, mice, and some other devices
|
||
|
|
which are blacklisted from having hidraw nodes will not work. Fortunately,
|
||
|
|
for nearly all the uses of hidraw, this is not a problem.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Linux/FreeBSD/libusb (libusb/hid.c):
|
||
|
|
This back-end uses libusb-1.0 to communicate directly to a USB device. This
|
||
|
|
back-end will of course not work with Bluetooth devices.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI also comes with a Test GUI. The Test GUI is cross-platform and uses
|
||
|
|
Fox Toolkit (http://www.fox-toolkit.org). It will build on every platform
|
||
|
|
which HIDAPI supports. Since it relies on a 3rd party library, building it
|
||
|
|
is optional but recommended because it is so useful when debugging hardware.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
What Does the API Look Like?
|
||
|
|
=============================
|
||
|
|
The API provides the the most commonly used HID functions including sending
|
||
|
|
and receiving of input, output, and feature reports. The sample program,
|
||
|
|
which communicates with a heavily hacked up version of the Microchip USB
|
||
|
|
Generic HID sample looks like this (with error checking removed for
|
||
|
|
simplicity):
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#ifdef WIN32
|
||
|
|
#include <windows.h>
|
||
|
|
#endif
|
||
|
|
#include <stdio.h>
|
||
|
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||
|
|
#include "hidapi.h"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#define MAX_STR 255
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
int res;
|
||
|
|
unsigned char buf[65];
|
||
|
|
wchar_t wstr[MAX_STR];
|
||
|
|
hid_device *handle;
|
||
|
|
int i;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Initialize the hidapi library
|
||
|
|
res = hid_init();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Open the device using the VID, PID,
|
||
|
|
// and optionally the Serial number.
|
||
|
|
handle = hid_open(0x4d8, 0x3f, NULL);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Read the Manufacturer String
|
||
|
|
res = hid_get_manufacturer_string(handle, wstr, MAX_STR);
|
||
|
|
wprintf(L"Manufacturer String: %s\n", wstr);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Read the Product String
|
||
|
|
res = hid_get_product_string(handle, wstr, MAX_STR);
|
||
|
|
wprintf(L"Product String: %s\n", wstr);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Read the Serial Number String
|
||
|
|
res = hid_get_serial_number_string(handle, wstr, MAX_STR);
|
||
|
|
wprintf(L"Serial Number String: (%d) %s\n", wstr[0], wstr);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Read Indexed String 1
|
||
|
|
res = hid_get_indexed_string(handle, 1, wstr, MAX_STR);
|
||
|
|
wprintf(L"Indexed String 1: %s\n", wstr);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Toggle LED (cmd 0x80). The first byte is the report number (0x0).
|
||
|
|
buf[0] = 0x0;
|
||
|
|
buf[1] = 0x80;
|
||
|
|
res = hid_write(handle, buf, 65);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Request state (cmd 0x81). The first byte is the report number (0x0).
|
||
|
|
buf[0] = 0x0;
|
||
|
|
buf[1] = 0x81;
|
||
|
|
res = hid_write(handle, buf, 65);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Read requested state
|
||
|
|
res = hid_read(handle, buf, 65);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Print out the returned buffer.
|
||
|
|
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
|
||
|
|
printf("buf[%d]: %d\n", i, buf[i]);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Finalize the hidapi library
|
||
|
|
res = hid_exit();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return 0;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you have your own simple test programs which communicate with standard
|
||
|
|
hardware development boards (such as those from Microchip, TI, Atmel,
|
||
|
|
FreeScale and others), please consider sending me something like the above
|
||
|
|
for inclusion into the HIDAPI source. This will help others who have the
|
||
|
|
same hardware as you do.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
License
|
||
|
|
========
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI may be used by one of three licenses as outlined in LICENSE.txt.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Download
|
||
|
|
=========
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI can be downloaded from github
|
||
|
|
git clone git://github.com/signal11/hidapi.git
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Build Instructions
|
||
|
|
===================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This section is long. Don't be put off by this. It's not long because it's
|
||
|
|
complicated to build HIDAPI; it's quite the opposite. This section is long
|
||
|
|
because of the flexibility of HIDAPI and the large number of ways in which
|
||
|
|
it can be built and used. You will likely pick a single build method.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI can be built in several different ways. If you elect to build a
|
||
|
|
shared library, you will need to build it from the HIDAPI source
|
||
|
|
distribution. If you choose instead to embed HIDAPI directly into your
|
||
|
|
application, you can skip the building and look at the provided platform
|
||
|
|
Makefiles for guidance. These platform Makefiles are located in linux/
|
||
|
|
libusb/ mac/ and windows/ and are called Makefile-manual. In addition,
|
||
|
|
Visual Studio projects are provided. Even if you're going to embed HIDAPI
|
||
|
|
into your project, it is still beneficial to build the example programs.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Prerequisites:
|
||
|
|
---------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Linux:
|
||
|
|
-------
|
||
|
|
On Linux, you will need to install development packages for libudev,
|
||
|
|
libusb and optionally Fox-toolkit (for the test GUI). On
|
||
|
|
Debian/Ubuntu systems these can be installed by running:
|
||
|
|
sudo apt-get install libudev-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libfox-1.6-dev
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you downloaded the source directly from the git repository (using
|
||
|
|
git clone), you'll need Autotools:
|
||
|
|
sudo apt-get install autotools-dev autoconf automake libtool
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
FreeBSD:
|
||
|
|
---------
|
||
|
|
On FreeBSD you will need to install GNU make, libiconv, and
|
||
|
|
optionally Fox-Toolkit (for the test GUI). This is done by running
|
||
|
|
the following:
|
||
|
|
pkg_add -r gmake libiconv fox16
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you downloaded the source directly from the git repository (using
|
||
|
|
git clone), you'll need Autotools:
|
||
|
|
pkg_add -r autotools
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Mac:
|
||
|
|
-----
|
||
|
|
On Mac, you will need to install Fox-Toolkit if you wish to build
|
||
|
|
the Test GUI. There are two ways to do this, and each has a slight
|
||
|
|
complication. Which method you use depends on your use case.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you wish to build the Test GUI just for your own testing on your
|
||
|
|
own computer, then the easiest method is to install Fox-Toolkit
|
||
|
|
using ports:
|
||
|
|
sudo port install fox
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you wish to build the TestGUI app bundle to redistribute to
|
||
|
|
others, you will need to install Fox-toolkit from source. This is
|
||
|
|
because the version of fox that gets installed using ports uses the
|
||
|
|
ports X11 libraries which are not compatible with the Apple X11
|
||
|
|
libraries. If you install Fox with ports and then try to distribute
|
||
|
|
your built app bundle, it will simply fail to run on other systems.
|
||
|
|
To install Fox-Toolkit manually, download the source package from
|
||
|
|
http://www.fox-toolkit.org, extract it, and run the following from
|
||
|
|
within the extracted source:
|
||
|
|
./configure && make && make install
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Windows:
|
||
|
|
---------
|
||
|
|
On Windows, if you want to build the test GUI, you will need to get
|
||
|
|
the hidapi-externals.zip package from the download site. This
|
||
|
|
contains pre-built binaries for Fox-toolkit. Extract
|
||
|
|
hidapi-externals.zip just outside of hidapi, so that
|
||
|
|
hidapi-externals and hidapi are on the same level, as shown:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Parent_Folder
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
+hidapi
|
||
|
|
+hidapi-externals
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Again, this step is not required if you do not wish to build the
|
||
|
|
test GUI.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Building HIDAPI into a shared library on Unix Platforms:
|
||
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
On Unix-like systems such as Linux, FreeBSD, Mac, and even Windows, using
|
||
|
|
Mingw or Cygwin, the easiest way to build a standard system-installed shared
|
||
|
|
library is to use the GNU Autotools build system. If you checked out the
|
||
|
|
source from the git repository, run the following:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
./bootstrap
|
||
|
|
./configure
|
||
|
|
make
|
||
|
|
make install <----- as root, or using sudo
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you downloaded a source package (ie: if you did not run git clone), you
|
||
|
|
can skip the ./bootstrap step.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
./configure can take several arguments which control the build. The two most
|
||
|
|
likely to be used are:
|
||
|
|
--enable-testgui
|
||
|
|
Enable build of the Test GUI. This requires Fox toolkit to
|
||
|
|
be installed. Instructions for installing Fox-Toolkit on
|
||
|
|
each platform are in the Prerequisites section above.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
--prefix=/usr
|
||
|
|
Specify where you want the output headers and libraries to
|
||
|
|
be installed. The example above will put the headers in
|
||
|
|
/usr/include and the binaries in /usr/lib. The default is to
|
||
|
|
install into /usr/local which is fine on most systems.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Building the manual way on Unix platforms:
|
||
|
|
-------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Manual Makefiles are provided mostly to give the user and idea what it takes
|
||
|
|
to build a program which embeds HIDAPI directly inside of it. These should
|
||
|
|
really be used as examples only. If you want to build a system-wide shared
|
||
|
|
library, use the Autotools method described above.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To build HIDAPI using the manual makefiles, change to the directory
|
||
|
|
of your platform and run make. For example, on Linux run:
|
||
|
|
cd linux/
|
||
|
|
make -f Makefile-manual
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To build the Test GUI using the manual makefiles:
|
||
|
|
cd testgui/
|
||
|
|
make -f Makefile-manual
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Building on Windows:
|
||
|
|
---------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To build the HIDAPI DLL on Windows using Visual Studio, build the .sln file
|
||
|
|
in the windows/ directory.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To build the Test GUI on windows using Visual Studio, build the .sln file in
|
||
|
|
the testgui/ directory.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To build HIDAPI using MinGW or Cygwin using Autotools, use the instructions
|
||
|
|
in the section titled "Building HIDAPI into a shared library on Unix
|
||
|
|
Platforms" above. Note that building the Test GUI with MinGW or Cygwin will
|
||
|
|
require the Windows procedure in the Prerequisites section above (ie:
|
||
|
|
hidapi-externals.zip).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To build HIDAPI using MinGW using the Manual Makefiles, see the section
|
||
|
|
"Building the manual way on Unix platforms" above.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
HIDAPI can also be built using the Windows DDK (now also called the Windows
|
||
|
|
Driver Kit or WDK). This method was originally required for the HIDAPI build
|
||
|
|
but not anymore. However, some users still prefer this method. It is not as
|
||
|
|
well supported anymore but should still work. Patches are welcome if it does
|
||
|
|
not. To build using the DDK:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
1. Install the Windows Driver Kit (WDK) from Microsoft.
|
||
|
|
2. From the Start menu, in the Windows Driver Kits folder, select Build
|
||
|
|
Environments, then your operating system, then the x86 Free Build
|
||
|
|
Environment (or one that is appropriate for your system).
|
||
|
|
3. From the console, change directory to the windows/ddk_build/ directory,
|
||
|
|
which is part of the HIDAPI distribution.
|
||
|
|
4. Type build.
|
||
|
|
5. You can find the output files (DLL and LIB) in a subdirectory created
|
||
|
|
by the build system which is appropriate for your environment. On
|
||
|
|
Windows XP, this directory is objfre_wxp_x86/i386.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Cross Compiling
|
||
|
|
================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This section talks about cross compiling HIDAPI for Linux using autotools.
|
||
|
|
This is useful for using HIDAPI on embedded Linux targets. These
|
||
|
|
instructions assume the most raw kind of embedded Linux build, where all
|
||
|
|
prerequisites will need to be built first. This process will of course vary
|
||
|
|
based on your embedded Linux build system if you are using one, such as
|
||
|
|
OpenEmbedded or Buildroot.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
For the purpose of this section, it will be assumed that the following
|
||
|
|
environment variables are exported.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
$ export STAGING=$HOME/out
|
||
|
|
$ export HOST=arm-linux
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
STAGING and HOST can be modified to suit your setup.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Prerequisites
|
||
|
|
--------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Note that the build of libudev is the very basic configuration.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Build Libusb. From the libusb source directory, run:
|
||
|
|
./configure --host=$HOST --prefix=$STAGING
|
||
|
|
make
|
||
|
|
make install
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Build libudev. From the libudev source directory, run:
|
||
|
|
./configure --disable-gudev --disable-introspection --disable-hwdb \
|
||
|
|
--host=$HOST --prefix=$STAGING
|
||
|
|
make
|
||
|
|
make install
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Building HIDAPI
|
||
|
|
----------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Build HIDAPI:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
PKG_CONFIG_DIR= \
|
||
|
|
PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR=$STAGING/lib/pkgconfig:$STAGING/share/pkgconfig \
|
||
|
|
PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=$STAGING \
|
||
|
|
./configure --host=$HOST --prefix=$STAGING
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Signal 11 Software - 2010-04-11
|
||
|
|
2010-07-28
|
||
|
|
2011-09-10
|
||
|
|
2012-05-01
|
||
|
|
2012-07-03
|