go-ethereum/ethchain/vm.go

package ethchain

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethcrypto"
	"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethlog"
	"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethutil"
	"math"
	"math/big"
)

var vmlogger = ethlog.NewLogger("VM")

var (
	GasStep    = big.NewInt(1)
	GasSha     = big.NewInt(20)
	GasSLoad   = big.NewInt(20)
	GasSStore  = big.NewInt(100)
	GasBalance = big.NewInt(20)
	GasCreate  = big.NewInt(100)
	GasCall    = big.NewInt(20)
	GasMemory  = big.NewInt(1)
	GasData    = big.NewInt(5)
	GasTx      = big.NewInt(500)

	LogTyPretty byte = 0x1
	LogTyDiff   byte = 0x2
)

type Debugger interface {
	BreakHook(step int, op OpCode, mem *Memory, stack *Stack, stateObject *StateObject) bool
	StepHook(step int, op OpCode, mem *Memory, stack *Stack, stateObject *StateObject) bool
	BreakPoints() []int64
	SetCode(byteCode []byte)
}

type Vm struct {
	// Stack for processing contracts
	stack *Stack
	// non-persistent key/value memory storage
	mem map[string]*big.Int

	vars RuntimeVars

	state *State

	stateManager *StateManager

	Verbose bool

	logTy  byte
	logStr string

	err error

	// Debugging
	Dbg Debugger

	BreakPoints []int64
	Stepping    bool
	Fn          string
}

type RuntimeVars struct {
	Origin      []byte
	Block       *Block
	BlockNumber *big.Int
	PrevHash    []byte
	Coinbase    []byte
	Time        int64
	Diff        *big.Int
	TxData      []string
	Value       *big.Int
}

func (self *Vm) Printf(format string, v ...interface{}) *Vm {
	if self.Verbose && self.logTy == LogTyPretty {
		self.logStr += fmt.Sprintf(format, v...)
	}

	return self
}

func (self *Vm) Endl() *Vm {
	if self.Verbose && self.logTy == LogTyPretty {
		vmlogger.Debugln(self.logStr)
		self.logStr = ""
	}

	return self
}

func NewVm(state *State, stateManager *StateManager, vars RuntimeVars) *Vm {
	lt := LogTyPretty
	if ethutil.Config.Diff {
		lt = LogTyDiff
	}

	return &Vm{vars: vars, state: state, stateManager: stateManager, logTy: lt}
}

var Pow256 = ethutil.BigPow(2, 256)

var isRequireError = false

func (vm *Vm) RunClosure(closure *Closure) (ret []byte, err error) {
	// Recover from any require exception
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			ret = closure.Return(nil)
			err = fmt.Errorf("%v", r)
			vmlogger.Errorln("vm err", err)
		}
	}()

	// Debug hook
	if vm.Dbg != nil {
		vm.Dbg.SetCode(closure.Script)
	}

	// Don't bother with the execution if there's no code.
	if len(closure.Script) == 0 {
		return closure.Return(nil), nil
	}

	vmlogger.Debugf("(%s) %x gas: %v (d) %x\n", vm.Fn, closure.Address(), closure.Gas, closure.Args)

	var (
		op OpCode

		mem      = &Memory{}
		stack    = NewStack()
		pc       = big.NewInt(0)
		step     = 0
		prevStep = 0
		require  = func(m int) {
			if stack.Len() < m {
				isRequireError = true
				panic(fmt.Sprintf("%04v (%v) stack err size = %d, required = %d", pc, op, stack.Len(), m))
			}
		}
	)

	for {
		prevStep = step
		// The base for all big integer arithmetic
		base := new(big.Int)

		step++
		// Get the memory location of pc
		val := closure.Get(pc)
		// Get the opcode (it must be an opcode!)
		op = OpCode(val.Uint())

		// XXX Leave this Println intact. Don't change this to the log system.
		// Used for creating diffs between implementations
		if vm.logTy == LogTyDiff {
			b := pc.Bytes()
			if len(b) == 0 {
				b = []byte{0}
			}

			fmt.Printf("%x %x %x %x\n", closure.Address(), b, []byte{byte(op)}, closure.Gas.Bytes())
		}

		gas := new(big.Int)
		addStepGasUsage := func(amount *big.Int) {
			if amount.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) >= 0 {
				gas.Add(gas, amount)
			}
		}

		addStepGasUsage(GasStep)

		var newMemSize uint64 = 0
		switch op {
		case STOP:
			gas.Set(ethutil.Big0)
		case SUICIDE:
			gas.Set(ethutil.Big0)
		case SLOAD:
			gas.Set(GasSLoad)
		case SSTORE:
			var mult *big.Int
			y, x := stack.Peekn()
			val := closure.GetStorage(x)
			if val.IsEmpty() && len(y.Bytes()) > 0 {
				mult = ethutil.Big2
			} else if !val.IsEmpty() && len(y.Bytes()) == 0 {
				mult = ethutil.Big0
			} else {
				mult = ethutil.Big1
			}
			gas = new(big.Int).Mul(mult, GasSStore)
		case BALANCE:
			gas.Set(GasBalance)
		case MSTORE:
			require(2)
			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + 32
		case MLOAD:
			require(1)

			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + 32
		case MSTORE8:
			require(2)
			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + 1
		case RETURN:
			require(2)

			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-2].Uint64()
		case SHA3:
			require(2)

			gas.Set(GasSha)

			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-2].Uint64()
		case CALLDATACOPY:
			require(3)

			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-3].Uint64()
		case CODECOPY:
			require(3)

			newMemSize = stack.Peek().Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-3].Uint64()
		case CALL:
			require(7)
			gas.Set(GasCall)
			addStepGasUsage(stack.data[stack.Len()-1])

			x := stack.data[stack.Len()-6].Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-7].Uint64()
			y := stack.data[stack.Len()-4].Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-5].Uint64()

			newMemSize = uint64(math.Max(float64(x), float64(y)))
		case CREATE:
			require(3)
			gas.Set(GasCreate)

			newMemSize = stack.data[stack.Len()-2].Uint64() + stack.data[stack.Len()-3].Uint64()
		}

		newMemSize = (newMemSize + 31) / 32 * 32
		if newMemSize > uint64(mem.Len()) {
			m := GasMemory.Uint64() * (newMemSize - uint64(mem.Len())) / 32
			addStepGasUsage(big.NewInt(int64(m)))
		}

		if !closure.UseGas(gas) {
			err := fmt.Errorf("Insufficient gas for %v. req %v has %v", op, gas, closure.Gas)

			closure.UseGas(closure.Gas)

			return closure.Return(nil), err
		}

		vm.Printf("(pc) %-3d -o- %-14s", pc, op.String())
		vm.Printf(" (g) %-3v (%v)", gas, closure.Gas)

		mem.Resize(newMemSize)

		switch op {
		case LOG:
			stack.Print()
			mem.Print()
			// 0x20 range
		case ADD:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v + %v", y, x)

			base.Add(y, x)

			vm.Printf(" = %v", base)
			// Pop result back on the stack
			stack.Push(base)
		case SUB:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v - %v", y, x)

			base.Sub(y, x)

			vm.Printf(" = %v", base)
			// Pop result back on the stack
			stack.Push(base)
		case MUL:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v * %v", y, x)

			base.Mul(y, x)

			vm.Printf(" = %v", base)
			// Pop result back on the stack
			stack.Push(base)
		case DIV:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v / %v", y, x)

			base.Div(y, x)

			vm.Printf(" = %v", base)
			// Pop result back on the stack
			stack.Push(base)
		case SDIV:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			// n > 2**255
			if x.Cmp(Pow256) > 0 {
				x.Sub(Pow256, x)
			}
			if y.Cmp(Pow256) > 0 {
				y.Sub(Pow256, y)
			}
			z := new(big.Int)
			z.Div(x, y)
			if z.Cmp(Pow256) > 0 {
				z.Sub(Pow256, z)
			}
			// Push result on to the stack
			stack.Push(z)
		case MOD:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()

			vm.Printf(" %v %% %v", y, x)

			base.Mod(y, x)

			vm.Printf(" = %v", base)
			stack.Push(base)
		case SMOD:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			// n > 2**255
			if x.Cmp(Pow256) > 0 {
				x.Sub(Pow256, x)
			}
			if y.Cmp(Pow256) > 0 {
				y.Sub(Pow256, y)
			}
			z := new(big.Int)
			z.Mod(x, y)
			if z.Cmp(Pow256) > 0 {
				z.Sub(Pow256, z)
			}
			// Push result on to the stack
			stack.Push(z)
		case EXP:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()

			vm.Printf(" %v ** %v", y, x)

			base.Exp(y, x, Pow256)

			vm.Printf(" = %v", base)

			stack.Push(base)
		case NEG:
			require(1)
			base.Sub(Pow256, stack.Pop())
			stack.Push(base)
		case LT:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v < %v", y, x)
			// x < y
			if y.Cmp(x) < 0 {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			}
		case GT:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v > %v", y, x)

			// x > y
			if y.Cmp(x) > 0 {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			}

		case SLT:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v < %v", y, x)
			// x < y
			if y.Cmp(x) < 0 {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			}
		case SGT:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v > %v", y, x)

			// x > y
			if y.Cmp(x) > 0 {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			}

		case EQ:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v == %v", y, x)

			// x == y
			if x.Cmp(y) == 0 {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			}
		case NOT:
			require(1)
			x := stack.Pop()
			if x.Cmp(ethutil.BigFalse) > 0 {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
			}

			// 0x10 range
		case AND:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v & %v", y, x)

			stack.Push(base.And(y, x))
		case OR:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v | %v", y, x)

			stack.Push(base.Or(y, x))
		case XOR:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			vm.Printf(" %v ^ %v", y, x)

			stack.Push(base.Xor(y, x))
		case BYTE:
			require(2)
			val, th := stack.Popn()
			if th.Cmp(big.NewInt(32)) < 0 {
				byt := big.NewInt(int64(val.Bytes()[th.Int64()]))
				stack.Push(byt)

				vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", byt.Bytes())
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			}

			// 0x20 range
		case SHA3:
			require(2)
			size, offset := stack.Popn()
			data := ethcrypto.Sha3Bin(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64()))

			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))

			vm.Printf(" => %x", data)
			// 0x30 range
		case ADDRESS:
			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(closure.Address()))

			vm.Printf(" => %x", closure.Address())
		case BALANCE:
			require(1)

			addr := stack.Pop().Bytes()
			balance := vm.state.GetBalance(addr)

			stack.Push(balance)

			vm.Printf(" => %v (%x)", balance, addr)
		case ORIGIN:
			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(vm.vars.Origin))

			vm.Printf(" => %v", vm.vars.Origin)
		case CALLER:
			caller := closure.caller.Address()
			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(caller))

			vm.Printf(" => %x", caller)
		case CALLVALUE:
			stack.Push(vm.vars.Value)

			vm.Printf(" => %v", vm.vars.Value)
		case CALLDATALOAD:
			require(1)
			offset := stack.Pop().Int64()

			data := make([]byte, 32)
			if len(closure.Args) >= int(offset) {
				l := int64(math.Min(float64(offset+32), float64(len(closure.Args))))

				copy(data, closure.Args[offset:l])
			}

			vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", data)

			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))
		case CALLDATASIZE:
			l := int64(len(closure.Args))
			stack.Push(big.NewInt(l))

			vm.Printf(" => %d", l)
		case CALLDATACOPY:
			var (
				size = int64(len(closure.Args))
				mOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
				cOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
				l    = stack.Pop().Int64()
			)

			if cOff > size {
				cOff = 0
				l = 0
			} else if cOff+l > size {
				l = 0
			}

			code := closure.Args[cOff : cOff+l]

			mem.Set(mOff, l, code)
		case CODESIZE:
			l := big.NewInt(int64(len(closure.Script)))
			stack.Push(l)

			vm.Printf(" => %d", l)
		case CODECOPY:
			var (
				size = int64(len(closure.Script))
				mOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
				cOff = stack.Pop().Int64()
				l    = stack.Pop().Int64()
			)

			if cOff > size {
				cOff = 0
				l = 0
			} else if cOff+l > size {
				l = 0
			}

			code := closure.Script[cOff : cOff+l]

			mem.Set(mOff, l, code)
		case GASPRICE:
			stack.Push(closure.Price)

			// 0x40 range
		case PREVHASH:
			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(vm.vars.PrevHash))
		case COINBASE:
			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(vm.vars.Coinbase))
		case TIMESTAMP:
			stack.Push(big.NewInt(vm.vars.Time))
		case NUMBER:
			stack.Push(vm.vars.BlockNumber)
		case DIFFICULTY:
			stack.Push(vm.vars.Diff)
		case GASLIMIT:
			// TODO
			stack.Push(big.NewInt(0))

			// 0x50 range
		case PUSH1, PUSH2, PUSH3, PUSH4, PUSH5, PUSH6, PUSH7, PUSH8, PUSH9, PUSH10, PUSH11, PUSH12, PUSH13, PUSH14, PUSH15, PUSH16, PUSH17, PUSH18, PUSH19, PUSH20, PUSH21, PUSH22, PUSH23, PUSH24, PUSH25, PUSH26, PUSH27, PUSH28, PUSH29, PUSH30, PUSH31, PUSH32:
			a := big.NewInt(int64(op) - int64(PUSH1) + 1)
			pc.Add(pc, ethutil.Big1)
			data := closure.Gets(pc, a)
			val := ethutil.BigD(data.Bytes())
			// Push value to stack
			stack.Push(val)
			pc.Add(pc, a.Sub(a, big.NewInt(1)))

			step += int(op) - int(PUSH1) + 1

			vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", data.Bytes())
		case POP:
			require(1)
			stack.Pop()
		case DUP:
			require(1)
			stack.Push(stack.Peek())

			vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", stack.Peek().Bytes())
		case SWAP:
			require(2)
			x, y := stack.Popn()
			stack.Push(y)
			stack.Push(x)
		case MLOAD:
			require(1)
			offset := stack.Pop()
			val := ethutil.BigD(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
			stack.Push(val)

			vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", val.Bytes())
		case MSTORE: // Store the value at stack top-1 in to memory at location stack top
			require(2)
			// Pop value of the stack
			val, mStart := stack.Popn()
			mem.Set(mStart.Int64(), 32, ethutil.BigToBytes(val, 256))

			vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", val)
		case MSTORE8:
			require(2)
			val, mStart := stack.Popn()
			//base.And(val, new(big.Int).SetInt64(0xff))
			//mem.Set(mStart.Int64(), 32, ethutil.BigToBytes(base, 256))
			mem.store[mStart.Int64()] = byte(val.Int64() & 0xff)

			vm.Printf(" => 0x%x", val)
		case SLOAD:
			require(1)
			loc := stack.Pop()
			val := closure.GetStorage(loc)

			stack.Push(val.BigInt())

			vm.Printf(" {0x%x : 0x%x}", loc.Bytes(), val.Bytes())
		case SSTORE:
			require(2)
			val, loc := stack.Popn()
			closure.SetStorage(loc, ethutil.NewValue(val))

			// Add the change to manifest
			vm.state.manifest.AddStorageChange(closure.Object(), loc.Bytes(), val)

			vm.Printf(" {0x%x : 0x%x}", loc, val)
		case JUMP:
			require(1)
			pc = stack.Pop()
			// Reduce pc by one because of the increment that's at the end of this for loop
			vm.Printf(" ~> %v", pc).Endl()

			continue
		case JUMPI:
			require(2)
			cond, pos := stack.Popn()
			if cond.Cmp(ethutil.BigTrue) >= 0 {
				pc = pos

				vm.Printf(" ~> %v (t)", pc).Endl()

				continue
			} else {
				vm.Printf(" (f)")
			}
		case PC:
			stack.Push(pc)
		case MSIZE:
			stack.Push(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
		case GAS:
			stack.Push(closure.Gas)
			// 0x60 range
		case CREATE:
			require(3)

			var (
				err          error
				value        = stack.Pop()
				size, offset = stack.Popn()

				// Snapshot the current stack so we are able to
				// revert back to it later.
				snapshot = vm.state.Copy()
			)

			// Generate a new address
			addr := ethcrypto.CreateAddress(closure.Address(), closure.N().Uint64())
			for i := uint64(0); vm.state.GetStateObject(addr) != nil; i++ {
				ethcrypto.CreateAddress(closure.Address(), closure.N().Uint64()+i)
			}
			closure.object.Nonce++

			vm.Printf(" (*) %x", addr).Endl()

			// Create a new contract
			contract := vm.state.NewStateObject(addr)
			if contract.Amount.Cmp(value) >= 0 {
				closure.object.SubAmount(value)
				contract.AddAmount(value)

				// Set the init script
				contract.initScript = mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
				// Transfer all remaining gas to the new
				// contract so it may run the init script
				gas := new(big.Int).Set(closure.Gas)
				closure.UseGas(closure.Gas)

				// Create the closure
				c := NewClosure(closure, contract, contract.initScript, vm.state, gas, closure.Price)
				// Call the closure and set the return value as
				// main script.
				contract.script, err = Call(vm, c, nil)
			} else {
				err = fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", value, closure.object.Amount)
			}

			if err != nil {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)

				// Revert the state as it was before.
				vm.state.Set(snapshot)

				vm.Printf("CREATE err %v", err)
			} else {
				stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(addr))
				vm.Printf("CREATE success")
			}
			vm.Endl()

			// Debug hook
			if vm.Dbg != nil {
				vm.Dbg.SetCode(closure.Script)
			}
		case CALL:
			require(7)

			vm.Endl()

			gas := stack.Pop()
			// Pop gas and value of the stack.
			value, addr := stack.Popn()
			// Pop input size and offset
			inSize, inOffset := stack.Popn()
			// Pop return size and offset
			retSize, retOffset := stack.Popn()

			// Get the arguments from the memory
			args := mem.Get(inOffset.Int64(), inSize.Int64())

			if closure.object.Amount.Cmp(value) < 0 {
				vmlogger.Debugf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", value, closure.object.Amount)

				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
			} else {
				snapshot := vm.state.Copy()

				stateObject := vm.state.GetOrNewStateObject(addr.Bytes())

				closure.object.SubAmount(value)
				stateObject.AddAmount(value)

				// Create a new callable closure
				c := NewClosure(closure, stateObject, stateObject.script, vm.state, gas, closure.Price)
				// Executer the closure and get the return value (if any)
				ret, err := Call(vm, c, args)
				if err != nil {
					stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)

					vmlogger.Debugf("Closure execution failed. %v\n", err)

					vm.state.Set(snapshot)
				} else {
					stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)

					mem.Set(retOffset.Int64(), retSize.Int64(), ret)
				}

				// Debug hook
				if vm.Dbg != nil {
					vm.Dbg.SetCode(closure.Script)
				}
			}
		case RETURN:
			require(2)
			size, offset := stack.Popn()
			ret := mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())

			vm.Printf(" => (%d) 0x%x", len(ret), ret).Endl()

			return closure.Return(ret), nil
		case SUICIDE:
			require(1)

			receiver := vm.state.GetOrNewStateObject(stack.Pop().Bytes())

			receiver.AddAmount(closure.object.Amount)

			closure.object.MarkForDeletion()

			fallthrough
		case STOP: // Stop the closure
			vm.Endl()

			return closure.Return(nil), nil
		default:
			vmlogger.Debugf("(pc) %-3v Invalid opcode %x\n", pc, op)
			fmt.Println(Code(closure.Script))

			return closure.Return(nil), fmt.Errorf("Invalid opcode %x", op)
		}

		pc.Add(pc, ethutil.Big1)

		vm.Endl()

		if vm.Dbg != nil {
			for _, instrNo := range vm.Dbg.BreakPoints() {
				if pc.Cmp(big.NewInt(instrNo)) == 0 {
					vm.Stepping = true

					if !vm.Dbg.BreakHook(prevStep, op, mem, stack, closure.Object()) {
						return nil, nil
					}
				} else if vm.Stepping {
					if !vm.Dbg.StepHook(prevStep, op, mem, stack, closure.Object()) {
						return nil, nil
					}
				}
			}
		}

	}
}