go-ethereum/common/math/big.go

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common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// Package math provides integer math utilities.
package math
import (
"fmt"
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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"math/big"
)
var (
tt255 = BigPow(2, 255)
tt256 = BigPow(2, 256)
tt256m1 = new(big.Int).Sub(tt256, big.NewInt(1))
MaxBig256 = new(big.Int).Set(tt256m1)
tt63 = BigPow(2, 63)
MaxBig63 = new(big.Int).Sub(tt63, big.NewInt(1))
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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)
const (
// number of bits in a big.Word
wordBits = 32 << (uint64(^big.Word(0)) >> 63)
// number of bytes in a big.Word
wordBytes = wordBits / 8
)
// HexOrDecimal256 marshals big.Int as hex or decimal.
type HexOrDecimal256 big.Int
// UnmarshalText implements encoding.TextUnmarshaler.
func (i *HexOrDecimal256) UnmarshalText(input []byte) error {
bigint, ok := ParseBig256(string(input))
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid hex or decimal integer %q", input)
}
*i = HexOrDecimal256(*bigint)
return nil
}
// MarshalText implements encoding.TextMarshaler.
func (i *HexOrDecimal256) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
cmd/geth: add --config file flag (#13875) * p2p/discover, p2p/discv5: add marshaling methods to Node * p2p/netutil: make Netlist decodable from TOML * common/math: encode nil HexOrDecimal256 as 0x0 * cmd/geth: add --config file flag * cmd/geth: add missing license header * eth: prettify Config again, fix tests * eth: use gasprice.Config instead of duplicating its fields * eth/gasprice: hide nil default from dumpconfig output * cmd/geth: hide genesis block in dumpconfig output * node: make tests compile * console: fix tests * cmd/geth: make TOML keys look exactly like Go struct fields * p2p: use discovery by default This makes the zero Config slightly more useful. It also fixes package node tests because Node detects reuse of the datadir through the NodeDatabase. * cmd/geth: make ethstats URL settable through config file * cmd/faucet: fix configuration * cmd/geth: dedup attach tests * eth: add comment for DefaultConfig * eth: pass downloader.SyncMode in Config This removes the FastSync, LightSync flags in favour of a more general SyncMode flag. * cmd/utils: remove jitvm flags * cmd/utils: make mutually exclusive flag error prettier It now reads: Fatal: flags --dev, --testnet can't be used at the same time * p2p: fix typo * node: add DefaultConfig, use it for geth * mobile: add missing NoDiscovery option * cmd/utils: drop MakeNode This exposed a couple of places that needed to be updated to use node.DefaultConfig. * node: fix typo * eth: make fast sync the default mode * cmd/utils: remove IPCApiFlag (unused) * node: remove default IPC path Set it in the frontends instead. * cmd/geth: add --syncmode * cmd/utils: make --ipcdisable and --ipcpath mutually exclusive * cmd/utils: don't enable WS, HTTP when setting addr * cmd/utils: fix --identity
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if i == nil {
return []byte("0x0"), nil
}
return []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%#x", (*big.Int)(i))), nil
}
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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// ParseBig256 parses s as a 256 bit integer in decimal or hexadecimal syntax.
// Leading zeros are accepted. The empty string parses as zero.
func ParseBig256(s string) (*big.Int, bool) {
if s == "" {
return new(big.Int), true
}
var bigint *big.Int
var ok bool
if len(s) >= 2 && (s[:2] == "0x" || s[:2] == "0X") {
bigint, ok = new(big.Int).SetString(s[2:], 16)
} else {
bigint, ok = new(big.Int).SetString(s, 10)
}
if ok && bigint.BitLen() > 256 {
bigint, ok = nil, false
}
return bigint, ok
}
// MustParseBig256 parses s as a 256 bit big integer and panics if the string is invalid.
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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func MustParseBig256(s string) *big.Int {
v, ok := ParseBig256(s)
if !ok {
panic("invalid 256 bit integer: " + s)
}
return v
}
// BigPow returns a ** b as a big integer.
func BigPow(a, b int64) *big.Int {
r := big.NewInt(a)
return r.Exp(r, big.NewInt(b), nil)
}
// BigMax returns the larger of x or y.
func BigMax(x, y *big.Int) *big.Int {
if x.Cmp(y) < 0 {
return y
}
return x
}
// BigMin returns the smaller of x or y.
func BigMin(x, y *big.Int) *big.Int {
if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
return y
}
return x
}
// FirstBitSet returns the index of the first 1 bit in v, counting from LSB.
func FirstBitSet(v *big.Int) int {
for i := 0; i < v.BitLen(); i++ {
if v.Bit(i) > 0 {
return i
}
}
return v.BitLen()
}
// PaddedBigBytes encodes a big integer as a big-endian byte slice. The length
// of the slice is at least n bytes.
func PaddedBigBytes(bigint *big.Int, n int) []byte {
if bigint.BitLen()/8 >= n {
return bigint.Bytes()
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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}
ret := make([]byte, n)
ReadBits(bigint, ret)
return ret
}
// bigEndianByteAt returns the byte at position n,
// in Big-Endian encoding
// So n==0 returns the least significant byte
func bigEndianByteAt(bigint *big.Int, n int) byte {
words := bigint.Bits()
// Check word-bucket the byte will reside in
i := n / wordBytes
if i >= len(words) {
return byte(0)
}
word := words[i]
// Offset of the byte
shift := 8 * uint(n%wordBytes)
return byte(word >> shift)
}
// Byte returns the byte at position n,
// with the supplied padlength in Little-Endian encoding.
// n==0 returns the MSB
// Example: bigint '5', padlength 32, n=31 => 5
func Byte(bigint *big.Int, padlength, n int) byte {
if n >= padlength {
return byte(0)
}
return bigEndianByteAt(bigint, padlength-1-n)
}
// ReadBits encodes the absolute value of bigint as big-endian bytes. Callers must ensure
// that buf has enough space. If buf is too short the result will be incomplete.
func ReadBits(bigint *big.Int, buf []byte) {
i := len(buf)
for _, d := range bigint.Bits() {
for j := 0; j < wordBytes && i > 0; j++ {
i--
buf[i] = byte(d)
d >>= 8
}
}
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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}
// U256 encodes as a 256 bit two's complement number. This operation is destructive.
func U256(x *big.Int) *big.Int {
return x.And(x, tt256m1)
}
// S256 interprets x as a two's complement number.
// x must not exceed 256 bits (the result is undefined if it does) and is not modified.
//
// S256(0) = 0
// S256(1) = 1
// S256(2**255) = -2**255
// S256(2**256-1) = -1
func S256(x *big.Int) *big.Int {
if x.Cmp(tt255) < 0 {
return x
}
return new(big.Int).Sub(x, tt256)
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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}
// Exp implements exponentiation by squaring.
// Exp returns a newly-allocated big integer and does not change
// base or exponent. The result is truncated to 256 bits.
//
// Courtesy @karalabe and @chfast
func Exp(base, exponent *big.Int) *big.Int {
result := big.NewInt(1)
for _, word := range exponent.Bits() {
for i := 0; i < wordBits; i++ {
common: move big integer math to common/math (#3699) * common: remove CurrencyToString Move denomination values to params instead. * common: delete dead code * common: move big integer operations to common/math This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and adds tests and documentation. There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256, U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests. The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes(). BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction. Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter. It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present. ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a uint64. The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many places where parsing errors were previously ignored. * common: delete unused big integer variables * accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary * common: remove BytesToBig * common: remove Bytes2Big * common: remove BigTrue * cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag because we don't use it. * core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser * common: remove String2Big * cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag * common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM. * cmd/utils: fixup import
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if word&1 == 1 {
U256(result.Mul(result, base))
}
U256(base.Mul(base, base))
word >>= 1
}
}
return result
}