Fixing #626 with ffmpeg's low default audio bitrate

server/helpers/ffmpeg-utils.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { CONFIG, VIDEO_TRANSCODING_FPS } from '../initializers'
 import { unlinkPromise } from './core-utils'
 import { processImage } from './image-utils'
 import { logger } from './logger'
+import { checkFFmpegEncoders } from '../initializers/checker'
 
 async function getVideoFileResolution (path: string) {
   const videoStream = await getVideoFileStream(path)
@@ -85,12 +86,8 @@ function transcode (options: TranscodeOptions) {
   return new Promise<void>(async (res, rej) => {
     let command = ffmpeg(options.inputPath)
                     .output(options.outputPath)
-                    .videoCodec('libx264')
                     .outputOption('-threads ' + CONFIG.TRANSCODING.THREADS)
-                    .outputOption('-movflags faststart')
-                    .outputOption('-b_strategy 1') // NOTE: b-strategy 1 - heuristic algorythm, 16 is optimal B-frames for it
-                    .outputOption('-bf 16') // NOTE: Why 16: https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/pull/774. b-strategy 2 -> B-frames<16
-                    // .outputOption('-crf 18')
+                    .preset(standard)
 
     let fps = await getVideoFileFPS(options.inputPath)
     if (options.resolution !== undefined) {
@@ -149,3 +146,117 @@ function getVideoFileStream (path: string) {
     })
   })
 }
+
+/**
+ * A slightly customised version of the 'veryfast' x264 preset
+ *
+ * The veryfast preset is right in the sweet spot of performance
+ * and quality. Superfast and ultrafast will give you better
+ * performance, but then quality is noticeably worse.
+ */
+function veryfast (ffmpeg) {
+  ffmpeg
+    .preset(standard)
+    .outputOption('-preset:v veryfast')
+    .outputOption(['--aq-mode=2', '--aq-strength=1.3'])
+  /*
+  MAIN reference: https://slhck.info/video/2017/03/01/rate-control.html
+  Our target situation is closer to a livestream than a stream,
+  since we want to reduce as much a possible the encoding burden,
+  altough not to the point of a livestream where there is a hard
+  constraint on the frames per second to be encoded.
+
+  why '--aq-mode=2 --aq-strength=1.3' instead of '-profile:v main'?
+    Make up for most of the loss of grain and macroblocking
+    with less computing power.
+  */
+}
+
+/**
+ * A preset optimised for a stillimage audio video
+ */
+function audio (ffmpeg) {
+  ffmpeg
+    .preset(veryfast)
+    .outputOption('-tune stillimage')
+}
+
+/**
+ * A toolbox to play with audio
+ */
+namespace audio {
+  export const get = (ffmpeg, pos = 0) => {
+    // without position, ffprobe considers the last input only
+    // we make it consider the first input only
+    ffmpeg
+      .ffprobe(pos, (_,data) => {
+        return data['streams'].find(stream => {
+          return stream['codec_type'] === 'audio'
+        })
+      })
+  }
+
+  export namespace bitrate {
+    export const baseKbitrate = 384
+
+    const toBits = (kbits: number): number => { return kbits * 8000 }
+
+    export const aac = (bitrate: number): number => {
+      switch (true) {
+      case bitrate > toBits(384):
+        return baseKbitrate
+      default:
+        return -1 // we interpret it as a signal to copy the audio stream as is
+      }
+    }
+
+    export const mp3 = (bitrate: number): number => {
+      switch (true) {
+      case bitrate <= toBits(192):
+        return 128
+      case bitrate <= toBits(384):
+        return 256
+      default:
+        return baseKbitrate
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Standard profile, with variable bitrate audio and faststart.
+ *
+ * As for the audio, quality '5' is the highest and ensures 96-112kbps/channel
+ * See https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AAC#fdk_vbr
+ */
+async function standard (ffmpeg) {
+  let _bitrate = audio.bitrate.baseKbitrate
+  let _ffmpeg = ffmpeg
+    .format('mp4')
+    .videoCodec('libx264')
+    .outputOption('-level 3.1') // 3.1 is the minimal ressource allocation for our highest supported resolution
+    .outputOption('-b_strategy 1') // NOTE: b-strategy 1 - heuristic algorythm, 16 is optimal B-frames for it
+    .outputOption('-bf 16') // NOTE: Why 16: https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/pull/774. b-strategy 2 -> B-frames<16
+    .outputOption('-movflags faststart')
+  let _audio = audio.get(_ffmpeg)
+
+  if (!_audio) return _ffmpeg.noAudio()
+
+  // we try to reduce the ceiling bitrate by making rough correspondances of bitrates
+  // of course this is far from perfect, but it might save some space in the end
+  if (audio.bitrate[_audio['codec_name']]) {
+    _bitrate = audio.bitrate[_audio['codec_name']](_audio['bit_rate'])
+    if (_bitrate === -1) {
+      return _ffmpeg.audioCodec('copy')
+    }
+  }
+
+  // we favor VBR, if a good AAC encoder is available
+  if ((await checkFFmpegEncoders()).get('libfdk_aac')) {
+    return _ffmpeg
+      .audioCodec('libfdk_aac')
+      .audioQuality(5)
+  }
+
+  return _ffmpeg.audioBitrate(_bitrate)
+}

server/initializers/checker.ts

@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ function checkMissedConfig () {
 async function checkFFmpeg (CONFIG: { TRANSCODING: { ENABLED: boolean } }) {
   const Ffmpeg = require('fluent-ffmpeg')
   const getAvailableCodecsPromise = promisify0(Ffmpeg.getAvailableCodecs)
-
   const codecs = await getAvailableCodecsPromise()
+  const canEncode = [ 'libx264' ]
+
   if (CONFIG.TRANSCODING.ENABLED === false) return undefined
 
-  const canEncode = [ 'libx264' ]
   for (const codec of canEncode) {
     if (codecs[codec] === undefined) {
       throw new Error('Unknown codec ' + codec + ' in FFmpeg.')
@@ -98,6 +98,29 @@ async function checkFFmpeg (CONFIG: { TRANSCODING: { ENABLED: boolean } }) {
       throw new Error('Unavailable encode codec ' + codec + ' in FFmpeg')
     }
   }
+
+  checkFFmpegEncoders()
+}
+
+// Optional encoders, if present, can be used to improve transcoding
+// Here we ask ffmpeg if it detects their presence on the system, so that we can later use them
+let supportedOptionalEncoders: Map<string, boolean>
+async function checkFFmpegEncoders (): Promise<Map<string, boolean>> {
+  if (supportedOptionalEncoders !== undefined) {
+    return supportedOptionalEncoders
+  }
+
+  const Ffmpeg = require('fluent-ffmpeg')
+  const getAvailableEncodersPromise = promisify0(Ffmpeg.getAvailableEncoders)
+  const encoders = await getAvailableEncodersPromise()
+  const optionalEncoders = [ 'libfdk_aac' ]
+  supportedOptionalEncoders = new Map<string, boolean>()
+
+  for (const encoder of optionalEncoders) {
+    supportedOptionalEncoders.set(encoder,
+      encoders[encoder] !== undefined
+    )
+  }
 }
 
 // We get db by param to not import it in this file (import orders)
@@ -126,6 +149,7 @@ async function applicationExist () {
 export {
   checkConfig,
   checkFFmpeg,
+  checkFFmpegEncoders,
   checkMissedConfig,
   clientsExist,
   usersExist,

server/tests/api/videos/multiple-servers.ts

@@ -209,19 +209,19 @@ describe('Test multiple servers', function () {
           files: [
             {
               resolution: 240,
-              size: 190000
+              size: 100000
             },
             {
               resolution: 360,
-              size: 280000
+              size: 180000
             },
             {
               resolution: 480,
-              size: 390000
+              size: 280000
             },
             {
               resolution: 720,
-              size: 710000
+              size: 630000
             }
           ],
           thumbnailfile: 'thumbnail',
@@ -975,19 +975,19 @@ describe('Test multiple servers', function () {
           files: [
             {
               resolution: 720,
-              size: 40315
+              size: 31000
             },
             {
               resolution: 480,
-              size: 22808
+              size: 16000
             },
             {
               resolution: 360,
-              size: 18617
+              size: 12000
             },
             {
               resolution: 240,
-              size: 15217
+              size: 10000
             }
           ]
         }

server/tests/utils/videos/videos.ts

@@ -522,7 +522,9 @@ async function completeVideoCheck (
 
     const minSize = attributeFile.size - ((10 * attributeFile.size) / 100)
     const maxSize = attributeFile.size + ((10 * attributeFile.size) / 100)
-    expect(file.size).to.be.above(minSize).and.below(maxSize)
+    expect(file.size,
+           'File size for resolution ' + file.resolution.label + ' outside confidence interval.')
+      .to.be.above(minSize).and.below(maxSize)
 
     {
       await testImage(url, attributes.thumbnailfile || attributes.fixture, videoDetails.thumbnailPath)