### Ubuntu 22.04 Quick Install
- Full install and activation uses wget and curl commands to run the full sequence so you don’t have to manually configure everything.

**Automatic Installation (one-liner)**:
```
sudo curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kholia/OSX-KVM/master/wget.install.script | bash
```
**Or `wget` install**:
```
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kholia/OSX-KVM/master/wget.install.script -O wget.install.script
```

#### macOS Recovery and Installation
- Once OpenCore boots, you can download the macOS installer:
```
$ ./fetch-macOS-v2.py
```
Choose from:
```shell
1. High Sierra (10.13)  
2. Mojave (10.14)  
3. Catalina (10.15)  
4. Big Sur (11.7)  
5. Monterey (12.6)  
6. Ventura (13) - **RECOMMENDED**  
7. Sonoma (14)  
8. Sequoia (15)  

Select a product to download (1-8): 6
```
#### Disk Setup
1. Select **Disk Utility** from the OpenCore menu.  
2. Reformat the `256 GB SATA` disk as APFS (or your preferred macOS format).  
3. Exit Disk Utility and go to **Install macOS**, selecting the formatted `SATA` disk.  
4. Follow the on-screen steps to complete the macOS installation.

#### Post-Installation
- After installation completes:
1. Open *KVM* (or *virt-manager*) and create a new VM.  
2. Assign your freshly installed `macOS SATA` disk.  
3. Begin building your new macOS VM with the following settings:  
   - CPU: Match your host cores  
   - RAM: Minimum *8 GB (recommended 16+ GB)*  
   - Network: `VirtIO` or `bridged adapter` 
   - Boot: `OpenCore.qcow2` + `macOS SATA` disk  

- Boot the VM and macOS should start with OpenCore managing the EFI environment.  
- Optionally, you can keep `fetch-macOS-v2.py` handy to upgrade or reinstall newer macOS versions.

---

### Fedora 38+ Quick Install
- Full install and activation uses wget and curl commands to run the full sequence so you don’t have to manually configure packages or dependencies.

**Automatic Installation**:

```
sudo curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kholia/OSX-KVM/master/wget.fedora.install.script | bash
```
**Or `wget` install**:
```
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kholi
a/OSX-KVM/master/wget.fedora.install.script -O wget.fedora.install.script
```

#### macOS Recovery and Installation
- Once OpenCore boots, you can download the macOS installer using:
```
$ ./fetch-macOS-v2.py
```
Choose from:
```
1. High Sierra (10.13)  
2. Mojave (10.14)  
3. Catalina (10.15)  
4. Big Sur (11.7)  
5. Monterey (12.6)  
6. Ventura (13) - **RECOMMENDED**  
7. Sonoma (14)  
8. Sequoia (15)  

Select a product to download (1-8): 6
```
#### Disk Setup
1. Open **Disk Utility** in the OpenCore menu.  
2. Reformat the `256 GB SATA` disk as APFS (or your preferred macOS format).  
3. Exit Disk Utility and select **Install macOS** on the formatted `SATA` disk.  
4. Follow the installer steps to complete macOS setup.

#### Post-Installation
- After installation completes:
1. Open *KVM* (or *virt-manager*)and create a new VM.  
2. Assign the freshly installed `macOS SATA` disk.  
3. Recommended VM settings:  
   - CPU: Match host cores  
   - RAM: Minimum *8 GB(16+ GB preferred)* 
   - Network: `VirtIO` or `bridged adapter` 
   - Boot: `OpenCore.qcow2` + `macOS SATA` disk  

- Boot the VM; OpenCore handles the EFI environment and macOS should load.  
- Keep `fetch-macOS-v2.py` available for future upgrades or reinstallations.  

---

#### Notes
- Fedora users should ensure `kvm` modules are loaded and their user is added to `kvm` and `libvirt` groups.  
- Required Fedora packages installed by the script: `git`, `wget`, `curl`, `python3`, `python3-pip`, `qemu-kvm`, `qemu-img`, `virt-manager`, `libguestfs-tools`, `p7zip`, `make`, `dmg2img`, `tesseract`, `tesseract-langpack-eng`, `genisoimage`, `vim`, `net-tools`, `screen`.  
- Script handles automatic installation and verification of all dependencies.

---

### Note

This `README.md` documents the process of creating a `Virtual Hackintosh`
system.

Note: All blobs and resources included in this repository are re-derivable (all
instructions are included!).

:green_heart: Looking for **commercial** support with this stuff? I am [available
over email](mailto:dhiru.kholia@gmail.com?subject=[GitHub]%20OSX-KVM%20Commercial%20Support%20Request&body=Hi%20-%20We%20are%20interested%20in%20purchasing%20commercial%20support%20options%20for%20your%20project.) for a chat for **commercial support options only**. Note: Project sponsors get access to the `Private OSX-KVM` repository, and direct support.

Struggling with `Content Caching` stuff? We can help.

Working with `Proxmox` and macOS? See [Nick's blog for sure](https://www.nicksherlock.com/).

Yes, we support offline macOS installations now - see [this document](./run_offline.md) 🎉

---

### Contributing Back

This project can always use your help, time and attention. I am looking for
help (pull-requests!) with the following work items:

* Documentation around running macOS on popular cloud providers (Hetzner, GCP,
  AWS). See the `Is This Legal?` section and associated references.

* Document (share) how you use this project to build + test open-source
  projects / get your stuff done.

* Document how to use this project for XNU kernel debugging and development.

* Document the process to launch a bunch of headless macOS VMs (build farm).

* Document usage of [munki](https://github.com/munki/munki) to deploy software
  to such a `build farm`.

* Enable VNC + SSH support out of the box or more easily.

* Robustness improvements are always welcome!

* (Not so) crazy idea - automate the macOS installation via OpenCV.

---

### Requirements

* A modern Linux distribution. E.g. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 64-bit or later.

* QEMU >= 8.2.2

* A CPU with Intel VT-x / AMD SVM support is required (`grep -e vmx -e svm /proc/cpuinfo`)

* A CPU with SSE4.1 support is required for >= macOS Sierra

* A CPU with AVX2 support is required for >= macOS Ventura

> [!Note]
> Older AMD CPU(s) are known to be problematic but modern AMD Ryzen
processors work just fine (even for macOS Sonoma).

---

### Installation Preparation

* Install QEMU and other packages.

```
  sudo apt-get install qemu-system uml-utilities virt-manager git \
      wget libguestfs-tools p7zip-full make dmg2img tesseract-ocr \
      tesseract-ocr-eng genisoimage vim net-tools screen -y
```

- This step may need to be adapted for your Linux distribution.

* Clone this repository on your QEMU system. Files from this repository are used in the following steps.

```
  cd ~

  git clone --depth 1 --recursive https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM.git

  cd OSX-KVM
```

- Repository updates can be pulled via the following command:

```
  git pull --rebase
```

- This repository uses rebase based workflows heavily.

* KVM may need the following tweak on the host machine to work.

```
  sudo modprobe kvm; echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/module/kvm/parameters/ignore_msrs
```

- To make this change permanent, you may use the following command.
- Use `lscpu` if you are not sure.

```
  sudo cp kvm.conf /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf  # for intel boxes only

  sudo cp kvm_amd.conf /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf  # for amd boxes only
```

* Add user to the `kvm` and `libvirt` groups (might be needed).

```
  sudo usermod -aG kvm $(whoami)
  sudo usermod -aG libvirt $(whoami)
  sudo usermod -aG input $(whoami)
```

> [!Note]
> Re-login after executing this command.

* Fetch macOS installer.

```
  ./fetch-macOS-v2.py
```

- You can choose your desired macOS version here. After executing this step, you should have the `BaseSystem.dmg` file in the current folder.

> [!Important]
> Let `>= Big Sur` setup sit at the `Country Selection` screen, and other similar places for a while if things are being slow.
> The initial macOS setup wizard will eventually succeed.

> [!Note]
> 
> Modern NVIDIA GPUs are supported on HighSierra
> But not on later versions of macOS.

* Convert the downloaded `BaseSystem.dmg` file into the `BaseSystem.img` file.

```
  dmg2img -i BaseSystem.dmg BaseSystem.img
```

* Create a virtual HDD image where macOS will be installed. If you change the name of the disk image from `mac_hdd_ng.img` to something else, the boot scripts will need to be updated to point to the new image name.

```
  qemu-img create -f qcow2 mac_hdd_ng.img 256G
```

> [!NOTE]
> Create this HDD image file on a fast SSD/NVMe disk for best results.

* Now you are ready to install macOS 🚀

---

### Manual Installation

- CLI method (primary). Just run the `OpenCore-Boot.sh` script to start the installation process.

```
  ./OpenCore-Boot.sh
```

> [!Note]
> This same script works for all recent macOS versions.

- Use the `Disk Utility` tool within the macOS installer to partition, and format the virtual disk attached to the macOS VM. Use `APFS` (the default) for modern macOS versions.

- Go ahead, and install macOS 🙌

- (OPTIONAL) Use this macOS VM disk with libvirt (virt-manager / virsh stuff).

- Edit `macOS-libvirt-Catalina.xml` file and change the various file paths (search for `CHANGEME` strings in that file). The following command should do the trick usually.

```
    sed "s/CHANGEME/$USER/g" macOS-libvirt-Catalina.xml > macOS.xml

    virt-xml-validate macOS.xml
```

- Create a VM by running the following command.

```bash
    virsh --connect qemu:///system define macOS.xml
```

- If needed, grant necessary permissions to libvirt-qemu user,

```
    sudo setfacl -m u:libvirt-qemu:rx /home/$USER
    sudo setfacl -R -m u:libvirt-qemu:rx /home/$USER/OSX-KVM
```

  - Launch `virt-manager` and start the `macOS` virtual machine.

---

### Headless macOS

- Use the provided [boot-macOS-headless.sh](./boot-macOS-headless.sh) script.

```
  ./boot-macOS-headless.sh
```

---

### Setting Expectations Right

Nice job on setting up a `Virtual Hackintosh` system! Such a system can be used
for a variety of purposes (e.g. software builds, testing, reversing work), and
it may be all you need, along with some tweaks documented in this repository.

> [!Note]
> However, such a system lacks graphical acceleration, a reliable sound sub-system,

#### For USB 3 functionality and other similar things
**To enable these things**:
- take a
look at our [notes](notes.md). We would like to resume our testing and
documentation work around this area. Please [reach out to us](mailto:dhiru.kholia@gmail.com?subject=[GitHub]%20OSX-KVM%20Funding%20Support)
if you are able to fund this area of work.

- It is possible to have 'beyond-native-apple-hw' performance but it does require
work, patience, and a bit of luck (perhaps?).

---

### Post-Installation

* See [networking notes](networking-qemu-kvm-howto.txt) on how to setup networking in your VM, outbound and also inbound for remote access to your VM via SSH, VNC, etc.

* To passthrough GPUs and other devices, see [these notes](notes.md#gpu-passthrough-notes).

* Need a different resolution? Check out the [notes](notes.md#change-resolution-in-opencore) included in this repository.

* Trouble with iMessage? Check out the [notes](notes.md#trouble-with-imessage) included in this repository.

* Highly recommended macOS tweaks - https://github.com/sickcodes/osx-optimizer

---

### Is This Legal?

The "secret" Apple OSK string is widely available on the Internet. 
- It is also included in a public court document [available here](http://www.rcfp.org/sites/default/files/docs/20120105_202426_apple_sealing.pdf).
- I am not a lawyer but it seems that Apple's attempt(s) to get the OSK string treated as a trade secret did not work out. Due to these reasons, the OSK string is freely included in this repository.

Please review the ['Legality of Hackintoshing' documentation bits from Dortania's OpenCore Install Guide](https://dortania.github.io/OpenCore-Install-Guide/why-oc.html#legality-of-hackintoshing).

Gabriel Somlo also has [some thoughts](http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~somlo/OSXKVM/) on the legal aspects involved in running macOS under QEMU/KVM.

You may also find [this 'Announcing Amazon EC2 Mac instances for macOS' article](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2020/11/announcing-amazon-ec2-mac-instances-for-macos/
) interesting.

Note: It is your responsibility to understand, and accept (or not accept) the
Apple EULA.

Note: This is not legal advice, so please make the proper assessments yourself
and discuss with your lawyers if you have any concerns (Text credit: Dortania)

---

### Motivation

My aim is to enable macOS based educational tasks, builds + testing, kernel
debugging, reversing, and macOS security research in an easy, reproducible
manner without getting 'invested' in Apple's closed ecosystem (too heavily).

These `Virtual Hackintosh` systems are not intended to replace the genuine
physical macOS systems.

Personally speaking, this repository has been a way for me to 'exit' the Apple
ecosystem. It has helped me to test and compare the interoperability of `Canon
CanoScan LiDE 120` scanner, and `Brother HL-2250DN` laser printer. And these
devices now work decently enough on modern versions of Ubuntu (Yay for free
software). Also, a long time back, I had to completely wipe my (then) brand new
`MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013)` and install Xubuntu on it - as the
`OS X` kernel kept crashing on it!

Backstory: I was a (poor) student in Canada in a previous life and Apple made [my work on cracking Apple Keychains](https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/src/keychain_fmt_plug.c) a lot harder than it needed to be. This is how I got interested in Hackintosh systems.